• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

FPGA 배치 툴 연구는 학계에서도 단순한 가상 아키텍처 모델 가정에서 벗어나 상용 툴처럼 캐리체인이나 광폭함수 멀티플렉서, 메모리/승산기 블록 등의 성능 및 밀도를 향상시키는 소자들을 포함하는 현실적인 모델을 적용하기 시작하였다. 이 때 발생하는 실제적 이슈들을 다룬 사전 패킹, 다층 밀도 분석 등의 기법이 초기 분석적 배치 (Analytic Placement)에 적용되어 밀도를 분산시키면서 배선 길이를 효과적으로 최소화한 연구가 앞서 발표된 바 있다. 더 나아가 궁극적으로는 타이밍을 최적화해야하기 때문에 많은 연구에서는 타이밍 제약 조건을 만족시키기 위한 기법들이 제시되고 있다. 그러나 초기 배치 후 진행되는 배치 적법화 및 배치 개선에서 주로 적용될 뿐 분석적 배치에서 이러한 타이밍 기법을 적용한 사례는 거의 없다. 본 논문에서는 사전 패킹 및 다층 밀도 분석 등의 기법이 구현된 기존 분석적 배치에 타이밍 제약 조건 위반을 검출하고 이를 최소화하는 기법을 결합하는 방안을 소개한다. 먼저 정적 타이밍 검증기를 집적하여 배선 길이가 최소화된 기존 배치 결과의 타이밍을 검사해 보았으며 위반을 감소시키기 위해 신호 도착 시간 (Arrival Time)을 최소화하는 함수를 분석적 배치의 목적 함수에 추가하였다. 이 때 각 클록마다 주기가 다를 수 있기 때문에 각 클록별로 함수를 따로 계산해 합산하는 방안이 제안되었다. 또한, 위반이 없는 클록 도메인의 신호 경로들도 불필요하게 단축될 수 있기 때문에 음수 슬랙 (Negative Slack)을 계산하여 이를 최소화하는 함수를 추가로 제안하여 비교하였다. 영역 분할 기법 (Partitioning)을 기반으로 배선 길이를 최소화하는 기존 배치 적법화를 그대로 사용한 후 타이밍 검증을 통해 초기 분석적 배치 단계에서 타이밍 개선 효과를 분석하였다. 배치 적법화 시 추가적인 타이밍 최적화 기법이 사용되지 않았기 때문에 타이밍 개선이 있다면 이것은 전적으로 분석적 배치의 목적 함수개선에 의한 효과이다. 12개 실용예제에 대해 실험한 결과, 목적 함수에 도착 시간 함수가 적용되었을 때 그렇지 않았을 때보다 최악 음수 슬랙 (Worst Negative Slack)이 평균 약 15% 정도 감소되었으며 음수 슬랙 함수가 적용되었을 때 이보다 약 6%정도 추가로 더 감소됨을 확인하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2014

기존 학계의 FPGA 툴 연구는 단순한 가상 아키텍처 모델 가정에 의존해 왔다. 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위한 첫걸음으로 분석적 배치 및 배치 적법화의 기본 알고리즘들을 상용 FPGA의 아키텍처에 적용하는 실제 상황에서 발생되는 이슈들을 도출하여 대안을 제시한 후 그 효과를 평가하였다. 먼저, 코어 사용률이 낮은 FPGA에서 배치된 셀들의 무게 중심이 칩 중심에서 벗어나는 현상이 발생할 수 있는데 이 변위를 최소화하는 함수를 분석적 배치의 목적 함수에 추가하였다. 또한 배치 밀도 평가의 정확도를 높이기 위해 셀 종류별로 별도의 밀도 행렬을 사용하는 다층 분석, 그리고 자원이 매우 한정된 블록의 조기 고정 방안을 제안하였다. 그밖에, 슬라이스 내에서 두 개의 플립플롭이 제어 핀들을 공유하기 때문에 발생하는 호환성 문제를 개선하기 위한 플립플롭 사전 패킹도 제안하였다. 제안된 기법은 상용 FPGA 아키텍처를 정확하게 모델링하고 수정 개선할 수 있는 K-FPGA 패브릭 평가 툴킷을 근간으로 구현되었으며 12개의 실용 예제에 적용하여 기존 방식에 비해 평균적으로 배선길이 22%, 슬라이스 사용량 5%를 감축하는 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 신규 FPGA 아키텍처 개발을 위한 최적화 CAD 툴 개발 연구의 기초가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

In recent years, researches regarding optimal placement of CCTV(Closed-circuit Television) cameras via architecture modeling has been conducted. However, for analyzing surveillance coverage through actual human movement, the application of VA(Video Analytics) function of IP(Internet Protocol) cameras has not been studied. This paper compares two methods using data captured from real-world cameras and data acquired from a virtual environment. In using real cameras, we develop GUI(Graphical User Interface) to be used as a logfile which is stored hourly and daily through VA functions and to be used commercially for placement of products inside a shop. The virtual environment was constructed to emulate an real world such as the building structure and the camera with its specifications. Moreover, suitable placement of the camera is done by recognizing obstacles and the number of people counted within the camera's range of view. This research aims to solve time and economic constraints of actual installation of surveillance cameras in real-world environment and to do feasibility study of virtual environment.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권5호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1998

This paper is on the discrete model reduction method over disc-type analytic domains. We define hankel singular value over the disc that is mapped by standard bilinear mapping. And the generalized singular perturbation approximation and the direct truncation are generalized to GSPA and DT over a disc. Furthermore, it is shown that the reduced order model over a smaller domaing has a smaller .inf.-norm error bound. And the poposed reduction method is used to obtain the regional pole placement property.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.33-48
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• 1998

This paper illustrates the application of Fuzzy Theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) for developing Occupational Stress Index(OSI). The purpose of the OSI development is for future prediction and problem solving of prevailing occupational stress. In developing OSI, the concept of fuzzy set theory was introduced to determine the existence and level of perceived occupational stress instead of actually measuring the strain parameters. The AHP is adopted to collect different weighting factors, since there exist various perceptions and responses to the occupational stress by different individuals. The validation study revealed that the OSI is a reliable predictor of work-related accident and illness and the physiological health of employees. Creating preventive measures, such as early detection of stress, proper placement and promotion of employees, and job enlargement will be possible by using this OSI effectively.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.221-238
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• 2006

This study investigates the reliability of plagiarism measurement in the ESL essay writing context. The current study aims to address the answers to the following research questions: 1) How does plagiarism measurement affect test reliability in a psychometric view? and 2) how do raters conceive the plagiarism in their analytic scoring? This study uses the mixed-methodology that crosses quantitative-qualitative techniques. Thirty eight international students took an ESL placement writing test offered by the University of Illinois. Two native expert raters rated students' essays in terms of 5 analytic features (organization, content, language use, source use, plagiarism) and made a holistic score using a scoring benchmark. For research question 1, the current study, using G-theory and Multi-facet Rasch model, found that plagiarism measurement threatened test reliability. For research question 2, two native raters and one non-native rater in their email correspondences responded that plagiarism was not a valid analytic area to be measured in a large-scale writing test. They viewed the plagiarism as a difficult measurement are. In conclusion, this study proposes that a systematic training program for avoiding plagiarism should be given to students. In addition, this study suggested that plagiarism is measured reliably in the small-scale classroom test.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.421-424
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• 1996

To provide an appropriate knowledge representation technique dependent on a particular domain, we consider the combine analytic hierachy process(CAHP). This is an extended method of the conventional AHP which is useful when two different expert groups are involved. Our problem domain is confined to human resource management including such major activities as planning, selection, placement, compensations, performance evaluation, training, and labor-management relations. We prioritize rules, frames, semantic nets, and predicate logic representation techniques best suited to each and all domains through an exploratory study.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1999년도 제14차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.83-87
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide the new method for selection of a close to optimal scalar control of linear time-periodic system. The case of scalar control is considered, the gain matrix being assumed to be at worst periodic with the system period T. The form of gain matrix may have various kinds but must have same period, for example, one of each element being represented by Fourier series. As the optimal gain matrix I consider the matrix ensuring the minimum value of the larger real part of the Poincare exponents of the system. Finally we present a pole placement algorithm to make the given system be stable. It is possible to determine the stability of the given periodic system without get the analytic solution. The application of the method does not require the construction of the Floquet solution. At present state of determination of the gain matrix for this case will be done only by systematic numerical search procedures.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2008

The occurrence of longitudinal cracking in concrete deck of box girder bridge is affected by many factors, but the most important factors are the shrinkage and thermal gradient of deck slabs. In this study, therefore, the tensile stresses at the bottom of deck were calculated from the experimental data(autogeneous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, and thermal gradient of deck slab). Also, the possibility of longitudinal cracks at bottom of deck was estimated. For this purpose, full-scale box girder segments have been fabricated and tested. The thermal gradients and shrinkage strains of deck slabs were measured after placement of concrete. Also, analytic program was conducted for the evaluation of longitudinal cracking in bridge deck considering differential shrinkage induced from non-uniform moisture distributions in concrete.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 1997

This paper is concerned with knowledge representation schemes best suited for human resource management (HRM) problem domains including human resource planing, selection, placement, compensations, performance evaluation, training and labor-management relations. In order to suggest the scheme we consider two research gods. First, we evaluate and prioritize. The knowledge representation techniques of frames rules, semantic nets and predicate logic that hove been recommended to managerial domains. The combined Analytic Hierarchy Process technique is employed to combine individual judgments effectively between two different expert groups. As a result if we are to select a single knowledge representation technique, a frame representation is best for most HRM domains and to combine frames with others is another choice. Second as a strategy for knowledge representation schemes we show some examples for each damn in terms of labeled semantic nets and two types of rules derived from the semantic nets. We propose nine knowledge components as ontologies. The labeled semantic nets con provide some benefits compared with conventional one. More clearly definea node rode information maces it easy to find the ac information. In the rule sets, the variables are the node of the semantic nets. The consistency of rules is validated by the relationship of the knowledge components.