• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6D
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• pp.557-563
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial structure of Mega-Economic Region particularly in Daegu using Freight Origin-Destination (O/D) Data which comes from KTDB. To diagnose the appropriate separation of Regions, the mean of three standardized indices was calculated. The indicates measured are Freight Occupancy Ratio (FOR), Freight Dependancy Ratio (FDR), Scale Parameter (SP), respectively. The result of analysis showed that FOR FDR SP indicators gave effective explanation about characteristic of Regions depending on Freight moving patterns. Especially, Gyeongsan and Gumi had high correlation Regions with FOR FDR indicator. Also, the major industries of Daegu Metropolitan based on the SP indicator are Chemical and Metal machinery industry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

Purpose: Compared with the past when Japanese retailers used to hesitate to open their shops in the Korean market, because of anti-Japan sentiment, they show confidence in Korea in recent. This study, thus, aims at examining how socio-demographic factors have an impact on customer attitudes towards a Japanese retailer as a shopping destination. Research design, data, and methodology: After the literature review process, the authors have developed a variety of questions to verify the relationship amongst the variables like nationalism, consumer ethnocentrism, war animosity, store country-of-origin and anti-Japan sentiment. Furthermore, after collected questionnaires, the authors used confirmative factor analysis (CFA), T test and linear regression analysis to verify the 25 hypotheses developed. Results: Except for a household size element, it is found that gender, age, education and income levels are related to the degree of nationalism, ethnocentrism, war animosity, store country-of-origin and anti-Japan sentiment. In other words, socio-economic elements influenced Korean customer attitudes towards Japanese retailers. Conclusions: Korean customers tend to show different shopping attitudes towards the Japanese retailers, depending on the characteristics of socio-demographic elements. Furthermore, changing socio-demographic factors will provide positive business opportunities for Japanese retailers in the future.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.195-215
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to provide data to be utilized for marketing to attract future container cargo to the Korea-China Car Ferry Service and to estimate container traffic for the development of the International Passenger Terminal to be newly built in the Incheon Southern Port. An analysis of container traffic through the Passenger Terminal of Incheon Port showed that the container throughput of Incheon Port comprised 20% of traffic. The export cargo traffic in the International Passenger Terminal, 71.4%, or 111,698 TEU of 156,284 TEU in total, was brought from metropolitan areas. To increase the container traffic of the car ferry service currently concentrated on the metropolitan areas, more endeavor is required to strengthen marketing competence to attract container traffic to other regions apart from the metropolitan areas as well as provide general services.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-169
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• 2022

This study investigates the effect of economic factors on immigration using the gravity model of immigration. Cross-sectional regression and panel data analyses are conducted from 2000 to 2019 using the OECD International Migration Database, which consists of 36 destination countries and 201 countries of origin. The Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood method, which can effectively correct potential biased estimates caused by zeros in the immigration data, is used for estimation. The results indicate that the economic factors strengthened after the global financial crisis. Additionally, this effect varies depending on the type of immigration (the income level of origin country). The gravity model applied to immigration performs reasonably well, but it is necessary to consider the country-specific and time-varying characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2011

Using 2006 metropolitan household travel survey data, this study analyzes trip behaviors based on a concept of trip chains using both trip purpose and number of trip linkages. For the analysis, trip chains are classified into two groups depending on including commute trips. Each group is further classified into a single linkage (i.e., Origin-Destination trips without any intermediate stop-by) and multiple linkages (Origin-Destination trip with at least one intermediate stop-by). The analysis is conducted using the two-step Nested Logit Model. Computational results identifying the characteristics of single and multiple linkages show that the young, male and office employee drivers tend to have more multiple linkages than single linkages in their trips. In contrast, it is shown that a driver whose monthly income is less than 3,000,000 Korean Won with a longer commute time more likely to make a trip chain with single linkages (p<0.0001).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-88
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• 2010

Rapidly increasing transnational migration can be seen as a typical process which has proceeded under macro-contexts of socio-spatial characters of origin and destination country and their relationships, shaped with global uneven regional development in the process of glocalization and development of transportation and communication on the global level. In order to consider macro-contexts of transnational migration, this paper emphasizes the concept of multicultural space and some key elements implied in it, that is, place, territory, network, scale (suggested by Jessop et al.) and spatial flow and difference. As results of questionnaire analysis of foreign immigrants' recognition of macro-contexts, this paper suggests some findings: that is, a high level of recognition of all types of foreign immigrants on global changes, the most negative recognition of migrant workers among 4 types of foreign immigrants on economic and social conditions of their origin country, a positive recognition of people in all regions of their origin (except few countries such as Japan) on international migration, and a low level of their recognition in all types on S. Korea's characters as their destination country.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.49-59
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• 2001

In the transportation planning process, origin and destination(O-D) trip matrix is one of the most important elements. There have been developments and applications of the methodology to adjust old matrices using link traffic counts. Commonly, the accuracy of an adjusted O-D matrix depends very much on the reliability of the input data such as the numbers and locations of traffic counting points in the road network. In the real application of the methodology, decisions on the numbers and locations of traffic counting points are one of the difficult problems, because usually as networks become bigger, the numbers of traffic counting points are required more. Therefore, this paper investigates these issues as an experiment using a nationwide network in Korea. We have compared and contrasted the set of link flows assigned by the old and the adjusted O-D matrices with the set of observed link flows. It has been analyzed by increasing the number of the traffic counting points on the experimental road network. As a result of these analyses, we can see an optimal set of the number of counting links through statistical analysis, which are approximately ten percentages of the total link numbers. In addition, the results show that the discrepancies between the old and the adjusted matrices in terms of the trip length frequency distributions and the assigned and the counted link flows are minimized using the optimal set of the counted links.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.125-133
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• 2007

Through open-sky policy, USA and European selected market principle of multiuser. However, in Asian case, major airlines monopolize airports. It is purpose that analyzes fare competition of Asian Hub Airport and the position of Incheon airport in Asia. Passengers required longer time and distance to go to the destination because direct flights decreases. But passengers increased in airport every year. Because of routes that decrease, airlines provide more services of flights. So airlines prefer to Hub Airports. As a result, both passengers and airlines are profitable by various routs and the increased frequency. On the assumption that distance and fare are related, the final formula is as following that defined the air fare from hub(H) to destination(Z) by logarithm. Analysis showed that log Rdist is not 1 but 0.08. As distance increases, fare doesn't increase. If distance from hub to destination airports is longer, Log dist_HZ is negative. It is that fare decreases from origin to destination via hub or that fare increases from hub to destination. HHI_HZ and HHI_AZ are negative. It means that if the degree of monopolization of hub and origin airports is lager, fare decreases from origin to destination via hub. Or fare increases from hub to destination. And it compares the Incheon airport with the other Asian hub airports and it examines the competitive fare by market division. As compared with the Incheon airport, Singapore, Beijing and Narita airports are higher fares. They compete with the other ones by Asian hub airports. But Hong Kong and Taipei airports must have more passengers through fare competition yet.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.641-647
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• 2010

Container port development in Korea seems to be based on the policy of balanced regional development rather than demand and supply theory. The problem of overcapacity and low utilization faced by several ports such as Kwangyang, Ulsan New Port and Phohang Youngil New Port can back up this. Furthermore as some ports are located closely sharing the same domestic hinterland the revitalization of the ports is not easy resulting in wasting resources with both regional and national aspect. This study, therefore, aims at providing an empirical results for the container port classification of the 5 ports such as Busan, Kwangyang, Incheon, Pyeongtaek and Ulsan. For this several time series data for the ports such as transshipment containers, import and export containers, origin and destination countries, and local origin and destination are analysed. Based on the results of the analysis the 5 container ports are classified together with their practical roles, and the functional overlap of the port including Phohang was analysed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 1991

Migration studies that assume that decision making is done on an individual basis is overlooking the importance of the family factor. Considering that must people belong to families, it is more appropriate to view migration decision from the perspective of the family. This study analyzes the household migration decision whereby the alternatives are to stay, 10 undertake family migration or to undertake single migration of a member. In developing a conceptual model of household migration decision, it is assumed that the household's objective is to maximize household income which is a function of individual members' earnings. The benefits and costs of household migration and individual migration are identified and the household chooses the migration strategy that maximizes expected household income. When household members have conflicting earning prospects in the potential destination, the household considers single migration of the member with the best earning potentials. However, lone migration by a household member involves cost of family separation which is both monetary and psychic, and this study shows that lone migration is undertaken only when its net gains to the family are greater than the separation cost of the family. The major benefit of choosing single migration is the retention of home base in the place of origin which can serve as an insurance against the uncertainty of obtaining a job in the destination, the benefit that is unavailable in family migration. The conceptual analysis shows how a household's migration decision would depend on its members' economic roles and prospects in the destination. Besides the economic variables, social and life cycle variables of the family translate into separation costs and benefits of migration. This study indicates that one - earner family in low economic status but with good earning prospects and high separation costs is more likely to choose family migration over single migration.