• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 2011

Two consecutive feeding trials investigated the effects of feeding rate and pellet expansion by water-soaking on the growth performance, blood components and histology of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The first two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of pellet expansion and feeding rate. In the first experiment, growth performance, feed utilization and survival of fish were not significantly affected by pellet expansion for six weeks. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and total protein of fish fed the expanded pellet. However, whole-body lipid content of fish in the non-expanded group was significantly higher than that in the expanded group. Histological analysis of the anterior intestine revealed that fish in the expanded group had shorter and smaller mucous folds. These results indicate that pellet expansion had no beneficial effect in terms of growth performance, feed utilization and fish health. In the second experiment, weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly increased as feeding rate increased from 0 to 2.5% body weight per day (BW/d), but there were no significant differences in weight gain or feeding efficiency in fish fed the expanded pellet at ratios of 2.5% BW/d and satiation for three weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity of fish fed the expanded pellet at a ratio of 2.5% was significantly lower than that of starved fish. Histological analysis of the anterior intestine revealed that fish in the 0% group had shorter mucous folds. Broken-line regression analysis suggested that the optimum juvenile olive flounder feeding rate was 3.5% BW/d during the low temperature season ($16-17^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

This studies were to investigate the effects of low power wavelengths Helium-Neon Infra-Red(He-Ne IR)laser on the changes of the blood biochemical components in burn rats. The thirty Spraque-Dewely adult male rats were assigned to the 5 groups; the experimental groups(3), the burn control group(1) and the control group(1). There was made three degree burn by the 250mW IR on the back of each rats, from 3 days after being, burned, the experimental laser groups were irradiated low power wavelengths (292Hz, 1168Hz, 4672Hz) He-Ne IR laser for 5 minutes every day during the 7days. The results wee as follows: The activities of aspirate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), on treated with the wavelengths ((292Hz, 1168Hz, 4672Hz) laser groups during 5 min. for 7 days were significantly increased to the control group respectively, but those of total cholesterol(CHOL) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were significantly decreased to the a control group (p<0.05). there were significantly decreased on the activity of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase on the all experimental groups to the burn control group and those of lactate dehydronase on treated with 292Hz and 4672Hz wavelength9 groups to the burn control group but, were significantly increased on those of urea nitrogen (292Hz and 1168Hz)(p<0.05). The activity of AST, LDH, on treated with 1168Hz wavelengths were significantly decreased of the 292Hz and 4672Hz wavelengths groups that of ALT on the treated with 1168Hz group was significantly increased to the 4672 Hz wavelength group but those of CHOL and LDH on the 1168Hz and 4672Hz wavelength groups were dignificatly decreased to the MHz wavelengths group. As above results, the changes of the activities of biochemical conponents in the serum levels on the healing process have meaningful effected of the role of low power wavelengths He-Ne IR laser.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.392-398
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to assess improvements caused by silk sericin extract in blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of streptozotocin(STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced diabetic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. Serum concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride(TG) and phospholipids(PL) were remarkably higher in the diabetic group(group BSW) and STZ(I.P.)-plus-silk sericin extract group(group ESS) than in the control group(group CG, basal diet-plus-water). However, the serum concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL were lower in the ESS group than in the BSW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the ESS group were higher than in the BSW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase(AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the ESS group than in the diabetic BSW group. The results shown above suggested that silk sericin extract effectively improves blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.300-307
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with hot water extracts (HE) of selfheal (Prunella vulgaris) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture fluid (LF) on the growth and non-specific immune responses of juvenile olive flounder. A total of 270 fish ($5.07{\pm}0.01g$, average $weight{\pm}SD$) were divided randomly into nine groups, and three groups were fed one of three isonitrogenous (51% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.6 MJ/kg) diets. The diets contained no supplement, 50 mL hot water extract, or 50 mL L. rhamnosus fluid (designated as diets CON, HE and LF, respectively). During the 8-week feeding trial, the growth, feed utilization and survival of the fish were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. There were no significant differences in the hematocrit and hemoglobin of fish fed each of the experimental diets. However, the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity were lower with the dietary supplements containing HE and LF. The alanine aminotransferase activity of fish fed the HE diet was significantly lower than that of fish fed the control diet. The hematocrit, hemoglobin, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity were higher 3 hr after feeding than 24 hr afterwards. The NBT activity of fish fed the HE and LF diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet 3 hr after feeding. The findings suggest that dietary supplementation with HE and LF could enhance the nonspecific immune responses of juvenile olive flounder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipids in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the STZ (55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic group (group 2) and STZ (I.P.)+ Zizyphus jujuba seed extract group (group 3) than those in the control group (group 1, basal diet + water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG and PL in serum were remakably lower in the group 3 than those in the group 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) were higher percentage than in the group 2. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were rather lower in the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) than in the STZ- induced diabetic group (group 2). From the above results, it was suggested that the Zizyphus jujuba seed were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, in Zizyphus jujuba seed was effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.801-806
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• 2005

This study was designed to examine the effects of fractions of ethanol extract of Benincasa hispida (wax gourd) on plasma glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabolic rats. sprague-Dawley rats were induced diabetes mellitus by STZ injection (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein and were divided into 5 groups: normal, STZ-control, three experimental diabetic groups. fractions of ethanol extract of Benincasa hispida were administered orally into the diabetic rats for 14 days. The food intake and body weight were monitored and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) , free fatty acid (FFA) , and aminotransferase activity were analyzed. A significant lowering effects of plasma glucose levels were observed in the chloroform fraction and $H_2O$ fraction group compared to STZ-control group at 14 days. Administrations of each of the three fractions decreased plasma TG and FFA levels in diabetic rats. Activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in $CHCl_3$ fraction and $H_2O$ fraction groups and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in $H_2O$ fraction group significantly lower than STZ-control group. The results show that $CHCl_3$ fraction of Benincasa hispida could be effective to control the STZ-induced diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 801$\sim$806,2005)

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.135-140
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effect of grape by-product on milk yield, milk composition and blood metabolites of lactating cows. A total of 8 Holstein dairy cows (average age = 89.9 months, average lactation day = 164.4, Reproduction number = 2.8) were randomly allocated into control (no additives, CON) or grape by-product treatment (add 1 kg of grape by-product per day, GBP) for 3 weeks. The concentrations of fat, protein, lactose and total solid in milk were not affected by grape by-product supplementation. However, milk yield (23.13 vs. 21.16 kg/d) was higher (p<0.05) in GBP than in CON, while SCC was lower (p<0.05). The concentrations of glucose, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and BUN in blood did not differ between treatments. But blood aspartate aminotransferase and total cholesterol concentrations (123.75 vs. 95.34 IU/L, 200.82 vs. 180.63 mg/dl) were higher (p<0.05) in cows fed GBP than CON. As the result, grape by-product, which has a various potential benefits, could be used as a functional diet supplement for lactating dairy cows.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.18-21
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• 1998

Bromobenzene 투여에 의한 간조직중 ATPase 활성을 관찰할 목적으로 흰쥐에 bromobenzene을 체중 kg당 400 mg을 복강으로 투여한 다음 4시간 후에 처치하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Bromobenzene 투여로 인한 체중당 간무게는 유의하게 증가되었으나 간조직중 단백질 함량은 감소되었다. 혈청중 alanine aminotransferase 활성은 대조군과 별다른 차이를 볼수 없었다. 따라서 본 실험조건에서 Bromobenzene 처치 실험동물에서 간조직은 가역적상해로 생각되며 이러한 실험동물모델에 $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase 활성은 유의하게 (p<0.05)증가되었으며 이때 V$_{max}$ 치역시 대조군에 비하여 증가 되었다. 이때 간조직중 glutathione 함량은 감소되었으며 glutathione S-transferase 활성 및 cytochrome P-450 함량치는 증가되는 경향을 보였다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.106-110
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• 2009

Objective : To study the Oriental Medicine-based strategies or therapeutics for chronic HBV infection. Methods : A chronic HBV carrier was treated with only oriental therapies. Then, serum biochemical parameters were serially chased, and change of HBV-DNA level was evaluated. Result : The biochemical indicators (AST, ALT, gamma-GTP, bilirubin) fluctuated during the treatment period. After one episode of drastic elevation of serum aminotransferase, HBV-DNA disappeared from the blood along with normalization of biochemical parameters within two years of beginning treatment. Conclusion : Oriental Medicine-based therapeutics could be an alternative strategy against chronic infection of HBV.