• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.317-320
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• 2004

Physiological effects of curcumin, major yellow-colored pigment in tumeric (Curcuma longa L.), extracted by traditional extracting methods, ethanol and hot-water extractions, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using supercritical carbon dioxide as new extracting method. Antioxidative activity of ethanol extract was higher than those of SFE and hot-water extracts. Results of Ames mutagenicity test on SFE, ethanol, and hot-water extracts revealed no mutagen in the extracts. Antimutagenicity rates of SFE, ethanol, and hot-water extracts against direct mutagen, 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), were 20.1, 9.3, and 15.2%, respectively. Antimutagenicity rate of SFE extract against TA98 derived from indirect mutagen, 2-acetamidofluorene (2-AF), was 12.2%, whereas none was observed in ethanol and hot-water extracts. Nitrite-scavenging ability of SFE extract was higher than those of ethanol and not-water extracts.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1991

Interest in the studies of diesel exhaust emission has been increasing by the expected increase in the use of diesel powered automobiles out of concideration of fuel economy. It was well known that diesel exhaust emission was mutagenic in the bioassay as Ames test. The authors tried to find out the cytogenetic effect of diesel exhaust emission by the operational condition of engine such as speed and load. For the investigation of those effects, 66 male mice of ICR strain were used. The benzene-ethanol extracts of diesel exhaust emission were injected intra peritoneum 25rng/kg and 50mg/kg respectively. To evaluate the cytogenetic effect, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was carried out. The frequency of micronucleus was different among the various groups according to the operational conditions of engine. The frequency of micronucleus in idling group was the highest of all the groups the subgroup of 50mg/kg showed the rate of 1.30%, 25rng/kg subgroup 0.55%. And the group of 2000rpm with 50% load showed the lowest rate of micronucleus appearance as 0.20% and 0.15%. In general, the frequency of micronucleus was shown higher in propotion to load and was shown inversely proportional to speed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.6 s.84
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• pp.643-649
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• 2004

Pork was cooked using three kinds of instrument [electric pill (EG) for 5min., microwave oven (MW) for 6min. and reheated using a MW] and then extracted with $80\%$ methanol. The Ames test was performed on the methanol extracts, employing the S. typhimurium tester strain, TA100. The methanol extract of cooked pork showed high mutagenicity ion the 5.0 mg/plate without the S9 mix, but a higher mutagenicity was induced with the S9 mix With increasing refrigeration $(4^{\circ}C)$ and freezing $(-18^{\circ}C)$ periods the extracts showed higher mutagenicities and TBA values, and the same results where shown with reheating. Correlations of the mutagenicity (-S9 mix) and rancidity of the pork cooked by EG, according to storage at and $-18^{\circ}C$ and reheated by MW (1 min), were r=0.85, 0.86, 0.98 and 0.83, respectively. When the MW was used for reheating, the refrigeration storage (r=0.98) showed a higher correlation coefficient than for that stored frozen (r=0.83). From the structure of cooked pork, as observed by SEM, many vapor pathways were viewed in the pork reheated using themicrowave oven.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1371-1376
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• 2007

The effect of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves on the mutagenicity in salmonella assay and inhibitory effects on the growth of cancer cells were studied. On antimutagenicity as evaluated by Ames test, the extract and fractions of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves had no effect on the mutagenicity by themselves. However, methanol extract and fractions from Hovenia dulcis Thumb showed strong inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N#-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). Among the solvent fractions of methanol extract, the hexane, chloroform and butanol fraction exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against MNNG and B(a)P induced mutagenesis than water fraction. For anticancer effects, Hovenia dulcis Thumb loaves extract and fractions against cancer cell lines including HepG2 and HT29 were investigated. The methanol extract, the hexane fraction and the chloroform fraction of Hovenia dulcis Thumb leaves inhibited growth of cancer cells but they had no effect on the cytotoxicity of normal human liver cells under the same conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The antioxidative, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis have been studied. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The inhibition effects on the mutagenicity in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 were evaluated by Ames test and cancer cell inhibitory effects in Hep3B cell and HeLa cell were tested by MTT assay. Cornus officianalis had an important free radical-scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical. At a concentration of 500 ppm, the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of Cornus officianalis was similar to that of L-ascorbic acid. None of the extracts produced a mutagenic effect on S. Typhimurium TA100. The ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis showed about 77% of inhibition at 500 ppm on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The extract from Cornus officianalis showed strong cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HeLa cells, with inhibition of 83 and 78% at a dose of $700{\mu}g$/plate, respectively. Moreover, the ethanol extracts had 34.33 mg H.E/g of polyphenols and 5.67 mg Q.E/g of flavonoids, respectively. Therefore, the present study showed antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer potential of the ethanol extract from Cornus officianalis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1110-1114
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• 2002

Antimutagenic effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. on the mutagenicity induced by 2-AF and Trp-P-1 was studied using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In S. typhimurium TA98, the methanol extract $(500\;{\mu}g/plate)$ of root, stem, and leaf of E. senticosus showed inhibitory effects of 72.8, 70.0, and 78.7% on the mutagenicity induced by 2-AF, and 69.2, 64.9, and 59.4% by Trp-P-1, respectively, whereas none was observed in S. typhimurium TA100. These results suggest that the methanol extract of E. senticosus inhibits a frame shift mutation. And then the methanol extract further fractionated by chloroform, butanol, and water. The chloroform fractions of root, stem, and leaf showed strong antimutagenic effects induced by 2-AF and Trp-P-1 in S. typhimurium TA98, whereas none was observed in the butanol and aqueous fractions. The chloroform fractions of root, stem, and leaf showed antimutagenic effects of $13{\sim]92%$ in a dose-dependent manner.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Although seafood cooking drips were the byproducts from the fishery industry it was known that the cooking drips had many nutrients and could be used as functional materials. Previously, the physiological properties of cooking drips were shown to be increased by a gamma irradiation. But, there was no report on the safe for the genotoxicity on the irradiation. In this study, the genotoxicity of the cooking drips from Hizikia fusiformis, Enteroctopus dofleni and Thunnus thynnus was evaluated by the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay) and the SOS chromotest. The results from all samples were negative in the bacterial reversion assay with S. typhimurium TA98, TA100. No mutagenicity was detected in the assay, both with and without metabolic activation. The SOS chromotest also indicated that the gamma-irradiated seafood cooking drips did not show any mutagenicity. Therefore, this study indicated that gamma irradiation could be used for the hygiene, functional properties and processibility of seafood cooking drips.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2002

We prepared extracts from bark, leaf and fruit of Sorbus commixta Hedl using by water and ethanol. To test for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity on extracts, we used Rec assay and Ames test. The result of Rec assay, the extracts of the Sorbus commixta Hedl did not show a DNA-damage activity. The results of Ames test were provided that extracts of Sorbus commixta Hedl showed $43{\sim}73\;%$ antimutagenic activities. In the inhibition ratio of the growth of several human cancer cells (A549, HepG2, MCF7), 91% of MCF7 cell growth, 94% of A549 cell growth and 91% HepG2 cell growth were inhibited by adding 1mg/ml of fruit ethanol extracts, bark ethanol extracts and fruit ethanol extracts, respectively. There was a little cytotoxicity on human normal hephatocyte (WRL68), extracts(1mg/ml) showed over the 70% survival.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 1987

The rec-assay on Bacillus subtilis strains H17$({Rec}^+)$ and M45$({Rec}^-)$, the Ames test with modification of preincubation on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and DNA-breaking test on double strand calfthymus DNA were carried out using enzymatically browned substances obtained from the reaction of Prunus salicina (Red) enzyme and polyphenols. The spore rec-assay of enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone. 3,4-dihydrohyoluene and chlorogenic acid showed non-mutagenic activity The spore rec-assay showed a little influence of ${Zn}^{2+}$ and ${Ni}^{2+}$ on the action of four kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products. The enzymatic browning reaction products of polyphenols did not show DNAbreaking activity. ${Cu}^{2+}$ of various metal ions influenced on DNA-breaking of enzymatic browning reaction products of pyrogallol. However, enzymatic browning reaction products of chlorogenic acid inhibited on DNA-breaking activity. Four kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products showed non-mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with S-9 mix. In the mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with S-9 mix in the presence of benzo$({\alpha})$pyrene which is the carcinogenic substances, four kinds of enzymatic browning reaction products showed desmutagenic activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2002

The MeOH extract of Pueraria thunbergiana (Leguminosae) flowers and its fractions were subjected to Ames test to test the antimutagenicity. EtOAc fraction (1 mg/plate) decreased the number of revertants of Salmonella typhymurium TA100 by 95% against aflatoxin $B_1{\;}(AFB_1)$. Phytochemical isolation of the EtOAc fraction afforded four isoflavonoids (tectorigenin, glycitein, tectoridin and glycitin) and one saponin (kaikasaponin III). Though the three isoflavonoids other than tectoridin showed significant antimutagenicity, the activity of kaikasaponin III was the most potent. Kaikasaponin III (1 mg/plate) decreased the number of revertants of S. typhymurium TA 100 by 99% against $AFB_1$ but by 75% against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Tectorigenin (1 mg/plate) inhibited the $AFB_1$-induced mutagenicity by 90% and MNNG-induced one by 76%. Glycitein and glycitin were less active than tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III. This result suggested that kaikasponin III prevents the metabolic activation of $AFB_1$ and scavenge electrophilic intermediate capable of mutation. The two components with potent activities, tectorigenin and kaikasaonin III, significantly prevented the malondialdehyde formation caused by bromobenzene in the rat.