• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to present the learning items of indirect practice as an alternative means of ambulance riding practice. Methods: Twelve on-site professionals participated in testing the effectiveness of learning items of utility value in indirect experience practice among the recommended learning objectives of ambulance ride practice using the modified Delphi technique. To validate the learning objectives, the Delphi technique was used to check content validity, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis was used to analyze the weighting value. Results: As the learning goal of indirect experience practice replaced the ambulance riding practice, four items were derived in consideration of practicality. These items were consistent with the Delphi panel's consistency index, convergence, and agreement. The first learning item to consider was 'Prevention of infection and risk of infection.' Conclusion: The results of this study are meaningful in that they propose the learning items that can achieve the minimum educational goal through indirect experience practice as an alternative means of ambulance training.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2009

We have produced, characterized and compared different colloidal vehicles based on nanoemulsions. We also have investigated morphology and droplet distribution by means of electron microscope and photon correlation spectroscopy. Nanoemulsion systems characterized by different method on formulations have been obtained. Hydration power has been studied by means of a corneometer, measuring the skin electrical capacitance before and after the application of various type of skin lotions. It has been demonstrated that nanoemulsion with oil or fatty alcohol displayed a pronounced hydration power with respect to the solubilization system. In order to compare the smoothness of the skin after using skin lotion, we have measured the friction force. The skin lotions produced by nanoemulsion technique show improved smoothness of an atopic skin.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2014

The personal information extrusion accident(hacking, improper maintenance) by the internet has been increased rapidly during the last ten-year period. The personal information includes Korean resident registration number, name, cellphone number, home telephone number, E-mail address, home address, etc. Korean resident registration number is unchangeable from the cradle to the grave. Illegally accessed personal information can be wrongfully resoled or used at phishing scam. In this paper, we propose a alternative means of Korean resident registration number using the authorized certificate. The authorized certificate is in use safely in Internet. The authorized certificate(included Chinese name) is in used in offline service, the authorized certificate(included English name) is used in online(for government service) and the authorized certificate(not included name) is used in online(for private service). The authorized certificates are possible for discard, republication. The method can reduce the possibility of the personal information extrusion.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2012

This paper is part of the research about the selection and justification of Jeju international airport as an aircraft category 'F' alternative airport, which is the results of an weather analysis based on meteorological statistics. As the results of the study, it has been only 1 day per year (58minutes) that weather conditions of Incheon and Jeju international airports, from January 2006 to June 2011, are below landing weather minimums of each airport at the same times. This means that these airports are not within the same meteorological region, which is against the current orthodoxy. In addition, it is very rare that weather conditions of Jeju international airports are below landing weather minimums when Incheon international airport is below landing weather minima. It shows that the meteorological characteristics of these regions differ widely and the designation of Jeju international airport as an alternative airport is scientifically reasonable.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

Lately, our world is faced with very serious problems related to the increased air pollution of the exhaust emissions from automobiles. In particular, the exhaust emissions of diesel engines are recognized as a main cause which strongly influence environment. Lots of researchers have attempted to develop various alternative fuels to reduce these harmful emissions in diesel engine. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the possibility of esterfied rice bran oil for diesel fuel substitution in a naturally aspirated D. 1. diesel engine, and also find means to reduce smoke emissions in esterfied rice bran oil combustion. The smoke emission of esterfied rice bran oil is reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial gas oil, that is, it was reduced approximately 58.2% at 2500rpm. But, power, torque and brake specific energy consumption didn't have no large differences. It was concluded that esterfied rice bran oil can utilize effectively as an alternative and renew- able fuel fur diesel engine.

• 산업공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.151-169
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• 1993

In this research, we proposed "coefficient of inequality" as a measure of distributional inequality for an alternative, which is defined as the area between the diagonal line from 0 to 1 and the Lorenz curve of the given alternative. Next, we showed theoretical relationship between stochastic dominance and the coefficient of inequality as a means to determine the preferred alternative when decision is made with incomplete information about decision maker's utility function. Then, two experiments were performed to test subject‘s attitude toward risk. The results of the experiments support the idea that when a decision maker is risk averse or risk prone, he/she can use the coefficient of inequality as a decision rule to choose the preferred alternative instead of using stochastic dominance. Thus, according to decision maker’s attitude toward risk, the decision rule proposed here can be used as a valuable aid in decision making under uncertainty with incomplete information.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1403-1418
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• 1999

Nursing is a discipline that helps to understand human being, to mitigate pains in life by promoting and recovering health, and to study the basic principles in sustaining and preserving life. To understand man and thus to nurse, it is essential to take the way of life of the specific person, his/her ideas, and natural environment into consideration. This means, the temperament, geography, environment and society peculiar to Korea have formed its own culture distinguished from those of other people. Thoughts and philosophy develop as a products of the specific culture and society. Therefore, accurate understanding of the concepts of nursing in the traditional thoughts and philosophy is indispensible to define Korean nursing. Modern Korean nursing at first rooted in the westernized nursing and western nursing intervention has been applied ever since its introduction in the late 19th century under the paradigm of western natural science. However, Koreans in the past made use of alternative therapy which put its emphasis on the organic and holistic view of life as well as a means for traditional medicine and nursing. This alternative therapy has been largely ignored since the introduction of western medical science, and was considered something used only by the aged or the uneducated. Moreover, Health concerned practices and customary traditional therapy have been discarded in the clinical medicine as "unscientific" or "unsystematic". As described above, it is true that Korean nursing has developed in the quantitative aspect only adhering to western nursing intervention. Now it is the time to stop to hold ourself and to look back our past. To find and develop the originality of Korean nursing to cope with the globalization, it is necessary to rediscover nursing (alternative) therapy in Korean culture ignored so far. For this purpose, this study examines the oriental philosophy to explore alternative nursing theory now under development. Also it aims to present ways to apply alternative therapy to nursing education, research and clinical practices and ultimately to show the desirable direction of the nursing to go in the future. Yangsaeng theory of Taoism and Yin-yang, Oh-hang(five elements) and khi theory in Dongeuibogam which gave enormous influences on Korean medical culture and treatment together with Sahsang(four temperaments) emphasized in Dongeuisusebowon will be examined as conceptual framework. Concepts of nursing are categorized into views on each the universe, the human being and nursing. Views on human being is classified into subcategories of body, life, health, and disease. Also it emphasizes the necessity of including alternative therapy in nursing intervention. Views on the universe is classified into yin-yang, khi, and temperament. Nursing will be available anywhere and easily accessible with this new nursing intervention. Trying to give a new thoughts to all those traditional concepts and alternative therapy, this article suggests the necessity of developing original Korean nursing theory and nursing intervention.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제74권
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• pp.135-157
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• 2023

연구 목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 기독교대안학교가 공통적으로 지향하는 역량교육의 목적이 무엇이고 그러한 교육을 통해 길러주고자 하는 역량의 요소가 무엇인지를 합의적 의사결정 방법인 델파이 방법을 통해 제시하는 것이다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 역량은 '무엇인가를 할 수 있는 능력'을 의미하며, 역량기반 교육은 '역량의 개념을 기반으로 한 교육의 과정'을 의미한다. 일반교육에서 역량기반 교육은 보편적으로 시행되고 있다. 그러나 기독교교육의 영역에서는 아직까지 역량기반 교육이 활발하게 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 특히 기독교대안학교에서 공통적으로 어떠한 역량을 길러주는 교육을 하고 있는지에 대하여 학문적으로 정립되지 않고 있다. 기독교교육에서 역량기반 교육과 관련된 선행연구는 대부분 기독교 대학에서 실시하고 있는 역량기반 교육과 관련되어 있다. 기독교대안학교에서의 역량과 관련된 연구는 주로 교사들의 전문성이나 기독교대안학교의 이념과 관련된 연구들이다. 즉 기독교대안학교에 다니는 학생들에게 어떠한 역량을 길러주는 교육을 하고 있는지에 대한 구체적인 연구는 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 델파이 분석 기법을 활용하여 기독교 대안학교에서 실시하고 있는 역량중심 교육의 실체가 무엇인지 파악하고자 한다. 특히 기독교대안학교들이 공통적으로 가지고 있는 역량교육의 목표가 무엇이고 역량의 요소는 무엇인지 찾아내서 향후 기독교대안학교의 질적인 성장에 기여하고자 한다. 결론 및 제언 : 본 연구를 통해 기독교대안학교에서 추구하는 역량교육의 목표 4개와 역량요소 20개를 발견하였다. 역량교육의 목표와 요소를 유형화하면 하나님과의 관계, 자신과의 관계, 타인 및 세상과의 관계로 구분할 수 있다. 결론적으로 기독교대안학교가 특수성을 기반으로 하는 기독교교육의 보편적 목적을 추구하는 교육을 해야 하며 교육과정에 역량교육의 목표와 요소를 반영하여야 할 것을 제안하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2021

최근 전자서명법 개정으로 인해 공인인증서(현. 공동인증서) 지위가 만료됨에 따라 전자서명 기반의 공인인증서도 주민등록번호 대체수단에서 지휘가 상실되었다. 이로 인해 공인인증기관들은 방송통신위원회로부터 주민등록번호 대체수단 기반의 본인확인기관 지정심사를 통해 본인확인서비스 제공 기관으로 최근 지정받은 바 있다. 하지만, 기존의 주민등록번호 대체수단인 아이핀, 휴대폰, 그리고 신용카드들과 달리 인증서 발급 신청자의 신원확인 절차가 기존 대체수단들과는 상이한 부분이 존재하고 있다. 특히, 발급 신청자의 신원을 등록대행기관이 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전자서명 기반의 본인확인서비스 제공 시 대체수단 발급 과정에서 신원확인, 허무인 확인, 신원보증인 확인 등에 대한 개선방안들을 제안한다. 제안한 방안은 전자서명 기반의 본인확인서비스에 적용함으로써 이용자 개인정보보호와 보편·타당하고 안전한 본인확인서비스 제공이 가능함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1993년도 제3회 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.2-2
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• 1993

Inference for discrete event simulations usually relies on either independent replications or, if each simulation run is expensive, the method of batch means applied to a single replications. We present a new method, threshold bootstrap, which equals or exceeds the performance of independent replications or batch means. The method works by resampling runs of data created when a stationary time series crosses a threshold level, such as the sample mean of series. Computational results show that the threshold bootstrap matches or exceeds the performance of these alternative methods in estimating the standard deviation of the sample mean and producing valid confidence intervals.