• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of Celtis choseniana Nakai (C. choseniana) as complementary herbal medicine to ameliorate androgenic alopecia (AGA). The effects of C. choseniana on AGA were evaluated using testosterone propionate-induced AGA mouse model and dihydrotestosterone-treated human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. In vivo, C. choseniana treatment deactivated androgen signaling by reducing the concentration of serum dihydrotestosterone level and expressions of 5α-reductase 2 and androgen receptor. Next, C. choseniana treatment increased the hair regrowth rate. Histological studies demonstrated that C. choseniana induced the anagen phase in testosterone propionate-induced AGA mouse model. Cellular proliferation was promoted by C. choseniana treatment via increasing the expression of proliferation factors, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1. Furthermore, C. choseniana treatment increased the expression of proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, dickkopf-1, a Wnt inhibitor, was downregulated with C. choseniana treatment. Likewise, C. choseniana treatment promoted cellular proliferation in vitro. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of C. choseniana on androgen-induced AGA. Moreover, C. choseniana induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, resulting in prolonged anagen and cellular proliferation. Therefore, we suggest that C. choseniana can be used as a therapeutic agent to alleviate AGA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1345-1354
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• 2016

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common and tissue-specific autoimmune disease of hair follicle resulting in the loss of hair on the scalp and elsewhere on the body. Hair follicles is a unique organ because it has its own immune system and hormonal milieu and has a different immune state at each hair cycle stage. The collapses of anagen-dependent hair follicle immune privilege arise autoimmune attack, inducing ectopic MHC class I expression in the hair follicle epithelium and autoantigen presentation to autoreactive CD8+T cells, which results in AA. Clinical and experimental studies have pointed that psychological stress may also influence the hair follicle immune/hormone systems and contribute to the induction of AA. The key pathogenesis of AA is associated with immune privilege guardians (including ACTH, ${\alpha}-MSH$, and $TGF-{\beta}$), natural killer group 2D-positive (NKG2D+) cells (including NK and CD8+T cells), and stress hormones (including CRH and substance P). Effective treatments for AA are still demanded. One of the future targets of treatment will be the modification of hair follicle immune privilege including stress. Recent studies have reported that JAK inhibitors and immunomodulators used in other autoimmune disease, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis, Tregs, platelet-rich plasma therapy, statins, and prostaglandin anaolgues are effective for AA. Here the article reviews the recent understanding in the pathogenesis associated with perifollicular endocrine/immunology and new treatments of AA.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Purpose: It is generally believed that alopecia is caused by various factors such as scars, stress, genetical factors, androgens, etc. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common cause of alopecia and found mainly in males. Propecia (Merck & Co., USA) and Minoxidil (McNEIL-PPC, Inc, USA) were the drugs approved from FDA for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Surgical treatments such as flap, tissue expansion, scalp reduction and hair transplantation can be considered if necessary. Hair micrograft techniques were developed for natural hair shapes and minimal adverse effect. There were attempts to measure the length of the forehead of the Korean young adults. However attempts to classify the shape and location of forehead hairline were rare. This study attempted to find out standard hairlines of young adults in their 20s & 30s and the result would be the guideline of the hairline in hair replacement surgery of male patients in their 40s & 50s. Methods: 200 male adults in 20s and 30s were photographed and measured the length of 11 vertical index lines to determine hairline. The indexes are the distances from hairline to intercanthal midpoint (A), to medial canthus (B), to upper eyelid fissure (C), to lower eyelid fissure (D), to lateral canthus (E) and distance from lateral highest point to medial lowest point, if the hairline is M-shape (F). Additionally, we classified the hairlines into 4 groups, M, horizontal, inverted U and irregular shapes. Results: The most common hairline of male adults in their 20s is inverted U-shape (53.3%), followed by horizontal-shape, M-shape, irregular-shape. In their 30s, inverted U-shape (59%) is followed by irregular-shape, M-shape, horizontal-shape. The M-shape is more frequently found in males in 30s than those in 20s. The mean values of the indexes in their 20s are as follows: A (76.14 mm), B (Rt: 75.78 mm, Lt:76.41 mm), C (Rt: 69.43 mm, Lt: 69.92 mm), D (Rt: 76.92 mm, Lt:77.46 mm), E (Rt: 64.16 mm, Lt: 64.73 mm), F (4.09 mm). Those in their 30s are as follows: A (76.13 mm), B (Rt: 76.114 mm, Lt: 76.02 mm), C (Rt: 69.87 mm, Lt: 70.37 mm), D (Rt: 77.37 mm, Lt: 77.58 mm), E (Rt: 69.63 mm, Lt: 69.85 mm), F (6.14 mm). Conclusion: The knowledge about human body measurement is indispensable to plastic surgeons. In this study, inverted U shape is the most common type of hairline in 30s, and similar distribution is found in 20s. The percentage of M shape in their 30s is elevated more than 10% compared to that in their 20s. The study of hairline shapes and 11 indexes of hairlines can be useful for planning of the hair transplantation and postoperative evaluation. This study being based on photogrammetry, there may be differences between actual distance of curved face and projected distance on flat photographs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.389-393
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• 2014

Medical records of 48 pet ferrets that underwent adrenalectomy were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the frequency and clinical outcomes of adrenal diseases in pet ferrets. These diseases were most commonly diagnosed in ferrets aged 3 to 5 years and in neutered females (58.3%). Adrenal disease occurred most frequently in the left adrenal gland (72.9%), followed by involvement of both adrenal glands (16.7%) and the right adrenal gland (10.4%). The mean sizes (length * thickness) of the adrenal glands as determined by ultrasonography were 8.96 * 5.08 mm and 12.91 * 8.26 mm for the left and right adrenal glands, respectively. In the ferrets with adrenal disease, alopecia (82.2%) was the main presenting clinical signs in both sexes, and vulvar swelling was seen in 32.1% of the females with adrenal disease. The common incidental findings included renal cysts (29.2%) and splenomegaly (25.0%). Histological findings showed pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and hyperplasia in 44.7%, 14.9%, and 12.8% of cases, respectively. The survival rates at 1- and 2- years after surgery were 87.5% and 74.0%, respectively. Alopecia and vulvar swelling improved within an average of 3.4 months and 12 days after surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

Hair is the part of body which expresses man into more manlike. When we create some artworks, we need the most suitable material for the artworks. Similarity, the healthy scalp hair condition and treatment are required to keep our hair clean and healthy. And the improper condition of scalp hair prohibits our hair from normal growing, proceeds the alopecia(loss of hair) and double our physical and mental stresses. The necessity of health treatment of scalp hair which was damaged by frequent permanent hair wave and hair coloring is on the rise. This study will present how to control and treat the scalp hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment. This study finally shows that people think their scalp hair conditions are not normal and chemically treated hair in spite of their natural hair. However, most people think that the scalp hair treatment is very useful to their hair and this result enables us to predict the future market of the scalp hair treatment business will be growing day by day. We need to study further not only scalp hair treatment but also prevention stage in order to keep the healthy hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to report the improvement in two patients with different complaints of sleep disorder treated with herbal medication based on the Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS), and hypothesize the meaning of word '更'. Methods : According to DPIDS, patients were diagnosed with Taeyang-byung no. 29 provision, and took Gamchogungang-tang herb medication 15 or 90days. The results of administration were evaluated by the hyperhidrosis disease severity scale (HDSS) and the visual analog scale (VAS). Results : After administration of Gamchogungang-tang 15 or 90days, based on 29 provision of Gamchogungang-tang diagnosed according to Shanghanlun provisions, in one case the HDSS decreased from 3 to 1 and the VAS decreased from 10 to 1. In the other case, the VAS decreased from 10 to 1. Conclusions : Each patient not only recovered from symptoms of hyperhidrosis and alopecia areata, but also from sleep disorders following administration of a single medication of Gamchogungang-tang. This case report suggests that the word '更' in the 29 provisions of Shanghanlun means sleep disorder in this case.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

In Korean folk medicine, several herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Persicae Semen, Salviae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Zanthoxyli Fructus, Ginseng Radix Alba, Cnidii Rhizoma, and Carthami Flos, are known to enhance blood circulation and have wound healing or anti-inflammatory effects. These pharmacological actions prompted us to investigate whether these herbs might stimulate hair growth. Thus, using a mixture of their extracts called SPELA 707, we investigated their effects and found that SPELA 707 possessed significant hair cycle converting activity from the telogen phase to the anagen phase in C3H mice. Furthermore, we found that SPELA 707 enhanced the hair density in subjects with hair loss and also promoted the conversion of hair into the anagen phase in subjects with androgenetic alopecia. In addition, hair growth promotion effect of SPELA 707 occurred through inhibition of steroid $5{\alpha}$-reductase activity, which is known to block hair growth. Taken together, these results suggest that SPELA 707 has a potential to be used for the treatment of hair loss.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.429-437
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• 2014

Product promotion App is developed using an interactive video in order to overcome the existing ATL marketing limitations and to respond to target age groups and lifestyle changes. The product promotion App which is positioned as a smart care center by analyzing customer needs with the Customer Journey Map, is comprised of 3 categories such as interest, information and management reflecting media characteristics of smart mobile contents. It intends to induce viral promotions with comical and interactive alopecia simulator directly described by a specialist doctor which ensures reliability of products. In addition, it is made for customers to continuously manage the alopecia through management tools, and company can expect an effect of being used as a core tool for marketing activities by offering promotional information along with product feedbacks.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2000

Vascularized tissue coverage is necessary for treatment of soft tissue defect with bone and tendon exposure on hand and foot dorsum, which cannot be successfully covered with simple skin graft or local flap. The temporal fascia is one of the most ideal donor for coverage of soft tissue defect of dorsum of hand or foot in term of ultra-thin, pliable and highly vascular tissue. Also, this flap offers the advantage of a well-concealed donor site in the hair-bearing scalp and smooth tendon gliding. We have experienced 11 cases of reconstruction for soft tissue defect in the hand or foot using temporal fascial flap with skin graft. All cases survived completely and we could gain satisfactory functional results. There were no specific complications except one donor site alopecia We think that the free temporal fascial flap coverage is a highly reliable method for soft tissue defect in hand and foot dorsum. However, the potential pitfalls is secondary alopecia and requirement of skin graft after its transfer.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2016

Background: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most distressing side effects for patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study evaluated the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on CIA in a well-established in vitro human hair follicle organ culture model as it occurs in vivo. Methods: We examined whether KRG can prevent premature hair follicle dystrophy in a human hair follicle organ culture model during treatment with a key cyclophosphamide metabolite, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Results: 4-HC inhibited human hair growth, induced premature catagen development, and inhibited proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. In addition, 4-HC increased p53 and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl2 protein expression. Pretreatment with KRG protected against 4-HC-induced hair growth inhibition and premature catagen development. KRG also suppressed 4-HC-induced inhibition of matrix keratinocyte proliferation and stimulation of matrix keratinocyte apoptosis. Moreover, KRG restored 4-HC-induced p53 and Bax/Bcl2 expression. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that KRG may protect against 4-HC-induced premature catagen development through modulation of p53 and Bax/Bcl2 expression.