• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제36권
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• pp.181-226
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• 2003

In archeological aspects the 4th-6th centuries of the Silla kingdom has been callded the era of wooden chamber tombs with pebble and earth mounds(jeokseokmokwakbun). Moreover, the era is also regarded the age of the traditional and 'primitive' Korean religion which originated from inside the Korean Peninsula or the kingdom. However, the tombs and their burial accessories reveal that it is Taoism, not shamanism, that prevailed throughout the silla kingdom and its people during the jeokseokmokwakbun period. Above all things, almost all of the tombs excavated up to date yield in great quantities cinnabar and mica, which have been considered the best elixir of life in the Taoist world. Moreover the instruments to make the medicine for the deceased has been founded inside a tomb. The jeokseokmokwakbun tombs are famous for their great amount of buried articles and their grand scale. The tombs also have a large amount of gold, silver and beads, which are all thought to be the other cure-alls in taoism. Then why the silla people made the tombs and buried those elixirs of life for the deceased? The best answer we can imagine is this : for eternal living! In other words, cinnabar and mica are for the everlasting life of the deceased, the tombs were desingned as the 'eternal house' where the dead are living a immortal life. Needless to say, immortal living, even after he or she dies, is the ultimate purpose of taoism.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 1996

김등과 Kim등이 재발한 공정묘 생산용 풍동을 사용하여, 인공광하의 묘개체군내외에서 기온, 상대습도 및 포차(vapour pressure deficit) 등의 미기상 특성에 미치는 기류속도의 효과를 분석하였다. 기온차의 최고치가 초장 근처에서 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 공정묘의 생육이 진행될수록 더욱 분명하게 나타났다. 묘개체군 내부에서는 배지 또는 엽으로부터의 증발산으로 인하여 개체군 외부에서의 기온에 비해서 0.7-l.4$^{\circ}C$ 정도 낮게 나타났는데, 기류속도가 낮을수록 기온차가 높게 나타났다. 묘개체군 내부의 상대습도 분포에 미치는 기류속도의 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 기류속도가 증가할수록 묘개체군 내외에서의 상대습도차는 작게 나타났는데, 이것은 기류속도의 증가에 따라 엽에서의 water potential이 감소되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 배지표면으로부터의 높이가 증가함에 따라 포차가 증가하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 수증기 유속의 흐름이 상방향으로 이루어짐을 의미하는 것이다. 생육단계에 따른 포차의 변화는 엽면적 지수가 클수록 수직방향으로의 기울기가 크게 나타났다. 한편, 후부에서의 상대습도 및 포차는 중앙부에서 보다 약간 낮게 나타났다. 기류속도에 따라 묘개체군의 수직방향 및 기류진행방향으로 기온, 상대습도 및 포차의 기울기가 크게 나타났는데, 이러한 미기상 요소의 기울기는 묘개체군의 불균일 생장을 초래할 수 있다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2016

This study attempted to analyze trends of structural changes in the front middle part of men's underwear and get basic data for the development of men's underwear patterns. In terms of a research method, the structure and pattern of the front middle part of men's underwear were analyzed by referring to the design and description of the drawing, focusing on men's underwear which targeted to isolate penis from scrotum among the 'men's underwear' or 'functional men's underwear'-related patents. According to the study, three topics were obtained as follows: a support attached to the inside of the front middle part; inner cloth attached to the inside of the front middle part; change in the structure of the front middle panel. The aspects by the specific topic targeted to isolate penis from scrotum and prevent the scrotum from adhered to a thigh are as follows: 1) When a support is attached to the inside of the front middle part, the following three methods are proposed: Penis isolated from scrotum by a rest which is designed using the band; penis and scrotum rested in the band and in a pocket respectively; protruded rest inside the front middle part of the underwear. 2) When an inner cloth is attached to the inside of the front middle part, the following methods are designed: A pocket-type inner cloth is attached; isolation of penis hole from the scrotum pocket using a rectangular separator; U-shaped pocket designed to rest penis and scrotum is attached. 3) Regarding change in the structure of the front middle panel, the integration of penis and scrotum resting parts can be divided into two cases: Securing a space using wrinkles; keeping it voluminous using the vertical line. In this all-in-one penis and scrotum-holding type, in addition, different front panel patterns were applied.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1999

깨끗한 모래로 채워진 4개의 16갤론 크기 드럼통에 주물 파이프가 설치되었고 각 파이프에는 3개의 styrene butadiene rubber gasket(1개의 joint와 2개의 end caps)을 장치하였다. 각 파이프는 상수로 채워 내부의 압력을 약 40psi로 유지하였다. 첫 번째 드럼은 일정량의 휘발유로, 두 번째 드럼은 pyrene과 naphthalene을 포함한 휘발유로, 세 번째 드럼은 toluene으로 채워졌고, 네 번째 드럼은 대조군으로 사용되었다. 외부 오염물질의 이동에 의한 오염을 조사하기 위해 일정 간격으로 파이프 내의 물을 약 2년 간 조사하였다. 오염 물질이 투입된 3개의 드럼에서 약 100일 후부터 유기 오염 물질이 검출되었고 외부에 채워진 유기물이 고갈될 때까지 계속적으로 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 이미 오염된 물을 깨끗한 물로 청소한 후에도 오염된 gasket에 남아있는 유기물질이 유출되어 파이프 내의 물이 쉽게 오염되었으며 약 10일 후에는 청소 이전의 농도로 검출되어 gasket에 의한 오염이 오래 동안 지속되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.423-426
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• 2006

Distance relays achieve selective tripping by measurement of all short circuit fault conditions inside set reaches. The direction of the fault, forward or reverse is commonly determined with a dedicated measurement to ensure selectivity under all conditions. For the direction decision (measurement) a number of alternatives are available. This paper describes a loop selective direction measurement and illustrates by means of a typical fault why this is superior to a non loop selective direction measurement such as that based on negative sequence quantities.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2007

동해 울릉분지에서 봄과 여름 동안 난수성 시계방향 와류가 영양염과 엽록소에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서, 2005년 7월과 2006년 4월에 5개 정점에서 표층부터 수심 200 m까지 수온, 염분, 영양염, 엽록소 등을 관측하였다. 봄에는 와류 내부해역에서 표층 혼합층의 깊이가 150 m 이상으로 매우 깊은 반면, 외부해역에서는 $20{\sim}60$ m로 비교적 얕았다. 와류 내부해역에서 수직혼합이 활발히 일어나 표층해수에 영양염이 풍부한 반면, 외부해역에서는 표층에서 성층화가 생겨 심층에서 표층으로 영양염 공급이 충분하지 않아 농도가 낮았다. 봄에는 와류 내부해역에서 표층 혼합층 깊이가 유광층 깊이보다 훨씬 더 깊어서 엽록소 농도가 낮았으며, 와류 외부해역에서 측정한 총 엽록소(depth-integrated chlorophyll) 양은 내부해역에서 측정한 것보다 보다 두 배 이상 높았다. 여름에는 봄과 달리 모든 정점에서 표층 성층화가 강하게 발생하여, 영양염이 표층에서 완전히 고갈되었다. 여름에 관측한 엽록소는 모든 정점 수심 30 m 내외에서 최고 농도를 나타내어, 아표층 엽록소 최대(subsurface chlorophyll maximum)를 보였으며, 와류 내부해역에서 측정한 총 엽록소 양은 외부해역에서 측정한 것보다 두 배가량 높았다. 동해 울릉분지에서 거의 매해 나타나는 시계방향 와류는 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 매우 큰 영향을 미치는데, 그 영향이 봄과 여름에 다르게 나타났다; 봄에는 시계방향 와류가 식물플랑크톤 생물량을 제한하는 반면, 여름에는 반대로 식물플랑크톤 생물량을 증가시킨다.

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한관절경학회 2007년도 제17차 추계학술대회 심포지움
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• pp.8-8
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• 2007

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회 2003년도 제13차 학술대회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1188-1193
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• 2005

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of two housing systems on physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep in a semi-arid region of India. Two types of housing management were adopted. First was a shed- $6{\times}3\;m^2$ structure with all the four sides of 1.8 m chain link fencing with a central height of 3 m. The roof was covered with asbestos sheets and with mud floorings. Second was an open corral- $6{\times}3\;m^2$ open space with all the four sides covered with 1.8 m chain link fencing. Thirty-four (32 ewes and 2 rams) sheep of native Malpura breed aged about 18 months (body weight 28 kg ewes; 35 kg rams) were grazed together on a 35 ha plot of native range. All the sheep were grazed as a flock from 08.00 to 17.00 h during a yearlong study. The flock was divided into two groups (16 ewes+1 ram) in the evening and housed as per the systems (Shed and Open Corral). Dry and wet temperatures were recorded at 06.00 h and 21.00 h using a wet and dry bulb-thermometer both inside the shed and in the open corral and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in the THI between shed and open corral in all the seasons, indicating that shed was always warmer compared to open corral. Rectal temperature (RT) of both the groups of sheep was similar during morning as well as evening throughout the seasons. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the skin temperature (ST) and respiration rate (RR) between the two groups at both the measurements in all the seasons. Highest energy expenditure (EE) was recorded inside the shed at 21.00 h (224 kJ/h) during monsoon and lowest at 6.00 h during winter (119 kJ/h). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the EE inside the shed and that in the open corral. It was concluded that housing had significant effects on the physiological responses and EE of sheep. Provision of housing at night was stressful during monsoon (with less rainfall) and summer, whereas it was protecting the sheep from acute cold during winter in a semi-arid region of India.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권26호
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• pp.141-164
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• 2005

Most of the stone cultural properties is exposed to the weathering factor(rain, windetc.), so the shelter is constructed for reduction of its direct effect. But the shelter is indicated some problems that inharmoniousness of the surroundings, in section disturbance for insufficiency of light, the loss about the value of cultural properties and so on. So we have investigated on environmental condition (temperature, relative humidity, wind etc.) at the Standing Stone Buddhist Triad in Bae-ri, Gyeongju and Rock-carved Triad Buddha in Seosan because check the effect of the shelter. As the result, the Standing Stone Buddhist Triad in Bae-ri, Gyeongju is located a pine wood and a lot of bamboo grow naturally in nearing. Environmental difference on inside and outside of the shelter is not found because opened on all sides. But there is so dim for the direction of the sunlight that can't see the Standing Stone Buddhist. The base rock of Rock-carved Triad Buddha in Seosan well develop with crack and break, and the vegetation(trees, moss, lichen etc.) grow naturally in surroundings. Environmental difference on inside and outside of the shelter is found because closed on all sides and opened the front gate only inspection time. Inside of the shelter was too calm(air-velocity not detected) and humid(over 75%RH). Also the surface is occurred the dew(at 2-4 pm) and the efflorescence for effect of the water(rain, dew etc.). Besides the head of the central Buddhist is so dangerous for crack.