• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1974

1973년(年) 5월(月) 15일(日)부터 동년(同年) 6월(月) 16일(日)까지 약(約) 1개월간(個月間)에 걸쳐 광주시내(光州市內)에 근무(勤務)하고 있는 초(初) 중(中) 고교사(高敎師)와 은행원(銀行員) 및 행정공무원(行政公務員) 등(等) 봉급대상자(俸給對象者) 400명(名)을 조사대상(調査對象)으로 끽연(喫煙) 및 음주(飮酒)에 관(關)한 태도(態度)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 끽연자(喫煙者)가 144명(名)(36.%), 비끽연자(非喫煙者)는 256명(名)(64.0%)이며 성별(性別) 끽연율(喫煙率)은 여자(女子)가 1명(名)(0.7%)이고 남자(男子)는143명(名)(54.3%)이었다. 2. 끽연자(喫煙者)의 1일(日) 끽연량(喫煙量)은 권연(卷煙) $11{\sim}20$개비를 피우는 자(者)가 59.0%로 과반수(過半數)이었고 10개비 이하(以下)가 36.8%, $21{\sim}30$개비를 피우는 자(者)가 1.4%로 나타났다. 3. 음주자(飮酒者)가 175명(名)(43.7%), 비음주자(非飮酒者)가 225명(名)(56.3%)이었으며 성별(性別)로는 남성(男性)이 63.8%, 여성(女性)이 2.7%였다. 4. 일회(一回) 음주량(飮酒量)은 5합(合) 이하(以下)가 114명(名)(65.1%)으로 과반수(過半數)이었고 $6{\sim}10$합(合) 정도(程度)가 37명(名)(21.1%), $11{\sim}20$합(合) 정도(程度)가 10.3%, 20합이상(合以上) 2.9%이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.471-482
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• 2004

Purpose: This study intended to identify personality factors and related problematic behaviors of adolescents who drink alcohol in order to provide basic data for developing nursing programs. Methods: The data were collected from October to December 2002 from 1.080 high school students in Seoul. The Revised Cloninger's Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to measure their personalities. The alcohol expectancy was measured using the tool revised by Cho (1999) and stress levels were measure using a stress tool revised Cho (1998). The data were analyzed with SPSS Windows using Chi square test. independent t-test. and logistic regression analysis. Results: 1. The percentage of fathers who drank was 79.8%. mothers. 54.3%. and friends. 54.3%. The alcohol expectancy averaged 6.36 while the stress levels were 132.79. 2. It was found that there are significant differences (p<.001) in problematic drinking behaviors according to the following variables: second year high school students among all grade variables, more monthly pocket money for the amount of money variables, the group of students who smoked in the case of the variable related to smoking, spending more time using the Internet for the Internet use variable, and having friends who drink 65.6% for the friend variable. The alcohol expectancy scale of those students who showed problematic drinking behaviors was higher than that of those who did not. There are four family-related stress subscales, and there was a significant difference among them (p<.05). Among the personal characteristics, the group who displayed problematic drinking behaviors seeks new experiences and reward dependence more than the group who did not exhibit those behaviors, and there were significant differences between the two groups (p<.001). 3. When the socio-demographic and drinking-related factors were controlled, the tendency of seeking new experiences increased the risk of problematic behaviors 1.07 times (p<.05). Compared to the non smoking group, the smoking group was found to have a 5.06 time (p<.001) greater risk of displaying problematic drinking behaviors. In comparison with the non drinking group, the drinking group was also found to have a 5.31 time (p<.001) greater risk of exhibiting problematic drinking behaviors. The group with high alcohol expectancy scores was significantly different from the group with the no alcohol expectancy, showing a 1.26 time (p<.00l) greater risk of problematic drinking behaviors. Conclusions: Based on these results, the problematic drinking behaviors were connected with alcohol expectancies, friends and personality types. Therefore, we should develop an alcoholic prevention program for adolescence considering the above results.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2004

This report describes 61 studies related to the use of Semen Armeniacae Amarum main blended prescriptions from Donguibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Semen Armeniacae Amarum as a key ingredient. Semen Armeniacae Amarum blended prescriptions are utilized for 16 therapeutic purposes, for example, in symptoms of cough, excrements, wind, and pediatrics. In particular, 52.46% of the prescriptions appear in the chapter of cough, and 9.84% of those appear in the chapter of excrements. Prescriptions that utilize Semen Armeniacae Amarum as the main ingredient are used in the treatment of cough, asthma, lung disease, and constipation, and they are also used for treating 15 different types of diseases. Semen Armeniacae Amarum is used in pathogenic factors such as wind, wind with cold, and wind with moisture, in pathologies related to lung and digestive systems, and in those related to weakness, extravasated blood, and alcoholic drink-food. The actual amount of Semen Armeniacae Amarum blended has ranged at a wide variety of amounts from 5 pun to 5 don. 47.62% of the prescriptions used 1 don. When Semen Armeniacae Amarum is combined with base prescriptions such as Samyotang, Banhaenghwan, ljintang, etc and Herba Ephedrae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, it ceases cough and asthma. In addition, when Semen Armeniacae Amarum is combined with Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii and Fructus Cannabis, it brings a relief in constipation.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and nutritional status of university male freshman in Chungnam area. The total of 111 subjects took part in the study and, they were observed general characteristics, alcohol consumption status, and nutrient intake using questionnaires. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 19.3 years, 174.3㎝, 65.2㎏, and 21.5㎏/$m^2$ respectively. The mean alcohol consumption, and energy intake from alcohol were 7.8g/day, 55.3kcal/day. A significant number of subjects(48.2%) answered their frequency of alcohol consumption was once 2 weeks. Only 4.6% of subjects answered never drink. In almost subjects, alcohol consumption have been stared since they were adolescents, and major type of alcoholic beverage was 'soju'. The mean energy intake was 1985.6kcal and, energy ratio from carbohydrate, protein, fat was 58 : 15 : 27. There were significantly positive correlation among alcohol consumption and, body weight(p<0.05), intake of food, (p<0.05), energy(p<0.001), animal fat(p<0.05), fiber(p<0.05), vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and niacin(p<0.05). The alcohol consumption period showed a significantly positive correlation with alcohol consumption per one time(p<0.05). In summary, high consumption of alcohol in subjects was observed. Also, increase of alcohol consumption was related to weight gain and nutritional imbalance. Therefore, it is need that nutrition education for prevention of high alcohol consumption in university freshman and adolescents.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

Rural tourism village experience is proceeded quantitatively without distinct characteristic. This research aimed at analyzing the experience and utilizing in the establishment of differentiation and contents development. Type of experience activity was classified as 10 types in Level 1 and 0~4 types in Level 2. As the result of analyzing 3,007 experiences in 168 villages, types of experience activity implemented per 1 village was 17.9. Among them, ecological experience type appeared to be the most, and appeared in order of food, agriculture farming experience. In respect of agriculture farming experience, 'harvest and utilization' was analyzed to be the highest, and regarding rural farmhouse living experience displayed 'farmhouse living' experience the highest. Tradition courtesy experience displayed 'traditional culture' experience the highest, and rural food experience was analyzed to implement 'food making' experience the most. Ecological experience mainly consisted of 'hunting and collecting' and 'observation/learning', in case of play experience, 'traditional play' experience activity was analyzed to be performed the most. Considering utilization material, it appeared in order of 'rice', 'sweet potato', 'potato', 'corn', 'chili', 'agricultural implement', 'farmhouse', 'animal', 'culture', 'history', 'rice cake', 'alcoholic drink', 'tofu', 'kimchi', etc. The place of ecological experience was performed in the forest the most, and lots of experience was performed in stream, valley, and river. The researcher expects that characteristic experience activity will be developed based on this result, by avoiding doubleness of the experience activity among the regions and the villages.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.721-732
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior and late-night eating habit of university students in Daejeon. Questionnaires were collected from 432 students and statistically analyzed according to residence type. One thirds of students took meals irregularly and skipped breakfast because of no time. Both Relative self-boarding and dormitory boarding group skipped breakfast more frequently than home group(p<0.01). The carbonated drink was most frequently chosen during late-night eating. The most favorite alcoholic beverage was soju and 54.7% of students drank soju 1~2 times per week near campus. Almost half of them took late-night foods 1~2 times per week at home(51.8%), near campus(25.8%), near home(15.6%), down town(6.9%). The percentage of late-night eating near campus was higher in dormitory boarding group than both home group and relative self-boarding group(p<0.001). Late-night foods were selected based on taste in 1~2 man won and enjoyed with 2~3 friends until 12 pm. The more in relative self-boarding group chose late-night foods based on taste than both home and dormitory boarding group(p<0.05). The main intake method for late-night foods was delivery. The results of this study suggest that nutritional education is required for relative self-boarding group to change dietary behavior and to select proper late-night foods for their health.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2010

This research was focused on observing the effect of Makgeolli's selection attributes on customer satisfaction, recommendation intention, and repurchase intention. The purpose of this study was to examine to present a marketing-related suggestion by finding the components that needs to be discussed in order to satisfy the customer and lead to positive word of mouth and repurchasing in the perspective of a corporation. The evidence to achieve the research purpose can be summarized as below. To begin with, the causes of Makgeolli's selection attributes were classified into 9 types, which are design and ad image, expertise and tradition, drinking experience and in harmony with food, taste and freshness, materials and origin, brand image, flavor and color, alcoholic and nutrition, and finally price and recommendation. And it showed up that the average importance of the taste and freshness is the highest. Moreover, the study on the Makgeolli's state of being potable showed up that the drinking number was no more than once a month, and one drink was almost all less than a bottle. The drinking place was usually tavern, and word of mouth was the most often used information medium that contacted Makgeolli. The potential of the Makgeolli's globalization is 80.6% which added positive and very positive, that enables us to infer that the Makgeolli's global dependency is very high. Third, from the 9 types of classification mentioned before, taste and freshness, and price and recommendation were proved to be influential in satisfaction, and recommendation is affecting the repurchase intention and the recommendation intention.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2011

An exploratory study was conducted in Gopalganj, a southern district of Bangladesh to explore the role of wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestris Roxb.) husbandry in the rural economy. A total of 36 households in the study area were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. A multistage sampling method with 10% intensity and a semi-structured questionnaire were used for the study. Based on the land holding capacity of the households, the farmers were categorized into five groups as landless, marginal, small, medium, and large. The date palm was distributed over seven different habitats of which roadside support the highest value (31%) followed by agricultural field and orchard (25% each). Though the large category farmers own most of the palms (43%), a considerable portion (562 individuals out of 1980) of it is managed by the landless farmers, who earn a substantial livelihood from the palms. The farmers manage the palm mainly for juice production; juice is either used fresh as drink or after some sort of processing as molasses and/or alcoholic beverage. Date palm husbandry contributes 32,601 Tk., 21,107 Tk., 20,626 Tk., 29,574 Tk. and 35,335 Tk. respectively to the five group seasonally and 50,980 Tk., 77,556 Tk., 90,208 Tk., 112,560 Tk., 140,675 Tk. respectively annually (1 US$ = 70 Tk.). Date palm trees contribute 65.48% of mean annual income to landless farmers followed by 27.21% to marginal farmers. However the poor marketing system result in decreasing the annual return from palm trees. Palm husbandry could be a promising source of rural incomes in Bangladesh if the farmers' traditional management knowledge was linked to more scientific management practices.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.284-294
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• 2020

고전압 펄스 전기장 기술은 전기 에너지를 활용한 친환경적 비가열 공정 기술로서 꾸준히 업계의 관심을 받고 있다. 장치에 대한 이해의 부족과 장비가격에 대한 부담으로 실제 상업적 적용이 크게 증가하지 않고 있으나 가열 공정을 대체할 수 있는 기술로서의 가능성은 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. PEF 공정을 이용한 식품의 살균은 지금까지는 대부분 과일 및 야채 주스 등 저점도의 액체 식품의 살균에 대해 적용되어 왔으나 최근에는 고점도의 스무디, 고농도 단백질 음료, 혼합 주스, 알코올 음료 등으로 적용 범위가 확대되었으며, 분말, 생육 등 고체 식품의 살균에 대한 연구도 진행되고 있다. 살균 이외에도 색소, 유용성분의 추출 및 회수, 생리활성물질의 활성화, 건조의 전처리 등의 식품 공정뿐만 아니라 씨앗의 발아율 증가, 육제품의 육질 변화, 전분의 물성 변화 등에 대한 적용이 연구되면서 기존의 식품 공정을 보완 또는 대체할 수 있는 기술로서 기대되고 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

본 연구는 1996년부터 대구광역시 달성군 보건소와 협동을 수행한 달성군 노인추적 조사(Dalsung Elderly Follow-up Study)의 일부 결과로 달성군내 거주하는 반 60~64세 남자노인 416명(44.1%), 여자노인 528명(55.9%)으로 총 944명을 대상으로 농촌 사회의 노인에서의 음주 양상과 고혈압과의 관계를 알아봄으로써 고혈압을 비롯한 심혈관계질환의 선행요인이 되는 음주의 건강 유해를 간접적으로 평가하고자하는 것으로 알콜소비양상과 혈압과의 관련성에서 음주의 양상이 혈압에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자한 것이다. 조사는 보건진료소의 간호사 및 간호조무사 자격취득 공무원이 직접 면담으로 일대일 면담형식으로 1996년 4월부터 9월 사이에 조사되었다. 분석결과를 식사 전 공복에 해장술을 먹는 사람의 분포, 일일 평균 음주량, 월 음주빈도, 1회 음주시 음주량, 선호하는 술의 종류, 음주기간 등 모두 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 성별, 연령별 수축기 및 확장기 혈압의 평균치를 살펴보면, 성별로 혈압의 차이는 없었다. 각 연령대별로 성별로 혈압을 64세에서, 확장기 혈압은 60세에서 유의한 차이가 64세에서, 확장기 혈압은 60세에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 같은 성에서 연령군별로 비료를 하였을 때, 남자에서는 수축기 혈압에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 여자에서는 수축기 혈압에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 음주자에서 음주양상에 따른 일평균 음주량 분포를 살펴보면 먼저 아침식사전 음주자 즉, 공복시 해장술 유무와 월 음주빈도, 일회음주량의 분포에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 선호하는 술의 종류, 음주기간 간에 일평균 음주량 분포도 유익한 차이가 있었다. 음주 행태에 따른 수축기 혈압 및 다른 공변수를 통제한 조정된 수축기 혈압을 비교하면 공변수 조정 선에서는 음주유무, 아침식사전 음주유무, 선호하는 음주의 종류, 등에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05) 공변수 조정후에는 음주유무, 아침식사전 음주에서만 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 음주 행태에 따른 공변수 조정전후 확장기 혈압을 살펴보면 조정전에서는 선호하는 음주 종류에서 유의한 차이는 있었으나(p<0.05), 공변수를 조정한 후에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 회귀분석 결과, 모형 1에서 수축기 혈압을 종속변수로 하였을 때 유의한 변수로 선택된 것은 연령, 교육수준 및 순환기계질환을 의미하는 과거 병력 등이었으며, 확장기 혈압에서는 교육수준, 체질량지수, 과거병력 등이었다. 모형 2에서 수축기 혈압을 종속변수로 하였을때 과거병력이 유의한 기여변수로 선택되었고, 확장기 혈압에서는 체질량지수와 과거병력이 유의한 변수로 도출되어 음주양상 변수는 선택되지 않았다. 선행연구에서 밝혀진 일일 음주량과 혈압과의 정의 관련성이 본 연구에서는 도출되지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과들은 지금까지 연구된 음주와 고혈압의 보건 및 임상적 관련성과는 다소 거리가 있는 결과를 보임으로 음주양상이 건강에 미치는 중요한 영향를 더욱 모호하게 한다. 따라서 추후 이러한 소견은 재검정되어야 할 필요가 있으므로 음주로 인한 혈압의 변화에 미치는 다양한 변수를 고려하고, 음주양상을 측정하고 분석하는 방법들을 도입한 연구들이 뒤따라야 할 것으로 판단된다.