• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2016

Purpose: We sought to examine the relationship between the clinical manifestations of nonspecific reactive hepatitis and respiratory virus infection in pediatric patients. Methods: Patients admitted to the pediatric unit of Konyang University Hospital for lower respiratory tract disease between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 and who underwent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests were examined. The patients were divided into those with increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and those with normal ALT or AST levels. Further, patients with increased ALT and AST levels were individually compared with patients in the normal group, and the blood test results were compared according to the type of respiratory virus. Results: Patients with increased ALT or AST levels had one more day of hospital stay, on average, compared with patients in the normal group ($5.3{\pm}3.1$ days vs. $4.4{\pm}3.0$ days, p=0.019). Patients in the increased ALT level group were younger and had a longer mean hospital stay, compared with patients in the normal group (p=0.022 and 0.003, respectively). The incidences of increased ALT or AST were the highest in adenovirus infections (6/24, 25.0%), followed by enterovirus (2/11, 18.2%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (21/131, 16.0%) infections. Conclusion: Nonspecific reactive hepatitis is more common among patients with adenovirus, enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection, as well as among those infected at a younger age. Compared with AST levels, ALT levels are better indicators of the severity of nonspecific reactive hepatitis.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

Purpose: With remarkable increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased, The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the increase liver enzymes, lipid levels and fasting blood glucose level in normal and obese children. Methods: A total of 2206 elementary students were grouped according to obesity index; normal group and obesity group(mild, moderate, severe). Aspartate aminotransferase(AST, SGOT) and alanine aminotrausferase(ALT, SGPT) were measured with tota1 cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose. Results: Compared with the 2.7% of ALT > 50 IU/L in normal group, obese groups showed significantly higher prevalence; 6.7% in mild obesity group, 11.8% in moderate group and 15.0% in severe group. The prevalence of hypertriglyceremia was 12,4% in normal weight group, which is significantly lower than obesity group(mild obesity group 24.8%, moderate and severe 32.1% each). Conclusion: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver increased along with severity of obesity. Of Nutritional assessment, intervention, and preferably prevention are necessary for health promotion elementary students.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Pyunggangaeuljihyul-tang (Pinggankaiyuzhixue-tang, PG) has a protective effect against cell injury induced by various toxic agents in rabbit liver, Methods : Cell injury in vitro was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and that in vivo was estimated by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum. Lipid peroxidation was examined by measuring malondialdehyde, a product of lipid per oxidation. Results : PG prevented the LDH release by $CCl_4$, mercury, menadione, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide treatment in vitro in liver slices. The extent of protection by 2% PG was similar to that of $10{\mu\textrm{M}}$ N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenedianline, a potent antioxidant, in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced LDH release. PG also prevented lipid peroxidation and depletion of cellular ATP induced by Hg. Hg causes motphological changes including cell necrosis and its effect was significantly prevented by PG. When rats were treated intraperitoneatly with 0.5 ml/kg of $CCl_4$, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased compared with the control, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of PG. PG also prevented reduction in GSH and lipid peroxidation induced by $CCl_4$ Conclusion : These results suggest that PG exerts aprotective effect against various toxic agents by its antioxidant action in liver tissues. Thus, PG may be used in prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver cell injury. However, the precise mechanisms of PG protection remain to be determined.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of natural Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar on the liver protective effect of animals exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar (200 mg/kg) was administered at the same time for 28 days, and hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride on the $29^{th}$ day. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar group compared to the control group. Histopathological observations showed that the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar showed hepatic cell structure similar to normal group, and these results showed that it had an effect of suppressing and protecting the damage of liver cell. Therefore, Eriobotrya japonical Lindl. vinegar is considered to be a healthy functional food of the liver.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1420-1426
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• 2019

This study was done to investigate the protective effects of ethanol extract Artemisiae vulgaris L(Av) on carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄)intoxicated rats. Male sprague Dawley rats(200~210g)was used. experimental groups were divided into normal group, CCl₄-control group, and ethanol extract CCl₄-treated group. CCl₄-treated groups were injected with CCl₄ 0.6mg/kg.b.w(i.p). The activities of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in extract pretrated group was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared to the CCl₄-control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipid peroxide were significantly decreased(p<0.05). whereas the contents of HDL-cholesterol and glutathione(GSH) were significantly increased(p<0.05). These results suggest that extract of Artemisiae vulgaris L(Av) has hepatoprotective effect in the CCl₄-intoxicated rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the preventive effect of water extracts from Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And each extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : 1. At first, we observed effects of Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang on hyperlipidemia induced by alcohol. Injinho-tang group showed significant decrease of triglyceride, body weight in comparison with those of the control group. Haninjinho-tang group showed significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglyceride in comparison with those of the control group. I 2. At second, we observed effects of Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang on liver damage induced by alcohol. lnjinho-tang group showed significant decrease of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. Haninjinho-tang group showed significant decrease of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang have pharmaceutical preventive efficacy on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.591-601
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• 2012

Olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus, were intraperitoneally challenged with Edwardsiella tarda or Streptococcus iniae or both bacteria simultaneously. The pathogenicity was respectively compared with blood chemical using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspatate aminotransferase (AST), glucose and total protein, lysozyme activity, bacterial number of kidney and spleen, histopathological change, and cumulative mortality. The tested group of coinfection showed increased cumulative mortality, bacterial number of kidney and spleen, AST and histopathological change, but not in lysozyme activity compared with others. This study provides support for the conclusion that simultaneous infection with Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae in a susceptible host results in higher pathogenicity, leading to the increment of bacterial number and the destruction of the internal organs.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2017

This study investigated physiological and hematological changes, expression of stress protein Hsp70 mRNA and oxygen consumption in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after exposing the fish at different temperature conditions (9, 12, 15, 18 and 21℃) for 24 and 48 hours. Hematological parameters including hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol and glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), NH₃, osmolality and total protein (TP) mostly exhibited significant changes at 9 and 12℃. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was also higher at 9 and 12℃ than at other temperatures. The measured oxygen consumptions were also lower at 9 and 12℃ than at 21℃. It is expected that the study results could be utilized as baseline data to control water temperature during long-distance transportation, e.g. for exporting olive flounder juveniles to overseas.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the correlation between the administration of various antiviral agents and the alternation of specific biomarkers induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Eligible subjects diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B were prescribed with antiviral drugs at the Gastroenterology Internal Medicine Department of E University Hospital in Daejeon between May 2004 and September 2009. Lamivudine was prescribed to 66 out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 6 (50.0%) showed a change from being HBe-antigen-positive to being HBe-antigen-negative. Of the 39 patients, 23 (59.0%) showed higher than 40 IU/L alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Of the 65 patients, 41 (63.1%) showed HBV DNA decrease of 1 log, and were prescribed with Lamivudine. Adefovir was prescribed to 3 out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 1 (8.3%) showed a change from being HBe-antigen-positive to being HBe-antigen-negative, and was prescribed with Adefovir. Entecavir was prescribed to 19 (19.0%) out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 3 (25.0%) showed a change from being HBe-antigen-positive to being HBe-antigen-negative. Of the 12 patients, 3 (125.8%) showed higher than 40 IU/L ALT. Of the 65 patients, 14 (21.5%) showed HBV DNA decrease of 1 log, and were prescribed with Entecavir. Clavudine was prescribed to 7 out of 100 patients. Of the 12 patients, 1 (8.3%) showed a change from positive HBe antigen to negative HBe antigen. Of the 39 patients, 5 (12.8%) showed higher than 40 IU/L ALT. Of the 65 patients, 6 (9.2%) showed HBV decrease of 1 log, and were prescribed with Clavudine. These results do not show a statistically significant correlation between drugs and biomarkers. Data on combination therapy using Lamivudine and Adefovir show no statistically significant difference between drugs and biomarkers. Medications for periodic inspection was not correlated to HBe-antigen-negative conversion, ALT, and HBV DNA. HBV DNA was significantly reduced in patients with high levels of AST(aspartic acid aminotransferase) and ALT before treatment. In addition, the decrease of HBV DNA after 12 months of treatment was less frequently observed in patients treated with Lamivudine compared with other drugs. This result is associated with Lamivudine resistance. Although the association of drugs with diagnostic markers and the correct choice of treatment is difficult to determine, these results may be useful for further research on diagnosis and treatment of the hepatitis B virus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 2005

This study has attempted to examine the effect of Artemisia princeps and A. argyi on liver function-related enzymes in rats with $CCl_4$ adminisration. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) from A. princeps were decreased by 33, 23 and $19\%$, respectively, compared to control. The activities of AST, ALT and ALP from A. argyi were decreased by 37, 33 and $26\%$, respectively. Total phenol contents were 10.2 mg/mL and 4.7 mg/mL in A. princeps, and A. argyi, respectively. Also, flavonoid contents were $6.1\;mg\%\;and\;3.6\;mg\%$ in A. princeps, and A. ar효i, respectively. Ethanol extract from A. argyi showed higher electron donating ability toward DPPH than A. princeps. A total of 31 volatile components(3 hydrocarbons, 10 terpenes, 5 carbonyls, 8 alcohols and 5 esters) were indentified in A. princeps, and A. argyi. The major volatile components of A. princeps were $\delta$-3-carene($2.2\%$) in terpenes and nerolidol($0.9\%$) in alcohols. The major volatile components of A. argyi were eugenol($1.4\%$) in alcohols and thyl pentadecanoate($1.1\%$) in esters.