• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 2006

In mobile communications, a class of variable-complexity algorithms for convolutional decoding known as sequential decoding algorithms is of interest since they have a computational time that could vary with changing channel conditions. The Fano algorithm is one well-known version of a sequential decoding algorithm. Since the decoding time of a Fano decoder follows the Pareto distribution, which is a heavy-tailed distribution parameterized by the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), buffers are required to absorb the variable decoding delays of Fano decoders. Furthermore, since the decoding time drawn by a certain Pareto distribution can become unbounded, a maximum limit is often employed by a practical decoder to limit the worst-case decoding time. In this paper, we investigate the relations between buffer occupancy, decoding time, and channel conditions in a system where the Fano decoder is not allowed to run with unbounded decoding time. A timeout limit is thus imposed so that the decoding will be terminated if the decoding time reaches the limit. We use discrete-time semi-Markov models to describe such a Fano decoding system with timeout limits. Our queuing analysis provides expressions characterizing the average buffer occupancy as a function of channel conditions and timeout limits. Both numerical and simulation results are provided to validate the analytical results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 1982

본 연구의 목적은 1. 방염 가공된 의류에 대한 소비자들의 인식도를 측정하고 2. 방염 관계 법규를 확대하여 12세 이상의 어린이나 기타 연령층에서도 방염 가공된 의류를 원하는지를 알아보고 3. 인산염계 방염 가공제 사용 금지 조치가 방염 가공 의류에 대한 소비자들의 기호도에 영향을 미쳤는지 알아보기로 하였다. Alabama, Tuscaloosa 시에 있는 국민학교와 유아원에 다니는 어린이의 학부모 230명에게 1979년 9월 26일 질문지를 배부하여 그 후 3일부터 10일까지 질문지를 회수여하 83장의 유효한 자료를 얻었다. 83명의 학부모를 Group 1: 유아원에 다니는 어린이의 부모 45명 Group 2: 국민학교에 다니는 어린이의 부모 38명으로 나누고, 두 Group의 각 목적에 대한 유의도를 알아보기 위하여 Cattell,s Profile Analysis를 하였다. 목적 1과 2에 대하여서는 Group 간의 유의도가 발견되지 않았으며 목적3에 대하여서는 Group 간의 유의도가 발견되었다. 목적 3의 각 항목에 대하여 t-tests를 행하였다. 결과에 의하면 응답자들은 1. 방염 가공된 잠옷이 시장에서 널리 팔리고 있음은 알고 있으나 방염가공에 관련된 관계법규에 대하여 완전히 이해하지 못하고 있었으며 2. 방염 가공에 관련된 법규를 확대하여 어린이나 노인층의 의복이 방염 가공되기를 원하고 있으며, 3. 시장에서 방염 가공된 의류와 방염 가공되지 않은 의류가 함께 진열되어서 선택할 수 있는 계기를 원하고 있으며, 4. 유아의 부모들이 국민학생의 부모보다 방염 가공의 해독성에 대한 정확한 지식을 갖고 있었다. 그러나 이들 모두가 인산염계 방염 가공제의 독성에 대한 정확한 지식은 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2002

An interesting recent application of intermolecular NOE experiment is the saturation transfer difference NMR(STD-NMR) method that is useful in screening compound libraries to identify bio-active ligands. This technique also identifies the group epitopes of the bound ligand in a reversibly forming protein-ligand complex. We present here a complete relaxation and conformational exchange matrix (CORCEMA) theory (Moseley et al., J. Magn. Reson. B, 108, 243-261 (1995)) applicable for the STD-NMR experiment. Using some ideal model systems we have analyzed the factors that influence the STD intensity changes in the ligand proton NMR spectrum when the resonances from some protons on the receptor protein are saturated. These factors will be discussed and some examples of its application in some model systems will be presented. This CORCEMA theory for STD-NMR and the associated algorithm are useful in a quantitative interpretation of the STD-NMR effects, and are likely to be useful in structure-based drug design efforts. They are also useful in a quantitative characterization of protein-protein (or protein-nucleic acid) contact surfaces from an intermolecular cross-saturation NMR experiment.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.508-515
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• 2022

Construction safety education will continue to attract the interests of construction educators, researchers, and industry professionals due to its immense influence on accident reduction and prevention. A well-educated workforce with a thorough understanding of safety requirements and procedures is needed to develop and apply effective safety and health programs as well as devise strategic means of preventing injuries, illnesses, and fatalities on construction projects. The objective of this research is to evaluate construction safety education in the curriculum of construction programs in the United States. An analysis of construction safety courses across accredited construction programs in the U.S. is conducted to synthesize important details and common themes. A nationwide characterization of the safety courses presented followed by an assessment selected a few programs as a pilot study. Critical elements of the courses such as course titles, course year, credit hours, topics covered, and alignment with professional certification or outreach training courses are characterized. Findings from the study reveal the similarities and variations that exist among safety courses taught in different construction programs in the U.S. These findings could result from several influencing factors, which could be the subject of further investigations geared toward improving safety education in construction programs.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2004

Foreign direct investment (FDI) by firms has various motives in terms of the strategy for firms' long-term growth. This research uses the case study of Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama to analyze the motives of the Korean auto industry's FDI in the U.S. and the locational factors that determined the selection of the site. This paper starts from the question of why Hyundai made the decision to invest in the U.S., which is not favorable in terms of production cost, especially considering that its exports to the U.S. have been on the increase. The results indicate that the strongest motive for the decision to invest in the U.S. was to ameliorate the trade friction between Korea and the U.S. Given that Hyundai depends on the U.S. market to a large extent for its exports, the foremost motive was to use local production in order to reduce the serious trade imbalance in the automobile sector between Korea and the U.S. in order that trade friction with the U.S. may be avoided and causes for trade disputes may be reduced. Other motives such as improving the access to local consumers were of secondary importance. After the selection of the country in which to invest, however, various factors were considered in the decision regarding the location of the plant, and incentives by local governments ultimately played a key role in this decision. The results imply that the Korean manufacturing industry's investment in the U.S. cannot be explained by traditional FDI theories and instead was greatly driven by a strategic defensive motive. In addition, the results confirm that the design of an appropriate incentive structure by host governments is important for attracting FDI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.237.1-237.1
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.117.2-117.2
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• 2007

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

In this paper we consider constructive function triples on the real numbers $\mathbb{R}$ and on (not necessarily commutative) integral domains D which permit the construction of a multitude of d-algebras via these constructive function triples. At the same time these constructions permit one to consider various conditions on these d-algebras for subsets of solutions of various equations, thereby producing geometric problems and interesting visualizations of some of these subsets of solutions. In particular, one may consider what notions such as "locally BCK" ought to mean, certainly in the setting provided below.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4 s.34
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• pp.269-280
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• 2006

Recently $L_{\delta}$-groups were introduced in the study of geometric group theory. Three levels of $L_{\delta}$-groups are difined and discussed. It is shown that each of these levels of $L_{\delta}$-groups is closed under taking a direct product.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-179
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• 2020

In this article, the author's intent is to begin a conversation centered on the question: How was the integration of digital technology into elementary mathematics classrooms framed? In the first part of the discussion, the author provides a historical perspective of the development of theoretical perspectives of the integration of digital technology in learning mathematics. Then, the author describes three theoretical perspectives of the role of digital technology in mathematics education: microworlds, instrumental genesis, and semiotic mediation. Last, based on three different theoretical perspectives, the author concludes the article by asking the reader to think differently.