• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.534-544
• /
• 2011

The secondary aerosol forming potential of ambient air was first measured with the Potential Aerosol Mass(PAM) chamber at Gosan supersite on Jeju island from October 22 to November 5, 2010. PAM chamber is a small flowthrough photo-oxidation chamber with extremely high OH and $O_3$ levels. The OH exposure in the PAM chamber was $(2{\pm}0.4){\times}10^{11}{\sim}(6{\pm}1.2){\times}10^{11}$ molecules $cm^{-3}$ s and was similar to 2 to 5 days of aging in the atmosphere. By periodically turning on and off UV lamps in the PAM chamber, ambient aerosol and newly formed aerosol (e.g. called as PAM aerosol) was alternately measured. Aerosol number and mass concentration in the range of 10~487 nm in diameter was measured by SMPS 3034. With UV lamps on, the nucleation mode particles smaller than 50 nm in diameters were formed. Their number concentration was greater than 105 $cm^{-3}$, leading to increase in aerosol mass by 0~8 ${\mu}gm^{-3}$. The variations of PAM and ambient aerosols were greatly dependent on characteristics of air masses such as precursor concentrations and degree of aging. This preliminary results suggests that PAM chamber is useful to assess the aerosol formation potential of air mass and its impact on the air quality. The further analysis of data with gaseous and particulate measurements will be done.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2016

There are many types of national and international standards for low temperature tests depending on the products. This study conducted CFD analysis and estimation of the energy efficiency of the chamber both with and without a test object by considering variations of COP and specific volume according to temperature. The supply air was located in the upper area to compare the cooling performance for each location using various outlets in mixed ventilated conditions. For cases without the test object, the air temperature of the upper supply and center extract on the opposite side type chamber cooled faster than other areas by 4.3~29.8%. However, for cases with the test object, the object temperature of the upper supply and lower extract type chamber cooled faster than the other areas by 7.2~31.5%. The cooling efficiency of the air inside the chamber and the test object did not show the same pattern, which indicates the need to consider the cooling performance by not only the air but also the test object in the cryogenic chamber design for testing.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2006

This paper describes a theoretical analysis and experimental verification on the performances of a vacuum-compatible air bearing, which is designed with a cascaded exhaust scheme to minimize the air leakage in a vacuum environment. The design of the vacuum-compatible air bearing equipped with the differential exhaust system requires great care because several design parameters, such as the number of exhaust stages, diameter of exhaust tube, pumping speed of a vacuum pump, and bearing clearance greatly influence the air leakage and thus degree of vacuum. In this study, a performance analysis method was proposed to estimate the performances of the air bearing, such as load capacity, stiffness, and air leakage. Results indicate that the load capacity and stiffness of the air bearing was improved as its boundary pressure, which was determined by the $1^{st}$ exhaust method, was lowered, and the dominant factors on the chamber's degree of vacuum were the number of exhaust stages, exhaust tube diameter and bearing clearance. A vacuum chamber and air bearing stage using porous pad were fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis. The results demonstrate that chamber pressure up to an order of $10^{-3}$ Pa was achieved with the air bearing stage operating inside the chamber, and this analysis method was valid by comparing predicted values with experimental data, for the mass flow rates from the porous pad, and pressures at each exhaust port and chamber, respectively.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2002

The motion of a floating OWC chamber in waves is studied taking account of fluctuating air pressure in the air chamber. An atmospheric pressure drop occurs across the upper opening of the chamber which causes not only hydrodynamic but also pneumatic added mass and damping forces to the floating chamber. A velocity potential in the water due to the free surface oscillating pressure patch is added to the conventional radiation-diffraction potential problem. the potential problem inside the chamber is formulated by making use of the Green integral equation associated with the Rankine Green function wile the outer problem with the Kelvin Green function. The two integral equations are solved simultaneously by making use of a matching boundary condition at the lower opening of the chamber to the outer water region. The chamber motion in the frequency domain is calculated for various values of parameters related to the atmospheric pressure drop. The present methods can also be sued for the analysis of air-cushion vehicle motion as well as for the design of a floating OWC wave energy absorber.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2002

The motion of a floating OWC chamber in waves is studied taking account of fluctuating.air pressure in the air chamber. An atmospheric pressure drop occurs across the upper opening of the chamber which causes not only hydrodynamic but also pneumatic added mass and damping forces to the floating chamber. A velocity potential in the water due to the free surface oscillating pressure patch is added to the conventional radiation-diffraction potential problem. The potential problem inside the chamber is formulated by making use of the Green integral equation associated with the Rankine Green function while the outer problem with the Kelvin Green function. The two integral equations are solved simultaneously by making use of a matching boundary condition at the lower opening of the chamber to the outer water region. The chamber motion in the frequency domain is calculated for various values of parameters related to the atmospheric pressure drop. The present methods can also be used for the analysis of air-cushion vehicle motion as well as for the design oj a floating owe wave energy absorber.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2019

Motor pumps cannot be used in those areas where electricity is not accessible such as remote rural areas in many African countries. Hydraulic ram pump is one of the solutions for supplying water for irrigation or domestic uses. The hydraulic ram pumps are working based on the water hammer effect for pumping without external power or electricity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of air chamber volume and operation parameters on the performance of the hydraulic ram pump which was assembled with common plumbing parts. The experimental results showed the volume of the air chamber did not affect the performance such as discharge rate and head. When drive heights were 1.7 and 2.35 m, the maximum discharge heads were up to 7 m and 10 m, respectively. When the air chamber volume was 1 L, discharge rates were 0.23 and 2.12 L/min under the drive heights of 1.7 and 2.35 m, respectively. The average energy efficiency of the hydraulic ram pump assembled in this study was about 60% for all the experimental conditions.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
• /
• pp.459-464
• /
• 2001

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the turbulent and reversed flow with convective heat transfer in a cylindrical combustion chamber. By using the mathematical model for high temperature flow enables the trends in overall heat transfer rates to be predicted. The model was applied to the design of the combustion chamber. The influences of the size of air inlet and inlet velocity were investigated for process optimization. Through modelling work it is found that the heat transfer rate to the chamber wall may be enhanced by adjusting the air flow and heat transfer pattern through selecting the air inlet condition. Internal plate has less influence to the heat transfer characteristics.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2003

In a diesel engine, air-fuel mixture formation and ignition delay period have great influence on the performance of engine. Their main factors are combustion chamber shape, fuel injection system. air volume, air flow and so on. So, the combustion process in the cylinder is complex because of many factors which have direct and indirect effects on it. In this study, we take into consideration of scavenging pressure and scavenging temperature that are hewn as the main factor to the combustion process of two-stroke D.1. diesel engine. It is taken a picture of the combustion flame process for combustion chamber of re-entrant type and cylindrical type. So, it is applied to the basis data of combustion chamber design from an image analysis.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.373-376
• /
• 2002

The drift force acting on a floating OWC chamber in waves is studied taking account of fluctuating air pressure in the air chamber. A velocity potential in the water due to the free surface oscillating pressure patch is added to the conventional radiation-diffraction potential problem. The potential problem inside the chamber is formulated by making use of the Green integral equation associated with the Rankine Green function while the outer problem with the Kelvin Green function. The drift forces as well as the chamber motions are calculated taking account of the air pressure in the chamber.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.545-552
• /
• 2009

It is common to design the duct branches where to supply the required air flow for individual room in residential apartment house. And TAB process is applied to control the designed air volume with adjusting volume dampers and/or supply diffusers after fully installing the ventilation system. This process has been resulted increasing the initial cost for the residential ventilation system because of man-hour and accessories such as volume control damper or diffuser. However it is difficult to adjust the air volume adequately in small air duct branches in residential ventilation system. The purpose of this study is to figure out the performance of Multidrop chamber coupling system for the residential ventilation system.