• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.351-361
• /
• 2019

In our previous study, pyrrolnitrin produced in Pseudomonas chlororaphis G05 plays more critical role in suppression of mycelial growth of some fungal pathogens that cause plant diseases in agriculture. Although some regulators for pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis were identified, the pyrrolnitrin regulation pathway was not fully constructed. During our screening novel regulator candidates, we obtained a white conjugant G05W02 while transposon mutagenesis was carried out between a fusion mutant $G05{\Delta}phz{\Delta}prn::lacZ$ and E. coli S17-1 (pUT/mini-Tn5Kan). By cloning and sequencing of the transposon-flanking DNA fragment, we found that a vfr gene in the conjugant G05W02 was disrupted with mini-Tn5Kan. In one other previous study on P. fluorescens, however, it was reported that the deletion of the vfr caused increased production of pyrrolnitrin and other antifungal metabolites. To confirm its regulatory function, we constructed the vfr-knockout mutant $G05{\Delta}vfr$ and $G05{\Delta}phz{\Delta}prn::lacZ{\Delta}vfr$. By quantifying ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities, we found that deletion of the vfr decreased the prn operon expression dramatically. Meanwhile, by quantifying pyrrolnitrin production in the mutant $G05{\Delta}vfr$, we found that deficiency of the Vfr caused decreased pyrrolnitrin production. However, production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was same to that in the wild-type strain G05. Taken together, Vfr is required for pyrrolnitrin but not for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis in P. chlororaphis G05.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제60권4호
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2020

Sasa (S.) quelpaertensis Nakai (Korean name, Jeju-Joritdae), which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, is a type of bamboo grass distributed widely in Jeju Island, Korea. S. quelpaertensis leaves are used for therapeutic purposes in traditional Korean medicine. This study examined the hepatoprotective effects of the S. quelpaertensis ethyl acetate fraction (SQEA) in a mouse model to mimic alcoholic liver damage. The mice were administered orally with 30% alcohol (5 g/kg) once per day with or without SQEA treatments (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 14 days consecutively. Alcohol consumption increased the serum alcohol content and histopathological changes but reduced the liver weight. Moreover, the livers of the alcohol group exhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and lipid droplet coating protein perilipin-2. On the other hand, SQEA dose-dependently attenuated the alcohol-induced serum ethanol content and liver histopathological changes but increased the liver weight. Moreover, SQEA attenuated the level of CYP2E1 and inhibited alcohol-induced lipogenesis in the liver via decreased perilipin-2 expression. These results suggest that SQEA can provide a potent way to reduce the liver damage caused by alcohol consumption.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 복분자 가공 후 버려지는 부산물의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 착즙박의 발효를 통해 식초를 제조한 후, 전통 발효식초의 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 살펴보고자 발효 특성 및 항산화 활성을 포함한 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 알코올 발효 후 이화학적 특성 분석 결과, 총 산도와 알코올 함량은 착즙액보다 착즙박에서 각각 0.49, 1.32% 만큼 낮게 나타났으며, 초산발효 후에는 알코올 함량과 당도가 착즙액에서 각각 0.72, 0.6 °Brix만큼 높게 나타났다. 착즙박에서 pH는 0.32 낮았고 총 산도가 0.38% 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 비추어 볼 때 착즙박 또한 원활한 발효가 진행됨이 확인되었다. 유기산 분석 결과 착즙박에서는 acetic acid가 착즙액에서는 citric acid가 더 높게 나타났다. 복분자 착즙박을 이용한 식초의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 총 안토시아닌 함량을 측정한 결과 각각 51.58 TAE mg/mL, 9.55 RUE mg/mL, 6.05 CYE mg/mL로 대조구인 복분자 착즙액 식초보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 복분자 착즙박 식초의 산화 방지 활성측정을 위해 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 IC50 값을 측정한 결과 각각 10.23, 18.30 µL/mL로 착즙액 식초보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 환원력 및 FRAP 또한 착즙박을 이용한 식초에서 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합해볼 때 복분자 가공 부산물로 버려지는 착즙박은 초산발효 결과가 우수하고, 높은 산화 방지 활성을 나타내어 기능성 발효식초로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권3_spc호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of lycopene on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids levels, activities of hepatic lipid metabolism related enzymes and genes expression in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 256 healthy one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups with eight replicates of eight birds each. Birds were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene, respectively. Results: Dietary 100 mg/kg lycopene increased the body weight at 21 day of age compared to the control group (p<0.05). Compared to the basal diet, broilers fed diet with 100 mg/kg lycopene had decreased abdominal fat weight, and broilers fed diet with 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene had decreased abdominal fat percentage (p<0.05). Compared to control, diets with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene reduced the levels of total triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum, and diets with 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene reduced the level of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). The activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 400 mg/kg lycopene treated broilers and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene treated broilers were lower than those fed basal diet (p<0.05). Lycopene increased the mRNA abundance of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α (AMPK-α), whereas decreased the mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, FAS, and ACC compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary lycopene supplementation can alleviate abdominal fat deposition and decrease serum lipids levels, possibly through activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby regulating lipid metabolism such as lipogenesis. Therefore, lycopene or lycopene-rich plant materials might be added to poultry feed to regulate lipid metabolism.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2022

담석증의 원인으로 잘 알려진 위험 요소는 고령의 나이, 여성성별, 비만, 대사증후군, 제주 이주민이다. 많은 젊은 성인들이 교통이 원활하고 상업 활동이 활발한 제주시에 사는 경향이 있다. 반면에 고령자들은 어업과 농업에 종사하기 때문에 서귀포에 많이 거주하는 경향이 있다. 이주민과 고령자의 비율은 두 지역 거주자의 담석증 유병률에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 제주도 두 지역 거주민들에서 담석증 유병률과 임상적으로 연관된 위험인자들을 비교해 보고자 하는 것이다. 이 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 제주도에 소재한 단일 건강검진센터에서 검진을 시행한 13,050명을 대상으로 하였고 거주자들의 주소지에 따라 분석하였다. 제주도 거주민들의 담석증 유병률은 제주시 거주민들에서 5.7%, 서귀포시 거주민들에서 5.8%였다. 다변량 분석에서 연령 (P=0.008), 체질량지수 (P=0.044), 고밀도지질단백질-콜레스테롤 (P=0.006) 및 감마-글루타밀전이효소 (P=0.013)가 담석증에 영향을 미치는 독립적인 요인이었다. 고령, 평균 체질량지수, 감마-글루타밀전이효소 및 낮은 고밀도지질단백질-콜레스테롤은 담석증의 독립적인 위험인자였다. 그러나 거주지는 담석증의 유병률에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.628-635
• /
• 2022

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the large intestine disease that results in chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon. Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) is known for its pharmacological activities. Persicaria tinctoria (PT) is also used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the attenuating effects of Rg3-RGE with PT on oxazolone (OXA)-induced UC in mice. Methods: A total of six groups of mice including control group, OXA (as model group, 1.5%) group, sulfasalazine (75 mg/kg) group, Rg3-RGE (20 mg/kg) group, PT (300 mg/kg) group, and Rg3-RGE (10 mg/kg) with PT (150 mg/kg) group. Data on the colon length, body weight, disease activity index (DAI), histological changes, nitric oxide (NO) assay, Real-time PCR of inflammatory factors, ELISA of inflammatory factors, Western blot, and flow cytometry analysis were obtained. Results: Overall, the combination treatment of Rg3-RGE and PT significantly improved the colon length and body weight and decreased the DAI in mice compared with the treatment with OXA. Additionally, the histological injury was also reduced by the combination treatment. Moreover, the NO production level and inflammatory mediators and cytokines were significantly downregulated in the Rg3-RGE with the PT group compared with the model group. Also, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝛋B) were suppressed in the combination treatment group compared with the OXA group. Furthermore, the number of immune cell subtypes of CD4⁺ T-helper cells, CD19⁺ B-cells, and CD4⁺ and CD25⁺ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was improved in the Rg3-RGE with the PT group compared with the OXA group. Conclusion: Overall, the mixture of Rg3-RGE and PT is an effective therapeutic treatment for UC.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2022

주요 계란 난백 단백질과 그 가수분해물은 일부 금속 킬레이트 특성을 갖는 기능성 식품 성분으로 알려져 있다. 식이 oxalate를 제거하기 위해 계란 난백 단백질과 그 가수분해물을 이용할 경우 신장 결석을 예방하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 계란 난백 단백질인 ovalbumin, ovomucin, ovotransferrin과 이 단백질들의 효소처리를 통해 얻은 가수분해물의 biogenic oxalate chelating 활성을 측정하는 것이었다. 채소 중에서 시금치를 과일 중에서 스타푸르트(starfruit)를 선택하여 HCl처리를 거쳐 옥살레이트 추출물(oxalates extract)을 제조하였다. 계란의 난백 단백질 중, ovalbumin, ovomucin, ovotransferrin를 선택하여 이들의 가수분해물과 함께 옥살레이트 추출물과 별도로 혼합하여 3℃에서 24시간 반응을 위한 배양을 시켰다. 원심분리 후 상등액을 HPLC로 분석하여 단백질과 가수분해물의 biogenic oxalate chelating 활성을 비교 분석하였다. 사용된 모든 계란 난백 단백질과 그 가수분해물은 시금치의 oxalates에 대한 biogenic oxalate chelating 활성을 보였다. 그러나열대과일인 starfruit의 oxalates에 대한 킬레이트 활성에서는ovalbumin, hydrolyzed ovalbumin, ovomucin만이 활성을 보였다. 전반적으로, hydrolyzed ovalbumin은 시금치와 스타프루트 모두에서 oxalates chelating 효과가 가장 좋았다. 따라서 계란의 난백 단백질과 그 가수분해물의 옥살산 킬레이트 활성이 있었으며, 식이 옥살산에 대한 영양 개선을 위한 소재로 개발 가능성이 있다. 그러나, 다른 과일과 야채에 대한 옥살레이트 킬레이트 활성과 특정 생체 내 조건에서의 계란 단백질의 옥살레이트 킬레이팅 효과를 검증하기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 2022

In mountainous regions, wild herbs which can also be edible in nature for humans and animals possess a wide array of biologically diversified properties. It is because of the fact that due to the cold weather of mountains; they are enriched in certain kinds of phytochemicals such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and many more. One such kind of an herb is Aster scaber (AS) in Korean. It is a widely cultivated culinary herb in Korean peninsula and used as a side dish in Korean culinary cuisine. In view of its extensive use in cuisine, we geared to unravel the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AS in murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S). 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays revealed a dose dependent (7.8~1,000 ㎍/mL) inhibition of oxidation by AS 70% ethanol (ASE) extract as compared to Trolox and Ascorbic acid respectively. Nitric oxide assay (NO) showed a dose dependent decrease (5~40 ㎍/mL) in MH-S cells with ASE when stimulated with Coal Fly Ash (CFA). Moreover, this dose for NO reduction was also found to be least cytotoxic for cells as determined by cellular viability (MTT) assay. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and were also dose dependently inhibited by ASE in MH-S cells through RT-PCR. Therefore, in light of these findings, AS exhibited a strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. These results also justify the extensive use of this mountainous herb in culinary practices for beneficial effects on human health.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.539-548
• /
• 2022

최근 수십 년간 전 세계는 경제발전과 수송수단의 향상으로 다양한 외래종이 침입할 수 있는 시대가 되었다. 외국산 농산물의 수입요구는 외래종의 침입을 보다 용이하게 하며 이렇게 침입한 외래종은 국내 생물상의 교란을 야기한다. 식물검역의 목적은 외래해충으로부터 국내 농업환경 및 생태계를 보호하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 농림축산검역본부의 병해충정보시스템에 기록된 자료를 통해 1996년부터 2020년까지 수입절화류에서 발견한 해충 검출 동향을 분석하였다. 이 기간동안 총 69개국 159품목 147,160개에서 검출된 해충은 13,757건의 467종 (잠정규제해충 273종, 관리해충 78종, 비검역해충 118종)이었다. 특히, 총채벌레목과 매미목 해충의 검출율이 전체의 80% 이상을 차지하여 수입 절화류에서 가장 많이 발견되는 해충분류군으로 분석하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.1461-1478
• /
• 2022

The maintenance of poultry gut health is complex depending on the intricate balance among diet, the commensal microbiota, and the mucosa, including the gut epithelium and the superimposing mucus layer. Changes in microflora composition and abundance can confer beneficial or detrimental effects on fowl. Antibiotics have devastating impacts on altering the landscape of gut microbiota, which further leads to antibiotic resistance or spread the pathogenic populations. By eliciting the landscape of gut microbiota, strategies should be made to break down the regulatory signals of pathogenic bacteria. The optional strategy of conferring dietary fibers (DFs) can be used to counterbalance the gut microbiota. DFs are the non-starch carbohydrates indigestible by host endogenous enzymes but can be fermented by symbiotic microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This is one of the primary modes through which the gut microbiota interacts and communicate with the host. The majority of SCFAs are produced in the large intestine (particularly in the caecum), where they are taken up by the enterocytes or transported through portal vein circulation into the bloodstream. Recent shreds of evidence have elucidated that SCFAs affect the gut and modulate the tissues and organs either by activating G-protein-coupled receptors or affecting epigenetic modifications in the genome through inducing histone acetylase activities and inhibiting histone deacetylases. Thus, in this way, SCFAs vastly influence poultry health by promoting energy regulation, mucosal integrity, immune homeostasis, and immune maturation. In this review article, we will focus on DFs, which directly interact with gut microbes and lead to the production of SCFAs. Further, we will discuss the current molecular mechanisms of how SCFAs are generated, transported, and modulated the pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses against pathogens and host physiology and gut health.