• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2016

Purpose: Ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress contributes to several adverse biological effects on skin. Many phenolic phytochemicals have been shown to have antioxidant properties and protect skin cells from UV-induced oxidative damage. In this study, we investigated whether or not Aralia elata (AE) has a protective effect against UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to photoaging. Methods: Phenolic content of dried AE and antioxidant properties of AE extract in 70% ethanol weredetermined by measuring DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The effect of AE extract on cellular ROS generation and expression levels of oxidative stress-response proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, catalase, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in UVB-irradiated ($75mJ/cm^2$) human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were further determined by 2'-7'-dichlorofluoresceine diacetate assay and Western blotting, respectively. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of dried AE were 20.15 mg tannic acid/g and 18.75 mg rutin/g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ of AE extract against DPPH radical was $98.5{\mu}g/mL$, and ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP upon treatment with $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of AE extract were $41.8{\mu}g\;ascorbic\;acid\;(AA)\;eq./mL$ and $29.7{\mu}g\;AA\;eq./mL$,m respectively. Pretreatment with AE extract significantly reduced (p < 0.05) ROS generation compared to that in UVB-irradiated control HaCaT cells. Pretreatment with AE extract reversed reduction of Nrf-2 and SOD-1 protein expression and induction of HO-1 protein expression caused by UVB exposure in HaCaT cells, whereas it did not affect catalase expression. Conclusion: AE extract in 70% ethanol demonstrated a protective effect against UVB-induced oxidative stress and decreased expression of Nrf-2 and SOD-1 in human keratinocytes. These findings suggest that AE ethanol extract might have potential as a natural resource for a skin anti-photoaging product in the food and cosmetic industry.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

Oxidative stress is an important causative factor in several human chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, mutagenesis, cancer, several neurodegenerative disorders, and the aging process. Phenolics and tannins are reported to be good antioxidants. Anogeissus latifolia (Combretaceae) bark has been used in the Indian traditional systems of medicine for curing a variety of ailments, but scientific validation is not available till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to isolate antioxidant compounds by activity-guided isolation. Inhibtion of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and Xanthine oxidase along with photochemiluminescence assay were used as bioassay for antioxidant activity. Activity guided isolation was carried out using silica column and the compounds were quantified using HPLC. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Bioassay-guided isolation led to isolation of ellagic acid (1) and dimethyl ellagic acid (2) as the main active compounds, which along with gallic acid were quantified by HPLC. Thus we conclude that these three major tannoid principles present in A. latifolia, are responsible for the antioxidant potential and possibly their therapeutic potential.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.911-913
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• 2002

Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.), oriental medicine, has been used for remedy of the liver diseases and for tonic. In order to investigate the oxygen free radical, a harmful factor of aging, in liver of rats fed diets supplemented with the Rubi Fructus water extract(RX), Sprague-Dawley male rats have been fed a diet supplemented with 3% or 5% RX for a month. In rats fed 3% RX supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents appeared to be increased, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased compared with the control. There was no difference in glutathione peroxide and glutathione-S-transferase activities between the rats fed RX supplemented diets and the control diet. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with RX may have the oxygen free radicals detoxication potential.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.424-432
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• 2014

The defining feature of Parkinson's disease is a progressive and selective demise of dopaminergic neurons. A recent report on Parkinson's disease animal model demonstrates that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) dependent cell death, also named parthanatos, is accountable for selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Parthanatos is a programmed necrotic cell death, characterized by PARP1 activation, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation, and large scale DNA fragmentation. Besides cell death regulation via interaction with AIF, PAR molecule mediates diverse cellular processes including genomic stability, cell division, transcription, epigenetic regulation, and stress granule formation. In this review, we will discuss the roles of PARP1 activation and PAR molecules in the pathological processes of Parkinson's disease. Potential interaction between PAR molecule and Parkinson's disease protein interactome are briefly introduced. Finally, we suggest promising points of therapeutic intervention in the pathological PAR signaling cascade to halt progression in Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.85-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables on adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship. Independent variables were the expectation of the parents' role, role performance by adolescents' perception and socio-demographic variables. In order to achieve this purpose, the survey was taken by 758 adolescents (middle & high school students) from Daegu. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Scheffe test for post hoc, and Multiple Regression. The major findings were: 1) Role expectation had significant differences in the grade, gender, birth order, father's level of education, father's job, mother's age, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. Role performance showed significant differences in the grade, gender, father's age, parents' level of education, father's job, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. 2) Adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship was affected by role expectation and role performance.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-148
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• 2012

The main objective of this study was to investigate how people prepare for old age by looking at financial statements from single-person households in Gyeonggi province; the policy implications regarding low fertility and population aging are considered. The subjects were members of 600 households who were aged 26 to 44 years old and not married. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and dichotomous logistic regression using SPSS WIN 12.0. Respondents pointed out that financial problems are the greatest challenges for those facing old age in single-person households; they said that a stable job is the most important factor for secure living. About 57% of household residents responded that they have prepared for retirement, and a majority of them said they hoped to spend their elderly years with a marriage partner. The financial statements from single-person households were inferior to those from other types of households. The assets of single-person household members were less than those of other households. Only 10.5% of respondents have owned homes. The study discusses policy implications for those who want marriage and for those who don't want it. For those who want marriage, job-seeking support was proposed, and for the others, tax deductions and family programs for single-person households were proposed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.630-638
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate stress in elderly patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) and to examine validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: The development process for the preliminary scale included construction of a conceptual framework and initial items, verification of content analysis, sentence correction, and pilot study. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey with one-to-one interviews during January and February, 2012. Participants were 240 elderly patients with CAD. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency. Results: The developed scale consisted of 32 items and 6 factors - aging and disease (7 items), family relations (5 items), anxiety and withdrawal (9 items), management of daily living (3 items), compliance of medical regimen (4 items), poverty and finance (4 items), and explained 68.5% of total variance. The scale had significantly positive correlation with the Korean Perceived Stress Scale (KPSS). Cronbach's alpha was .96, and Guttman split half coefficient was .91. Conclusion: Results indicate that the Stress Scale for Elderly Patients with CAD has validity and reliability, and is a suitable scale in health care settings to assess stress in elderly patients with CAD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.618-630
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• 2013

This study investigates the influence of consumption value on attitude and the repurchase intention of secondhand fashion goods. In addition, this study examines the effect of consumption value on attitudes according to self-confidence in fashion coordination. Questionnaire data from 220 university students who made purchases of secondhand fashion goods were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, there were 5 factor solutions for the consumption value of secondhand fashion goods: rare value, emotional value, functional value, social contribution value, and economic value. Second, rare value, social contribution value and economic value had a positive impact on the attitude toward secondhand fashion goods. Third, attitude had positive impact on the repurchase intention of secondhand fashion goods. Fourth, there was a significant difference in the magnitude of the effect of consumption value on attitude according to self-confidence in fashion coordination. The results of this study provide various guidelines for marketers or retailers who are interested in secondhand fashion goods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1965-1969
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• 2015

Cancer prevalance and incidence is increasing with aging of populations and age is a critical factor in decision-making for anti-cancer treatment. However it is believed that chronological age is not enough to guide management in elderly cancer patients. Multidisciplinary evaluation and comprehensive geriatric assessment has gained importance regarding the treatment selection especially for definitive anti-cancer therapy recently. We here aimed to analyse the effect of the comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters on radiotherapy toxicity and tolerability in a series of geriatric cancer patients in Turkey.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2015

Background: It has been known that ginseng can be applied as a potential nutraceutical for memory impairment; however, experiments with animals of old age are few. Methods: To determine the memory enhancing effect of red ginseng, C57BL/6 mice (21 mo old) were given experimental diet pellets containing 0.12% red ginseng extract (approximately 200 mg/kg/d) for 3 mo. Young and old mice (4 mo and 21 mo old, respectively) were used as the control group. The effect of red ginseng, which ameliorated memory impairment in aged mice, was quantified using Y-maze test, novel objective test, and Morris water maze. Red ginseng ameliorated age-related declines in learning and memory in older mice. In addition, red ginseng's effect on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines was investigated in the hippocampus of aged mice. Results: Red ginseng treatment suppressed the production of age-processed inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ expressions. Moreover, it was observed that red ginseng had an antioxidative effect on aged mice. The suppressed glutathione level in aged mice was restored with red ginseng treatment. The antioxidative-related enzymes Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased with red ginseng treatment. Conclusion: The results revealed that when red ginseng is administered over long periods, age-related decline of learning and memory is ameliorated through anti-inflammatory activity.