• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1979

1. 말뚝망둥어 (Periophthalmus cantonensis)의 포복도약하는 생활군의 생태를 구명하는 일환으로 1978년 7월에서 8월까지 금강을 중심으로 하기의 생활양식을 조사한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 분포는 칠산리(St. 1)에서 오식도(St. 7) 까지의 약 25km 연안선이다. 2. 서식밀도는 평균 1.5미/$m^2$이고 고조아대에서 평균 2.6미/$m^2(56\%)$, 중조아대에서 평균 1.5미/$m^2(32\%)$ 저조아대에서 평균 0.5미/$m^2(12\%)$였다. 3. 정주세력비는 : $86\%$이며 정주세력의 평균체장은 57mm, 생활권은 10m, 보행속도는 2.16mm/sec였다. 4. 말뚝망둥어는 성장함에 따라 분리, 독립하여 일정구역을 점령확보하며, 또 이를 확인시켜가는 경향이 있다. 5. 독립생활을 하던 것이 다시 모여 군집을 형성하는 경우는 특히 정주세력이 강한 고조아대에서 볼 수 있었으나 이들 단위군집내에서는 체장차이를 볼 수 없었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.1706-1713
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• 2020

Functionally gradient material (FGM) is promisingly effective in mitigating the thermal stress between plasma facing materials (PFM) and structural materials. However, the corresponding research with respect to W/V FGM has not been reported yet. In this work, we firstly report the successful fabrication of W/V FGM by a combined technology of mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microhardness and microstructure of the consolidated sample were both investigated. W/V stacks show significantly enhanced microhardness (>100%) compared with pure W plate, which is beneficial to the integral strength of the hybrid structure. Furthermore, we clarify that the different ductility of W and V should be carefully considered, otherwise W/V powder might aggregate and lead to the formation of compositional segregation, and simultaneously unmask the impact of V proportion on the distribution of second phase in W-V binary alloy system. This work provides an innovative approach for obtaining W-V connections with much better performance.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2012

시멘트 입도계수(CFM)란 시멘트의 입자크기 분포를 정수로 표현하는 방법으로서 시멘트의 화학성분이나 광물조성은 변화시키지 않고, 시멘트 분쇄과정의 조정으로 CFM을 변화시킨다면 조강, 중용열 및 저열 등의 다양한 시멘트로의 접근이 가능할 것으로 추측된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 CFM 변화를 활용한 특수 시멘트의 제조 가능성을 분석하기 위한 기초적 연구로서 CFM이 콘크리트의 기초적 특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하고자 하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 배합특성으로 CFM이 커질수록 목표 유동성을 확보하기 위해 잔골재율 및 단위수량은 증가시켜 주어야 하고, AE제 및 SP제 사용량은 감소시켜 주어야 했다. 응결시간은 CFM이 커질수록 지연되었고, 압축강도는 초기재령에서는 상대적으로 낮았으나, 후기재령으로 갈수록 압축강도의 차이는 작아져 3년 정도가 되면 동등한 수준의 압축강도가 발현되었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2004

Thermolysis of $Cu(NO_3)_2{\cdot}3H_2O$ impregnated activated carbon fiber (ACF) was studied by means of XRD analysis to obtain Cu-impregnated ACF. $Cu(NO_3)_2{\cdot}3H_2O$ was converted into $Cu_2O$ around $230^{\circ}C$. The $Cu_2O$ was reduced to Cu at $400^{\circ}C$, resulting in ACF-C(Cu). Some Cu particles have a tendency to aggregate through the heat treatment, resulting in the ununiform distribution in ACF. Catalytic decomposition of NO gas has been performed by Cu-impregnated ACF in a column reactor at $400^{\circ}C$. Initial NO concentration was 1300 ppm diluted in helium gas. NO gas was effectively decomposed by 5~10 wt% Cu-impregnated ACF at $400^{\circ}C$. The concentration of NO was maintained less than 200 ppm for 6 hours in this system. The ACF-C(Cu) deoxidized NO to $N_2$ and was reduced to ACF-$C(Cu_2O)$ in the initial stage. The ACF-$C(Cu_2O)$ also deoxidized NO to $N_2$ and reduced to ACF-C(CuO). This ACF-C(CuO) was converted again into ACF-C(Cu) by heating. There was no consumption of ACF in mass during thermolysis and catalytic decomposition of NO to $N_2$ by copper. The catalytic decomposition was accelerated with increase of the reaction temperature.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2003

In this paper, we introduce a category of Multi-FNN (Fuzzy-Neural Networks) models, analyze the underlying architectures and propose a comprehensive identification framework. The proposed Multi-FNNs dwell on a concept of fuzzy rule-based FNNs based on HCM clustering and evolutionary fuzzy granulation, and exploit linear inference being treated as a generic inference mechanism. By this nature, this FNN model is geared toward capturing relationships between information granules known as fuzzy sets. The form of the information granules themselves (in particular their distribution and a type of membership function) becomes an important design feature of the FNN model contributing to its structural as well as parametric optimization. The identification environment uses clustering techniques (Hard C - Means, HCM) and exploits genetic optimization as a vehicle of global optimization. The global optimization is augmented by more refined gradient-based learning mechanisms such as standard back-propagation. The HCM algorithm, whose role is to carry out preprocessing of the process data for system modeling, is utilized to determine the structure of Multi-FNNs. The detailed parameters of the Multi-FNN (such as apexes of membership functions, learning rates and momentum coefficients) are adjusted using genetic algorithms. An aggregate performance index with a weighting factor is proposed in order to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization (predictive) abilities of the model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, two numeric data sets are experimented with. One is the numerical data coming from a description of a certain nonlinear function and the other is NOx emission process data from a gas turbine power plant.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제54권
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• pp.321-345
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• 2003

오늘날 개인이 소득을 획득하는 주된 원천은 노동시장이지만, 가구 내에서의 재분배나 사적 이전, 공적 이전 또한 개인에게 소득을 제공하는 소득원이다. 이 연구는 개인 소득의 안정성이 가족 국가 공동체라는 소득원에 따라 어떻게 변화하는가를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 분석은 사회복지의 제공주체들이 제각기 작동시키는 사회복지의 논리와 그 결합구조를 파악하려는 시도의 하나라는 점에서 중요할 뿐 아니라, 지금까지 주로 분석되어 오지 않았던 사회보장제도의 또 다른 목표, 즉 소득안정성에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 분석결과 가구 구성의 안정성은 개인이 소득의 안정성을 확보하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있으며, 사적 이전과 공적 이전은 가족으로부터 소득 안정성을 확보하기가 상대적으로 어려운 인구집단에게 특히 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 소득의 안정화를 위한 공동체나 국가의 역할은 노동시장의 유연화와 가구 구성의 안정성 약화가 지속적으로 가속화되고 있는 현 시점에서 매우 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2009

In this study, research for physical and chemical characteristics were conducted through analysis of sediments, grading and heavy metals (e.g., Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb ) in sewers which are classified by drainage types. After that, cement solidification and yellow soil calcinations made heavy metals stabilized and then, ways of recycling it were examined. The grain size distribution of all sediments was relative graded. When evaluating heavy metal pollution through index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), Cu showed moderately pollution or strong pollution in forest and street site and Zn was assessed by moderately pollution in military, residential, and street site. Analysis of Pearson Correlation coefficient of heavy metal indicated that all items in street site have tight relationship respectively. Especially, Cd-Zn, Cu-Pb, Cu-Mn, and Pb-Mn have relationship at 99% confidence intervals in statistical analysis. Recycling it with cement solidification was satisfied with compressive strength standard under 55% deposit contents and Zn, Pb, Mn were stabilized effectively. If time and temperature plasticity and compressive strength would be standard, it is revealed that yellow soil calcinations is valuable aggregate when it has 50-60 Wt% contents. When considering economic feasibility and stabilization of heavy metals, cement solidification would be more appropriate than yellow soil calcinations as solution to recycling.

• ALGAE
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2006

Mitochondrial distribution and abundance were assessed during the growth of apical and subapical cells in the red algae Colaconema caespitosum (J. Agardh) Jackelman, Stegenga and Bolton and Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Nägeli after staining with 3,3’-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)] and 2,4’-dimethylaminostyryl-Nethylpyridinium iodide (DASPEI). In fully elongate apical cells of C. caespitosum there were 100-120 mitochondria. During apical cell enlargement and division there is a doubling and then halving of the mitochondrial numbers. Apical cells prior to cytokinesis in young filaments are smaller than in mature filaments (ca. 50 and 100 μm long, respectively) and have fewer mitochondria (ca. 100 and 120 mitochondria per cell, respectively). In older vegetative cells mitochondria tend to aggregate at opposite ends of the cells with some mitochondria associated with the central nucleus or at points of apparent branch initiation. There is a greater density of mitochondria in apical cells of smaller versus larger plants (one mitochondrion per 6.3 μm3 and 9.8 μm3, respectively), suggesting that apical cells of younger plants may be more metabolically active. Male and female gametophytic thalli of Antithamnion cruciatum had similar numbers of mitochondria in apical cells of indeterminate axes, as did gametophytic and sporophytic thalli. There were about 40-50 mitochondria in fully elongated apical cells with about half this number in newly divided apical and subapical cells. Apical cells of determinate branches had more mitochondria (60-77) than indeterminate branches (60-70 vs. 40-50). In both species and in all cell types mitochondrial numbers were highly correlated with cell size.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to assess the developmental potential in vitro produced embryos frozen-thawed with the various containers, and also examined expression and localization of heat shock protein 70 at these embryos. For the vitrification, 2-cell, 8-cell and blastocyst stage embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT) were exposed the ethylene glycol 5.5 M freezing solution (EC 5.5) for 30 sec, loaded on each containers such EM grid, straw and cryo-loop, and then immediately plunged into liquid nitrogen. Thawed embryos were serially diluted in sucrose solution, each for 1 min. and cultured in CRI-aa medium. Survival rates of the vitrification production were assessed by re-expanded, hatched blastocysts. There were no differences in the survival rates of IVF using EM grid and cryo-loop. However, survival rates by straw were relatively lower than other containers. The use of cryo-loop resulted in only survival of nuclear transferred embryos (43.7%). Also, there embryos after IVF or NT were analysed by semi-quantitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) methods for hsp 70 mRNA expression. Results revealed the expression of hsp 70 mRNh were higher thawed embryos than control embryos. Immunocytochemistry used to localize the hsp 70 protein in embryos. Two and 8-cell embryos derived under control condition was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm but appeared as aggregates in some frozen-thawed embryos. However, in the control, blastocysts displayed aggregate signal while Hsp70 in frozen-thawed blastocysts appeared to be more uniform In distribution. Therefore, this result suggests that the exploiting Hsp 70 in the early embryos may be role for protection of stress condition for increase viability of embryos within IVF, NT and there frozen-thawed embryos.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the solubility, dimensional alteration, pH, electrical conductivity, and radiopacity of root perforation sealer materials. Materials and Methods: For the pH test, the samples were immersed in distilled water for different periods of time. Then, the samples were retained in plastic recipients, and the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured. The solubility, dimensional alteration, and radiopacity properties were evaluated according to Specification No. 57 of the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). Statistical analyses were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. When the sample distribution was not normal, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed with a Kruskal-Wallis test (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: The results showed that white structural Portland cement (PC) had the highest solubility, while mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based cements, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental) and MTA BIO ($\hat{A}$ngelus Ind. Prod.), had the lowest values. MTA BIO showed the lowest dimensional alteration values and white PC presented the highest values. No differences among the tested materials were observed in the the pH and electrical conductivity analyses. Only the MTA-based cements met the ANSI/ADA recommendations regarding radiopacity, overcoming the three steps of the aluminum step wedge. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we concluded that the values of solubility and dimensional alteration of the materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA specifications. PCs did not fulfill the ANSI/ADA requirements regarding radiopacity. No differences were observed among the materials with respect to the pH and electrical conductivity analyses.