• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.476-482
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• 2023

Introduction: There is a growing global interest in the issue of precarious employment. We aimed to analyze the characteristics and socio-demographic distribution of precarious employment using a summative score approach. Methods: To operationalize precarious employment, we utilized data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey and focused on three distinct dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protections. By constructing a summative scale ranging from -16 to 2, with lower scores indicating higher precariousness, we measured employment precariousness among Korean wage workers. To compare employment precariousness according to survey participant characteristics, we employed the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Results: We analyzed a weighted number of 38,432 workers. The overall sample showed a median (Q1, Q3) summative scale score of -3 (-6, -1). The median summative score was lower for women compared to men (men: -2; women: -5; p < 0.001), as well as for young or older workers compared to middle-aged workers (young: -4; middle-aged: -2; older: -5; p < 0.001). Similarly, workers with lower educational levels (middle school or below: -8; high school: -5; college or above: -2; p < 0.001) and non-white collar workers (blue collar: -5; service/sales worker: -6; white collar: -2; p < 0.001) experienced higher levels of employment precariousness. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that certain vulnerable groups, such as women, young or older adults, workers with low educational attainment, and caregiving or low-skilled elementary workers, are disproportionately exposed to high employment precariousness. Active policy interventions are needed to improve the employment quality of vulnerable groups.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.492-504
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of employment of elderly over 65 years on elderly depression using the "Nation Elderly Survey 2014". Methods: The subjects were 10,451 elderly aged 65 or older who were selected from 16 cities and provinces via multilevel stratified sampling method. In an effort to represent well the nation's elderly population, composite sample analysis method was used for the study, and a hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to identify those factors affecting the depression among the elderly population. Results: The factors affecting the depression were education level, household income, Perceived health status, smoking, drinking, physical activity, body mass index and employment status. It was found that the unemployed persons were 1.68 times more likely to be depressed than those who remain employed. Conclusion: Where the average life expectancy is getting longer and the poverty rate of elderly is high, employment activities of the elderly are of great significance in terms of ensuring economic stability as well as in lowering medical expenses through reduction of depression. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the employment rates of the elderly for economic, social and healthcare perspectives.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-92
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• 2019

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency in the provision of employment services for the middle-aged by using spatial analysis in GIS. Based on location information of employment service institutions, we find service areas of the institutions and calculate regional rates of duplication and exclusion in terms of spatial coverage of the employment services. Taking into account potential demand for employment services, the regions with high priority in the provision of the services are identified. Among the regions, those with high exclusion rate of the services are designated as the regions of insufficient service level. Results indicate that Namyangju-si is a representative region of insufficient employment service level. To improve efficiency in the provision of employment services, we suggest to relocate employment service institutions that have been located in a region of high duplication rate such as Siheung-si, Danwon-gu, Gangnam-gu, Songpa-gu into the locality of Namyangju-si.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.13
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• pp.141-162
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• 2003

This article discusses the issues of the estimated size and characteristics of irregular employment work force in Korea after IMF economic crisis in 1997. The issues of the estimated size of irregular employment work force originated from different concepts and its operationalizations among the labor economists, despite their utilization of the same labor force data, 'Economically Active Population Survey(EAPA)' collected from Korea National Statistical Office(KNSO). And the issues contribute toward the understandings of the irregular employment and the limits of the EAPA, despite its various usefulness. This article also describes the summary characteristics of irregular employment work force from both sides of labor supply and its demand. The major characteristics of irregular employment work force on the labor supply side appears in the concentration of social minorities, i.e. woman, the aged, lower educated and skilled populations. On the labor demand of irregular employment work force, the majority of it concentrated on the establishments under 10 employees, and probably the important incentives for irregular employment work force of the firms is labor cost efficiency. Finally, this article propose an alternative against the discrimination between the regular and irregular work force.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.173-185
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to understand the types of preferences to housewives' employment of husbands and wives, and to explore the differences in the personal, the family, and the job-related variables regarding such types of preferences. For this study, the employed housewives with children aged under 10 year were surveyed. The results of this study were as follow; 1) Types of perferences to housewives' employment of husbands were smaller compared to wives'. This may mean that husbands' traditional values related to child rearing and education, and housework influenced on their preferences to wives' employment. 2) There were significant differences in the types of preferences to housewives' employment regarding the types of wives' occupation. Wives working in the white color jobs were prefered themselves' employment more than wives working in the blue color jobs. 3) The group that both wives and husbands prefere housewives' employment was more positively perceived the effects of women's employment on both wives themselves and their children. Also such couples were satisfied more than and felt family-job strain less than other groups.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.408-421
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• 2019

Objectives: This study compared the dietary behaviors of single-person households when eating alone according to the employment pattern and age. Methods: A total of 566 people aged 20~59 years old were collected from the status of workers and classified into three groups according to their employment pattern (regular, non-regular workers and business owner). The subjects were collected by purposive quota sampling on a Gallup panel from June to November in 2017. The dietary behavior and perception of eating alone of the subjects were surveyed via online and self-reported questionnaires. Results: The frequency of eating alone was significantly higher in the regular group than the non-regular group and business group (p<0.01). The place of eating alone was significantly higher in the regular and non-regular group in the convenience store, and business group in the office (p<0.001). Ramen, the menu when eating alone, was significantly higher in the non-regular group than the other groups (p<0.01). The preference for eating alone was lower in the older age group (p<0.05). The young aged group (aged 20~30) ate more fast food and felt more convenience than the older aged group aged 40~50 years (p<0.05). Conclusions: Single-person households with a non-regular job have poorer dietary behavior in eating alone than those who had regular employment. In a situation of an increasing number of non-regular workers aged in their 20s and 30s, there is a high likelihood of social problems, such as health and poverty. This study highlights the need for a healthy food selection environment to improve the dietary life of single-person households with non-regular jobs for the diverse types of single-person households.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of regional ageing rate to industrial structures of rural areas in Korea. This paper shows that there are cause-effect relations between the industrial specialization and ageing rate in 'Agriculture', 'Finance & Insurance', and 'Real Estate & Leasing' sectors. The ageing levels are classified into ageing society, aged society, and super-aged society according to UN standard that cause different impacts on industrial specialization of regions. This paper finds that the industrial specialization is determined by the ageing levels. If there is an increase in ageing rate by 1% in ageing society, the industrial specialization of the three industries could be strengthened by 0.14%. But, ageing rates have negative impacts on the industrial specialization in aged society and super-aged society by 0.76% and by 1.20%, respectively, as increasing ageing rate by 1%. As the ageing rate progresses, 'Agriculture', 'Finance & Insurance' and 'Real Estate & Leasing'sectors have positive impacts on the industrial specialization in the ageing society. But 'Finance & Insurance' and 'Real Estate & Leasing' sectors have changed into negative impacts on the industrial specialization in the aged society. In the aged society, the employment of elderly persons of 'Agriculture' and 'Finance & Insurance' sectors increase by 1% makes positive impact on the industrial specialization by 1.54%, by 0.45%, respectively. The result of this paper can be applied to a significant guideline at establishing regional employment planning such as elderly customized employment, vocational training for rural areas, where above 14% of ageing rate.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.267-293
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of educational satisfaction on project effectiveness, and the mediating effect of participation satisfaction between educational satisfaction and project effectiveness of employment promotion project for the elderly. The data were Research of the aged joining employment promotion project for the elderly made by Korea Labor Force Development Institute for the Aged in 2010 and the total subject was 1220. Descriptive analysis, correlations analysis, and the multiple regression analysis for research model test were used. Additionally, Sobel test was used to verify the significant mediating effect. Results were obtained in this study as the educational satisfaction have significant effects on participation satisfaction. And the mediating effect of educational satisfaction on project effectiveness is statistically significant. Based on the findings, in order to increase project effectiveness, we need to realize the importance of education for the aged joining employment promotion project for the elderly, and consider the participation satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.133-144
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of human capital and social capital, including employment status, education, income, social supports, and social participations, on the health status of the elderly aged over 50, after controlling for various demographic variables. Data were from the 6th wave of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(n=3,459). The major findings of this study were as follows: First, human capital and social capital were both resources that can contribute to improving the health status of the elderly aged over 50. Second, the effects of human capital and social capital on the health status of the elderly differed in the three subsamples defined by employment status. Based on the empirical results, policy implications were provided.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.633-652
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits of the middle aged on quality of life while mediated by self-concepts such as self-efficacy and self-derogation, as well as while moderated by subjective socio-economic variables such as economic status, social activities and employment. To verify the conceptual causality model and moderating effects of contextual variables, we analysed 353 cases out of purposively collected 400 cases from a medium sized city. As results, first, conscientiousness of personality traits positively affected quality of life of the middle aged while mediated by self-concepts. Second, neuroticism of personality traits negatively affected quality of life while mediated by self-concepts. Third, agreeableness of personality traits did not eventually affect quality of life, although affected negatively on self-efficacy and positively on self-derogation. Fourth, socio-economic variables such as economic status, social activities and employment moderated various paths in the model, which indicated dynamics of internal variables were affected by contextual variables.