• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2018

The fatality of rollover accidents in motor vehicle crashes is high despite their low incidence. Through the investigation of a 12-passenger van rollover accident in which 10 passengers were involved, we intend to analyze the correlation between the severity of the injury and the position of the occupants. We collected accident information from medical records, interviews, photo-images of the damaged van, field surveys, and the results of the Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP). Based on the occupants' position, we classified injury sites and estimated injury severity. Passenger injury severity was evaluated by trauma score calculation. The initiation type of the rollover accident was passenger side 'fall-over' and the Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) code for the damaged van was 00TDZO3. The crash of the van involved 10 passengers, with an average age of $16.3{\pm}4.2years$. Few of the occupants had fastened seat belts at the time of the incident, and there was no airbag installed. One patient sustained severe liver injury and another was diagnosed with a fracture of the right humerus. The most common injuries were at the upper extremities and the neck. The average of Injury Severity Score (ISS) was $4.8{\pm}5.9$, and the average ISS of right-seated, mid-seated and left-seated occupants was $7.5{\pm}9.3$, $1.5{\pm}0.7$, and $3.3{\pm}2.1$ respectively (p>0.05). In the rollover (to-passenger side) accident of occupant unfastened, the average ISS of right-seated occupants (near side) was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 2021

In this paper, it was evaluated that the effect of self-healing microcapsules on the quality and healing properties of cement composites. In the mixing of microcapsules, the plastic viscosity and yield stress of the cement composites decreased due to the particle properties of the microcapsules, and decreased in proportion to the mixing ratio. The table flow showed a tendency to decrease as the core material acted as a stimulant due to the loss of microcapsules, and the compressive strength could be supplemented through unit quantity correction. As a result of evaluating the effect of microcapsule mixing on the healing properties of cement composites, it was found that the unit water flow rate decreased by the healing reaction immediately after crack initiation. When more than 3% of microcapsules were mixed, it was found that there was a healing rate of more than 95% at 7 days of healing age.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.174-180
• /
• 2023

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease caused by autoantibodies to proteins in the oral mucosa and skin. It is a rare disease with an annual incidence of 2.059 per million in South Korea. In many patients with PV, oral mucosal lesions precede other lesions elsewhere, and oral lesions can be the only manifestation. Early diagnosis is important because the disease has a high mortality rate if untreated appropriately in the early stages, and rapid treatment initiation is associated with rapid disease control. Oral PV lesions are clinically variable. In this study, we describe oral PV lesions in a 60-year-old woman, a 75-year-old man, and a 60-year-old man presenting with various clinical presentations. Oral PV lesions can affect any part of the oral mucosa, including the buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue, palate, and free mucosa, and can vary in appearance from desquamative gingivitis, painful ulcers, and erosions to aphthous-like stomatitis. Clinicians should be aware of the difficulty of early diagnosis in PV, particularly when oral lesions are the only manifestation, and should consider many factors, including the patient's age, to make an accurate diagnosis and manage oral lesions to improve the patient's quality of life and avoid delayed diagnosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.60 no.6
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lamotrigine for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with epilepsy. Methods: Pediatric patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy (n=90 [61 boys and 29 girls]; mean age, $9.1{\pm}3.4years$) were enrolled. All patients were evaluated with the Korean ADHD rating scale (K-ARS)-IV before treatment with lamotrigine and after doses had been administered. The mean interval of ADHD testing was approximately 12.3 months. The initial dosage of lamotrigine was 1 mg/kg/day (maximum 25 mg/day for the first 2 weeks), and increased by 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks until titrated up to 7 mg/kg/day (or maximum 200 mg/day). Results: The mean ADHD test score of the 90 subjects was $17.0{\pm}1.8$ at baseline. It was slightly reduced to $15.6{\pm}1.7$ after lamotrigine monotherapy (P>0.01). Prior to treatment, a total of 31 patients (34.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, Of these 31 patients, 27 (87.1%) had significantly improved ADHD scores with lamotrigine monotherapy ($28.0{\pm}1.6$ reduced to $18.1{\pm}2.6$, P<0.001). Among these 27 patients, 25 (92.6%) showed normalized electroencephalogram (EEG) and 26 (96.3%) achieved total freedom from seizures within 12 months of the initiation of lamotrigine monotherapy. Conclusion: The results from our study show that lamotrigine had a positive effect in pediatric epilepsy patients by reducing ADHD symptoms, preventing seizures, and normalizing EEG. However, further research is required to determine whether lamotrigine is efficacious against ADHD symptoms independent of its effects on epileptic seizures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.575-582
• /
• 2008

Carbonation is one of major factors influencing on the durability of concrete structure. This paper investigates the effect of carbonation on the soundness of harbor concrete structure and quantifies the influence of carbonation based on in-situation data tested at 369 points in 69 harbor facilities. The relationships between carbonation depth and cover depth, and between carbonation depth and compressive strength are studied and the failure probability of durability, that is the initiation probability of steel corrosion, is evaluated on the basis of reliability concept. The in-situation test results showed that the ratio of carbonation depth to cover depth was less than 0.2, and the carbonation depth increased with age. In most cases, the failure probability of durability by carbonation was less than 10%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the influence of carbonation on the durability of harbor concrete structure is smaller than other factors deteriorating the durability of harbor concrete structure.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 2006

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the attitude toward smoking and knowledge on smoking, self-efficacy, and self-esteem among high school students, and examine the moderate effects of gender on the differences in those variables between smoking and non-smoking students. As the result of investigation, it would suggest useful information for those who want to provide interventions of smoking prevention and smoking cessation to adolescents. Methods: Participants were 1,117 high school students (511 males, 584 females), whose mean age was 16.38 (SD=.87). To identify whether participants were smoking or not, bogus-pipeline was used. The data was collected with questionnaire include Smoking Attitude Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A Pearson chi-square test and 2-way MANOVAs were performed with SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Results: With bogus-pipeline, one hundred thirty five (26.0%) of male students and 125(21.4%) of female students reported as they were smoking, while 115(22.2%) of male students and 78(13.3%) of female students reported as they were smoking at unidentified survey which was performed one week before bogus-pipeline. Results revealed that students who smoked had more positive attitude toward smoking and more knowledge on smoking than those who didn't smoke. Difference in knowledge on smoking between smoking and non-smoking students only existed in female students. Female students who smoked had lower self-esteem than female students who didn't smoke, but this difference didn't exist in male students. Conclusion: With the results of this study, it is considered smoking rates of adolescents surveyed with unidentified self-report questionnaires as underestimated. Health practitioners might consider female smokers' attitude toward and knowledge on smoking and self-esteem, especially for high school students. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help those who want to prevent initiation of smoking and give up smoking in adolescence.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2024

Background: Little is known about the frequency and impact of the persistent headache and about the incidence of chronic daily headache (CDH) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, characteristics, and impact of CDH in patients with COVID-19. Methods: In the first stage, 288 patients were interviewed by telephone after the acute phase of COVID-19. Subsequently, 199 patients who presented headache were reinterviewed at least one year after COVID-19. Headaches that persisted beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 for three or more months and presented frequency ≥ 45 days over the first three months were considered to be CDH. Results: One hundred and twenty-three patients were included, 56% were females; median age: 50 years (25th and 75th percentile: 41;58). The headache persisted beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 in 52%, and 20.3% had CDH (95% confidence interval: 13.6-28.2). Individuals who previously had headaches and who had headaches of greater intensity during the acute phase were at higher risk of developing CDH. The group with CDH included more females, greater impact of headache, more persistence of headache beyond the 120th day of COVID-19 and less throbbing headache than did the other individuals whose headache persisted. Conclusions: Patients who had COVID-19 had a high incidence of CDH. Previous headache and greater intensity of headache were associated with higher risk of CDH.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2011

Despite aggressive treatment, the mortality rate of cardiogenic shock with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is high. We performed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) prior to coronary reperfusion, and evaluated the early clinical results and risk factors. Materials and Methods: From May 2006 to November 2009, we reviewed the medical records of 20 patients in cardiogenic shock with AMI (mean age $67.7{\pm}11.7$ yrs, M : F 14 : 6). After initially performing ECMO using the CAPIOX emergency bypass system ($EBS^{(R)}$Terumo, Tokyo, Japan), patients underwent coronary reperfusion (coronary artery bypass grafting, 13; percutaneous coronary intervention, 7). Results: All patients were in a cardiogenic shock state, cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) were performed for fourteen patients (mean CPR time $20.8{\pm}26.0$ min). The mean time from vascular access to the initiation of ECMO was $17.2{\pm}9.4$ min and mean support time was $3.8{\pm}4.0$ days. Fourteen patients were able to be weaned from ECMO and ten patients were discharged (mean admission duration $50.1{\pm}31.6$ days). Patients survived on average $476.6{\pm}374.6$ days of follow-up. Longer CPR and support time, increased cardiac enzyme, lower ejection fraction, lower albumin, and major complications were the risk factors of mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion: The early application of ECMO prior to coronary reperfusion and control of risk factors allowed for good clinical results in cardiogenic shock with AMI.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.299-314
• /
• 1977

Clinical experience on 16 cases of open heart surgery under the extracorporeal circulation with mild or moderate hypothermia and partial hemodilution technique at the National Medical Center during the period from June 1976 to October 1977. Nine of sixteen were congenital heart disease and seven were acquired heart disease. The age of the patient ranged between 6 and 48 years. The body weight varied from 18.5kg to 60kg and body surface area 0. 79-1.70m2. The average priming volume of pump oxygenator was 2080 ml, which was consisted fresh ACD blood, buffered Hartmann`s solution, Mannitol, 50% dextrose in water and Vit. C. The average hemodilution rate was 27%. The average flow 2.3 L/min/m2 or 80 ml/min and the duration of perfusion varied from 31 min to 270 min with average of 107 min. The perfusion was carried out under the mild or moderate hypothermia using core cooling alone in 10 cases, core cooling and local myocardial cooling with $0-4^{\circ}C$ physiologic saline in 2 cases. From a hemodynamic point of view, the blood pressure dropped down around 80 mmHg after the initiation of perfusion follwed by increase to safety level and stable during the perfusion. The central venous pressure remained within normal limits. In most cases, hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased during and after the perfusion. Hemogiobin level was decreased, average of 20.6 %, hematocrit 18.6%, pletelets 55% postoperatively. Plasma hemoglobin increased moderately, from preperfusion average valve of 7.79 mg % to post-perfusion value of 54.7 mg %. Electrolytes changes during cardiopulmonary bypass showed definite hypokalemia but changes of Na, Ca were not definite. Arterial blood gas analysis during cardiopulmonary bypass suggested that the metabolic acidosis which was accompanied by respiratory alkalosis which was corrected postoperatively. As the opera tive complication, transient hemoglobinuria in 4 cases and neurological signs in 2 cases were all cured. There were 2 death cases and operative mortality rate was 12.5%.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.461-472
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Golimumab (GLM) is an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibody preparation known to be less immunogenic than infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab. Few reports on GLM in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are available. This study aimed to review the long-term durability and safety of GLM in a pediatric center. Methods: The medical records of 17 pediatric patients (eight boys and nine girls) who received GLM at the National Center for Child Health and Development were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The median age at GLM initiation was 13.9 (interquartile range 12.0-16.3) years. Fourteen patients had pancolitis, and 11 had severe disease (pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index ≥65). Ten patients were biologic-naive, and 50% achieved corticosteroid-free remission at week 54. Two patients discontinued prior anti-TNF-α agents because of adverse events during remission. Both showed responses to GLM without unfavorable events through week 54. However, the efficacy of GLM in patients who showed primary nonresponse or loss of response to IFX was limited. Four of the five patients showed non-response at week 54. Patients with severe disease had significantly lower corticosteroid-free remission rate at week 54 than those without severe disease. No severe adverse events were observed during the study period. Conclusion: GLM appears to be safe and useful for pediatric patients with UC. Patients with mild to moderate disease who responded to but had some adverse events with prior biologics may be good candidates for GLM. Its safety and low immunogenicity profile serve as favorable options for selected children with UC.