Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion (보건교육건강증진학회지)

Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion (한국보건교육건강증진학회)
권호 표지

Moderate Effects of Gender on the Knowledge and Attitude toward Smoking and Self-concept among High School Students

성별에 따른 고등학생의 흡연에 대한 지식, 태도 및 자아개념

  • Lee Sun-Hye (Graduate School of Public Health and Social Welfare, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Suh Kyung-Hyun (Graduate School of Public Health and Social Welfare, Sahmyook University)
  • 이선혜 (삼육대학교 보건복지대학원) ;
  • 서경현 (삼육대학교 보건복지대학원)
  • Published : 2006.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the attitude toward smoking and knowledge on smoking, self-efficacy, and self-esteem among high school students, and examine the moderate effects of gender on the differences in those variables between smoking and non-smoking students. As the result of investigation, it would suggest useful information for those who want to provide interventions of smoking prevention and smoking cessation to adolescents. Methods: Participants were 1,117 high school students (511 males, 584 females), whose mean age was 16.38 (SD=.87). To identify whether participants were smoking or not, bogus-pipeline was used. The data was collected with questionnaire include Smoking Attitude Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A Pearson chi-square test and 2-way MANOVAs were performed with SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Results: With bogus-pipeline, one hundred thirty five (26.0%) of male students and 125(21.4%) of female students reported as they were smoking, while 115(22.2%) of male students and 78(13.3%) of female students reported as they were smoking at unidentified survey which was performed one week before bogus-pipeline. Results revealed that students who smoked had more positive attitude toward smoking and more knowledge on smoking than those who didn't smoke. Difference in knowledge on smoking between smoking and non-smoking students only existed in female students. Female students who smoked had lower self-esteem than female students who didn't smoke, but this difference didn't exist in male students. Conclusion: With the results of this study, it is considered smoking rates of adolescents surveyed with unidentified self-report questionnaires as underestimated. Health practitioners might consider female smokers' attitude toward and knowledge on smoking and self-esteem, especially for high school students. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help those who want to prevent initiation of smoking and give up smoking in adolescence.

Keywords

References

  1. 김명식, 권정혜. 청소년 흡연행동에 대한 인지매개 모델의 검증. 한국심리학회지 임상 2004;23:297-312
  2. 김한중. 흡연의 사회 경제적 비용. 한국금연운동협의회 (편), 흡연과 건강. (pp. 109-118). 한국금연운동협의회, 2000
  3. 김현옥. 청소년의 흡연관련 사회적 환경, 흡연거절 기술 및 금연관련 자기효능감. 아동간호학회지 2003;9:237-249
  4. 보건복지부. 국민건강증진종합계획 (Health Plan 2010). 보건복지부, 2002
  5. 서경현. 여성 흡연에 대한 건강심리학적 접근. 여성건강 2003;4:1-21
  6. 서경현. 청소년의 흡연 상황과 흡연 통기 및 섭식억제. 대한임상건강증진학회 2003:291-300
  7. 이선혜. 여자 고등학생의 흡연에 대한 태도, 지식 및 자아개념[석사학위논문]. 서울: 삼육대학교 보건복지대학원, 2001
  8. 이영자. 스트레스, 사회적지지, 자아존중감과 우울 및 불안과의 관계[박사학위논문]. 서울: 서울 여자대학교 대학원, 1993
  9. 주혜경. 일부 남자고등학생들의 스트레스 생황사건과 흡연의 관계연구[석사학위논문]. 서울: 서울대학교 보건대학원, 1994
  10. 지선하. 흡연에 의한 질병 부담. 한국금연운동협의회 (편), 흡연과 건강. (pp. 57-63). 한국금연운동협의회, 2000
  11. 한국금연운동협의회. 2004년 전국 중고등학교 학생 흡연 실태조사 서울: 한국금연운동협의회, 2004
  12. 한국금연운동협의회. 2005년 전국 중고등학교 학생 흡연 실태조사. 서울: 한국금연운동협의회, 2005
  13. 한국금연운동협의회. 흡연과 건강. 한국금연운동협의회, 2000
  14. 한종철, 오경자, 이기학. 한국인의 연령과 사회-심리적 요인에 따른 흡연 행동 분석. 흡연위생연구 1995;110-98
  15. Aguinis H, Pierce CA, Quigley BM. Conditions under which a bogus pipeline procedure enhances the validity of self-reported cigarette smoking: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1993;23:352-373 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01092.x
  16. Ajzen I, Fishbein M. The prediction of behavior from attitudinal and normative variables Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1980;6:400-487
  17. Baer JS, Lichtenstein E. Cognitive assessment In DM Donovan, GA Marlatt (Eds.), Assessment of Addictive Behavior (pp.189-213). NY: The Guilford Press, 1988
  18. Bandura, A. Social foundations of thought and action : A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986
  19. Becker MH, Rosenstock IM. Compliance with medical advice. In A Steptoe & A mathews (Eds.), HeaIth Care and Human Behavior. London: Academic Press, 1984
  20. Botvin EM, Botvin GJ, Renick NL, Filazzola AD, Allegrante JP. Adolescents' self-reports of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use: examining the comparability of video tape, cartoon and verbal bogus-pipeline procedures. Psychlogical Report 1984;55:379-386 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1984.55.2.379
  21. Brannon L, Feist J. Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health. Belmont: Wordworth, 2000
  22. Campanelli PC, Dielman TE, Shope JT. Validity of adolescents' self-reports of alcohol use and misuse using a bogus pipeline procedure. Adolescence 1987;22:7-22
  23. Chassin L, Presson CC, Sherman SJ, Edwards DA. The natural history of cigarette smoking and young adult social roles. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1992;33:328-47 https://doi.org/10.2307/2137312
  24. Elders MJ, Perry CL, Erikson MP. The report of the Surgeon General: Preventing tobacco use among young people. American Journal of Public Health 1994;84:543-547 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.4.543
  25. Epstein JA, Griffin KW, Botvin GJ. A model of smoking among inner-city adolescents: the role of personal competence and perceived social benefits of smoking. Preventive Medicine 2003;31:107-14
  26. Festinger L, Carlsmith JM. Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1959;58:203-210 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041593
  27. Hall SM. Women and drugs. In VJ Adesso, DM Reddy, R. Fleming (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on women's health (pp.101-126). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1934
  28. Henshke WA. Globallink Tob-News, World Press, 1999
  29. Jerusalem M, Schwarzer R. Self-efficacy as a resource factor in stress appraisal processes. In R. Schwarzer (Eds.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 195-213). Washington, DC: Hemisphere 1992
  30. Jessor R, Jessor SL. Problem behavior and psychosocial development. New York: Academic Prses, 1971
  31. Johnson JT, Feignbaum. R, Weisbeg M. Some determinants and consequences of the teacher's perception of causality. Journal of Educational Psychology 1964;55:237-246 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043389
  32. Kremer SP, Mudde AN, Vries H. Subtypes within the contemplation stage of adolescent smoking acquisition. Addictive Behaviors 2001;26:236-251
  33. Leventhal H, Cleary PD. The smoking problem: A Review of the research and theory in behavior' risk modification. Psychological Bulletin 1980;88:370-405 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.370
  34. Murray DM, O'Connell CM, Schmid LA, Perry CL. The validity of smoking self-reports by adolescents: a reexamination of the bogus pipeline procedure. Addicted Behavior 1987;12:7-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(87)90003-7
  35. Peto R. Smoking and death: The past 40 years and next 40 years. Behavior Medicine Journal 1994;319:937-939
  36. Pierce JP, Choi WS, Gilpin EA. Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Henlth Psychology 1996;15:355-361 https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.15.5.355
  37. Rosenberg M. Society and adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965
  38. Schoenbaum M. Do smokers understand the mortality effects of smoking? Evidence from the Health Retirement Survey. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87:755-759 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.5.755
  39. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the health consequences of smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: USDHHS, 1989
  40. United States Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking for women, A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: USDHHS, 1980
  41. Werch CE, Gorman DR, Marty PJ, Forbess J, Brown B. Effects of the bogus-pipeline on enhancing drug use measures. Jornal of School Health 1987;57:232-236 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1987.tb07839.x
  42. Wrlliams T, Clarke VA. Optimistic bias in belief about smoking. Australian Journal of Psychology 1997;49:106-112 https://doi.org/10.1080/00049539708259861
  43. World Health Organization. Building Blocks for Tobacco Control. Geneva: WHO Press, 2004