• 아동학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 1985

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between mothers' bsex-role attitudes and child-rearing values of independence granting and pressure for achievement, and also to examine variations in mothers' attitudes by sex of child. The subjects of this study were 260 mothers of preschool girls and boys. They were middle and high SES class and highly educated. The 20 item version of the Feminism Scale (FEM Scale) was used to measure mothers 'attitudes toward women's sex-role ideology. The Korean Sex-Trait Stereotype Measure was used to measure the mothers' sex-perception of masculinity and feminity. The 5-item translated Barnett Independence Granting Scale was used to measure independence granting. The 7-item version of the Barnett Pressure for Achievement Scale was used to measure mothers' pressure on their children for achievement. Data analysis consisted of Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test. The results were: 1. Mothers' nontraditional sex-role ideology was significantly related to lower mean age of independence granting and to pressure for achievement. 2. Two self-perception scores (self-masculine and self-feminine) were not related to mean age of independence granting but were significant1y related to pressure for achievement. 3. The mean age of independence granting was lower for sons than for daughters. 4. Mothers put more pressure for achievement on sons than on daughters.

• 복식
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• 제29권
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• pp.71-83
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was 1) to investi-gate the trends of sex-role attitudes of women and 2) to examine the relations between sex-role attitudes and Yin-yang characteristics in clothing design. The survey was conducted among 317 women in Seoul and Kyunggi province. The results were as follows: 1) Androgynious gender and masculine gen-der with sex-role attitudes are strongly ap-peared among the low-age university students and not-married group. 2) Yang characteristics with light and cool-warm color to the clothing color and with clothing design are strongly appeared ming the low-age university students and not-mar-ried group. 3) Masculine attitude with clothing design preference attitudes are strongly appeared among the low-ager university students and not-married group. Many persons appeared to have feminine attitude rather than in andro-gynious attitude. 4) There are significant differences between sex-role attitudes and yin-yang characteristics to the clothing design. A high level of mascu-line gender is storngly indicated the yang characteristics with saturation to the clothing colorand and with clothing design 5) There are significant differences between sex-role attitudes and clothing design prefer-ence attitudes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.420-428
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine relationship among the observed frequencies of 12 beverages selected by college men and women according to sex, age, race and academic classification and to estimate consumption of milk according to sex, age, race and academic classification. The instrument consisted of a check list and four questions. The sample of 282 subjects, 149 college men and 133 college women, was made by the accidental choice method. Observations occurred in the university center cafeteria at the dinner meal. The significant relationship s were sex and race in association with beverage selections by all subjects. The proportion of men in the distribution who selected regular , carbonated soft drinks and the proportion of white students who selected any of the carobnated soft drinks were the influencies. The result of the study indicated that carbonated soft drinks were the most preferred items followed by milk, water, iced tea, fruit juices, coffee, cocoa, and tea.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.191-207
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of socialization of household work and to analyze the influence of demographic and psycho-social variable on socialization of household work. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were administrated to 314 housewives in Pusan. For the statistical analysis were as follows; 1)The degree of socialization in the domain of food showed significant difference by number of family, number of children, housewife's age, housewife's education, husband's education, income and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of housing showed significant difference by family pattern, housewife's education, husband's education, state of housewife employment. husband's occupation , income and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of clothing showed significant difference by housewife's age, housewife's education, husband's education , state of housewife employment. husband's occupation, income and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of family management showed significant difference by number of children, housewife's age. state of housewife employment, income, period of marriage life and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of home management showed significant difference by housewife's education, husband's occupation, sex-role attitude and share of household work. 2) The socialization in the domain of food was influenced husband's education, income, housewife's education and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of housing was influenced husband's education, income, housewife's occupation and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of clothing was influenced husband's education, income. housewife's occupation and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of family management was influenced husband's education, shave of household work. and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of home management was influenced husband's education, shave of household work, and sex-role attitude.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2018

Purpose: Bone marrow has long been a source of primary cells. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of age and sex on the cellular viability and expression of stem cell markers of mRNA and on the protein expression of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) derived from healthy donors. Materials and Methods: Stem cells were isolated from human bone marrow and plated in culture plates. The shape of the BMSCs was observed under inverted microscope. Quantitative cellular viability was evaluated using a Cell-Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of stem cell surface markers was tested and a series of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression in each group. Result: The shapes of the cells at 20s, 30s, and 50s were similar to each other. No significant changes in cellular viability were noted among different age groups or sex groups. The BMSCs expressed CD44, CD73, and CD90 surface markers but did not express CD14 and CD34. There were no noticeable differences in CD surface markers among the different age groups. The expressions of CD surface markers were similar between men and women. No significant differences in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) were noted at Day 3 between different age groups. qRT-PCR regarding the expression showed differences between the age groups. However, Western blot analysis showed a decrease in expression but did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study clearly showed no significant differences in shape, cell viability, expression of stem cell surface markers, or secretion of human VEGF among different age groups. However, western blot analysis showed a tendency of age-related decrease which did not reach statistical significance. Collectively, autologous or allogeneic BMSCs should be meticulously applied to obtain optimal results regarding age and sex.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.191-202
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of father's participation on child-rearing in relation to parents' sex-role streotypes and conjugal power structure and backg-round factors(children's sex paternal aged and educational level. maternal employment status and family's socio-economic status) The subjects of the study 368 couples who have preschoolers. The main study was conducted from sep. 17 to Oct. 2. 1992 using a set of questionaires which has been revised after a pilot study of 38 couples Statistical method for data analysis were frequencies percentiles means ANOVA Duncan's multiple range test F-Test and Cronbach's a. The results indicated 1) That There were significant differences in the degree of father's participation on child-rearing in term of children's sex parternal age the parents' sex-role streotypes the type of conjugal power structure. 2) that the variables which have significant effects on the degree of father's participation of child-rearing were conjugal power structure mother's sex-role types and father's age.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the effect of body mass index (BMI) and stress on high-risk diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 4,271 male and female adults participating in the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 was performed. The participants were evaluated using questionnaires and blood tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, and multiple logistic regression analysis (SPSS 24.0). Results: To identify sexspecific effects, interaction variables were included. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was higher in men than in women, and the risk of DM decreased 0.31 times in women compared to that in men. As age increased, the odds of risk DM increased 1.03. The risk of DM increased 1.99 times in overweight individuals and 2.79 times for obese individuals compared to that in individuals with normal weight. Stress levels were higher in women than in men, but stress is not an influential factor in high-risk DM. In age-sex interaction, the odds of risk DM increased 1.02 in women compared to that in men as age increased. Conclusion: HbA1c level was affected by age-sex interaction, and age and sex should be considered in the application of HbA1c in the diagnosis of DM.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.307-310
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to provide the data of blood chemistry in use of application to clinical diagnosis in racehorses. Blood was collected from 30 racehorses(♀ 17, ♂ 13). Calcium, inorganic phosphorus, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, bilirubin, fibrinogen and ketone body in serum were analyzed as follows. 1. The values of calcium and inorganic phosphorus were maintained a certain level without much variation regardless of sex and species, Ca/P ratio was in the range of 3.13~3.35. 2. The value of blood glucose was 60 mg/100ml, Age and sex of racehorses make no difference in the value. 3. The value of blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol showed a tendency to increase according to the age. Total cholesterol value was somewhat higher in male than in female. 4. The value of total bilirubin showed a tendency to increase according to the age. There was no difference between sexes in the value. 5. The value of fibrinogen showed no apparent difference with age and sex. 6. Ketone body was negative in all of the cases. 7. There was no variation in the species of the racehorses.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1993

The purpose of this study are to investigate the actual conditions of urban housewive's sex role attitude, the value consciousness of home management and the satisfaction of household work. Further, basic data fro the improvement of the satisfaction of household work and the value consciousness of home management will be produce through grasping the relationship of them. For these purposes, the data are collected by using questionnaire distributed to 394 housewives living in Taegu. The data are analyzed using frequency, pecentile, one way anova, pearson's correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are as follow: 1. Urban housewive's sex role attitude comparatively took the transitional position and the value consciousness of home management was middle. Housewive's satisfaction of household work was generally usual. 2. There were significant differences in the sex role attitude according to housewive's age, educational level, the youngest child's age, durations of marriage. Specially, the variables which significantly affected sex role attitude were housewive's educational level, the youngest child's age. 3. The value consciousness of home management of urban housewives was variable according to housewive's age and educational level, monthly family income, durations of marriage, the youngest child's age, the type of housing, husband's educational level and job. 4. Among the independent variables, the houswive's educational level was variable to have influence on the satisfaction of household work. 5. There were significant differences in the satisfaction of household work according to housewive's sex role attitude. 6. Among the domains of the value consciousness of home management, the value consciousness about family relationships, consuming, educational and leader ship were variable to have influence on the satisfaction of household work.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

The purposes of this study were to investigate bag purchasing behaviors and design preferences of male and female adult consumers, and to find the differences depending on sex and age variable. A survey was conducted on 400 male and female adults from 20s to 50s. The questionnaire consisted of bag purchase behaviors, bag design preferences, and the subjects' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, factor analysis, x² test and t-test using SPSS. The results were as follows. First, as bag selection criteria, four factors (practicality, symbolism, aesthetics, and economics) were derived, and adult consumers considered economics as the most important among the factors. As for purchasing information sources, three factors (media, human resources, and store) were derived, and adult consumers considered human resources and store information sources more important than media. The main motive for purchasing bags was age and damage of the owned products, and Internet shopping malls were the most common purchasing place. The average annual cost of purchasing bags was 100,000 to 300,000 won, and the frequency of purchase was about once a year. Second, as bag preference images, four factors (individual, romantic, active, and classic image) were derived, and adult consumers preferred classic images the most. The shoulder bag was the most preferred as the bag shape, and black was the most preferred bag color. For the material, natural leather was the most preferred, and for the size, medium size was the most preferred. Third, bag purchasing behaviors and design preferences showed many significant differences according to the sex and age of the consumers. Therefore, the results of this study suggests that bag companies need to establish product development and marketing strategies in consideration of differences according to the sex and age group of adult consumers.