• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.719-723
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• 2011

Antimicrobial activities of methanol, ethanol, water, and $CH_2Cl_2$ extracts from Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia and F. ussuriensis Maxim. were investigated by disk-agar diffusion method. The result showed comparatively strong antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. The extracts from F. unibracteata and F. ussuriensis dosedependently increased the activity. However, water and $CH_2Cl_2$ extracts showed no antimicrobial activity against 7 microorganisms. Especially, against the most sensitive microorganism Staphylococcus epidermidis, methanol extracts at highest concentration of 20 mg/mL exhibited the largest clear zone on plate by 6-12 mm and ethanol extracts on plate by 6-10 mm.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2007

작업장 내 공기오염의 중요성을 평가하기 위하여 신선편이채소 작업장 내 실내 공기와 제품에서 검출되는 미생물 종류 및 수준을 조사하고 양배추 생산작업을 대상으로 관련된 작업공간의 공기 미생물, 작업설비 및 세척수, 원료 및 제품에 대하여 미생물 실험을 실시하였다. 실내 공기 중의 미생물은 air sampler를 이용하여 1000 L의 공기에서 부유균을, plate count agar를 이용하여 낙하균을 각각 8 회 포집하여 분리하였으며 그 외 장비와 제품에 대한 미생물은 총균수 측정 후 colony를 분리하였으며 분리된 균은 Vitek (R)2 compact system으로 동정하였다. 부유균과 낙하균의 총균수준은 각각 $10^2-10^3CFU/m^3,{\sim}10^1CFU/plate$, 또한 원료, 생산라인 및 최종제품에서 검출된 총균수준은 각각 $10^3CFU/g,{\sim}10^4CFU/cm^2,\;10^4CFU/g$수준이었다. 동정결과 생산과정의 여러 검체에서 공기미생물과 같은 균종이 검출되어 공기 미생물이 제품의 오염에 영향을 줄 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2004

The arylsulfatase gene (astA, 984 bp ORF) from the P. carrageenovora genome was amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pET21a vector. When the constructed plasmid pAST-A1 (6.4 kb) was introduced into E. coli BL21(DE3), the transformant on the LB plate containing IPTG showed a hydrolyzing activity for 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate and p-nitrophenyl sulfate. The highest arylsulfatase activity (2.1 unit/ml) was obtained at 10 mM IPTG. Most arylsulfatase activity was found in the cell lysate, whereas no significant activity was detected in the culture supernatant. The molecular weight of the recombinant enzyme was estimated to be 33.1 kDa by SDS-PAGE. After the reaction of agar with arylsulfatase for 12 h at $40^{\circ}C$, the gel strength of the agar increased by 2-fold, and 73% of the sulfate in the agar had been removed. This result suggests that arylsulfatase expressed in E. coli could be useful in the production of electrophoretic grade agarose.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1990

평판배지상 세균 colony의 체외 세포 효소활성을 직접 측정할 수 있는 신속하고 정확한 방법에 대하여 기술하였다. 일반적으로 세균의 효소 특성을 살피기 위해서는 단백질, 전분, chitin, tween-80 등과 같은 고분자 물질을 첨가한 선택배지를 사용하고 있으나 그 방법상 여러 가지 문제점이 있다 그러므로 본 연구에서는 형광물질의 일종인 Methvlumbell liferyl(MUF) 기질이 일반적으보 사용되고 있는 천연 고분자 물질고 유사한가를 순수분리세균 균주를 이용하여 실험으로 검증하였다. MUF 기질 분해원리에 기초를 둔 기술한 새로운 방법은 순수 분리 균주는 물론 colony 계수에 사용되는 평판배지상에서도 세균의 체외세포 효소 특성을 정량적으로 측정 가능하게 한다. 본 새로운 방법을 이용하여 담수 생태계와 해양 퇴적토내 종속영양세균의 체외 효소 활성을 측정하여 고찰하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 1985

두부의 제조공정중 Ca염의 농도를 전기전도도법에 의하여 측정할 수 있도록 전극을 제작하여 화학분석 방법과 비교하였다. 전극은 구리판을 재료로 3가지 종류로 제작하여 $CaCl_2$용액, 순물, -agar gel 및 두부에서 전기전도도를 측정하는데 사용하였다. 전기전도도와(Y, mho)와 Ca농도 (C, Mole $\bar{C}$, mg% 습물기준) 간에는 직선적 비례관계를 보였고, 순물과 두부에서 실험적으로 얻어진 회귀직선의 방정식은 다음과 같다. Y순물 = 0.6364C+0.0775 Y두부$=7.1503{\times}10^{-5}\bar{C}-2.9895{\times}10^{-3}$ 이들 관계식은 두부에서 r=0.91(두부)에서 r=0.99(순물)에 이르는 신뢰도를 나타냈다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2004

Objective : Recently scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute toxicity of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture. Method : In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, We have observed a bacteriological examination and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment. Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with Scolopendrid aquaacupuncture treatment for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. We analyzed physical reaction(side effect)and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment of mice and 20 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results : In the Blood agar plate and Nutrient agar plate, a bacteriological examination did not show a bacillus. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. Reanl function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 5.0% compared with previous study. In the 20 patients treated with Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture, Electrolyte were normal range before and after treatment. In the Urine analysis of 20 patients, Leukocyte, Protein, Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 1989

Effects of the inoculum size of testing organism and pH of the plate and the concentration of agar were investigated for the selection of high kasugamycin producing mutants of Streptomyces kasugaensis ATCC 15114. For the detection of high kasugamycin-producing mutants, both concentrations of agar and test organism were optimized at the concentrations of 2% and 0.35 (A$_{550}$), respectively. The pH 7 was optimum for both growing the testing organism, Pseudomonas fluorescens IFO 12180, and for obtaining more promising mutant strains of S. kasugaensis. Under these conditions, mutants had been isolated which, tested later in liquid cultures, gave higher kasugamycin yields than that of the parent strain.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2008

Cellular phones are the most used electronic device everyday in modern life and are always in contact with our hands, Although many studies have revealed microorganisms living on our hands, there are only a few reports on the research about products or places which are in contact with our hands. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify microorganisms living in cellular phones. Microorganisms were scraped from cellular phones of students and professors from the clinical laboratory science department in Daegu Health College, and cultured at Brain Heart Infusion agar and MacConkey agar following API kit to identify them. The average colony number was $1.5{\times}10^2$ on BHI agar and $40{\times}10$ on MacConkey agar. There was no difference according to gender. In Gram stain result, Gram(+) Cocci showed the highest frequency. Also in BHI agar plates, Micrococcus spp and Acinetobacter baumannii identified with high frequency. Moreover, S. aureus, which is very well known as strong food poisoning bacteria, was isolated. Klebsiella pneumonia ssp pneumonia was isolated with the highest frequency from the MacConkey agar or S-S agar plate. From these results show, there are as many different microorganisms from cellular phones as from our hands. This is the first report isolating strong food poisoning bacteria in cellular phones. Since infection in hospitals have been an important issue to be aware of, it is equally necessary to investigate cell phones and products which hospital workers touch with their hands.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2021

In virucidal efficacy testing, the chemical inactivation cannot be determined for all viruses due to the difficulties or the inability to culture sufficiently or the risk of exposure to the viruses. Therefore, disinfectants against these viruses could be evaluated by different methods and surrogate viruses are used as alternative. In this study we developed a method for efficacy testing of veterinary disinfectants using one of the candidate surrogate viruses, bacteriophage MS2, as part of the research on the selection of surrogate viruses for efficiency of efficacy testing of veterinary disinfectants. This method is based on the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) guidelines for efficacy testing of veterinary disinfectants. Bacteriophage and disinfectant are reacted in suspension in accordance with the APQA guidelines and then a newly established double agar layer method is applied for the efficacy test. The double agar layer method is summarized as follows: 1) The bottom agar with 1.5% agar is boiled and cooled before poured into petri dishes at volume of 20 mL, and dried under biological safety cabinet. 2) The top agar with 0.7% agar is boiled and kept at 50℃ before E. coli culture was seeded. 3) The serially diluted bacteriophage MS2-disinfectant mixtures 0.05 mL and E. coli host 0.01 mL (OD₆₀₀ 0.2~0.3) are mixed with 5 mL of top agar and incubate them at 50℃ for 5 min for reaction. 4) The resulting mixture is poured over top of a bottom agar plate and rocked sufficiently to ensure that the top agar covers the entire surface of the bottom agar. 5) The double agar layer is then placed under biological safety cabinet to allow the agar layer to solidify and subsequently incubated at 37℃ for 24 hr. 6) Following incubation, the plates may be inspected for plaques and record results.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1986

Sisomicin 생산균인 Micromonospora inyoensis 균주를 변이유기체로 처리하였을 때 활성이 높은 균주들을 얻기 위한 최적조건으로는 각각 자외선(UV light) 처리에서 90％, nitrosoguanidine(NTG)에 대해 99％, nitrous acid에 대해 99.3％의 사멸율을 나타내는 경우였다. 이 때 분리된 colony들의 sisomicin생성능의 측정은 액체배양 대신 쉽고 간편한 agar plug법을 사용하였다. 한편, 변이유기제로 처리한 후 우량균주를 선택적으로 분리하기 위한 방법으로 aminoglycoside계통의 항생물질 혹은 중금속염을 함유한 농도구배 agar plate에서 생성된 균주들의 화성을 살펴본 결과, 항생물질로서는 gentamicin, kanamycin 이, 중금속염으로서는 Co, Hg가 효과적이었다.