• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1475-1486
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• 2007

This study aims to develop knitted ware design to meet desire to express diversity in the modern fashion design so that we designed knitted ware by applying african geometric pattern and color to suggest new knitted ware design. We collect data about african texture pattern through technical books, publications, internet, and preceding research and visit and investigate the African museum. We investigate knitted Jacquard texture through preceding research and collect sample and data which is insufficient in the data source. The conclusions in this study are summarized as follows: First, African textile pattern is formulated with animism based on their religious view of art for a basis and African regards nature like animal and plant as a motive and interprets nature in the so that they can create symbolized geometric features that constitute African texture pattern. Those patterns is composed of extremely geometric figures so that they we fit to apply for color jacquad knit design. Second, color knitted jacquad can be distinguished by knitting method and status of knitting as 7 kinds of techniques such as Nomal, Bird'eye, Floating, Tubular, Ladder's back, Blister, Transfer Jacquard, and as a result of preceding research and knitting texture directly, jacquard technique makes different texture under same condition like consistent spinning rate and same crochet hook. Third, Bird'eye Jacquard used generally to make knitted ware and Ladder's back Jacquard, Tubular Jacquard used to make knitted ware light are fit to apply them to 7GG and 12GG machines. We design a cloak as a outer garment, a coat shaped like one-piece dress and a coat with hood by using Tubular Jacquard which can make thick texture and design a jacket, a skirt and a one-piece dress by using Bird'eye Jacquard. we make a light and flimsy one-piece dress by using Ladder's back Jacquard. Fourth, we apply the contrast of $4{\sim}6$ color and line and the contrast of texture and raw material to jacquard in order to emphasize texture property and visual property.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.330-344
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• 2023

This research report cuts across management sciences (market strategy entry mode development) and innovative technology (Electric Vehicle (EV)) alongside measures to submerge global warming. The development of a successful entry mode for the electric Vehicle into the African continent is the main objective of the study. The study focuses on an analysis of how electric car manufacturers can enter the African market in other to achieve global sustainability and social responsibility. The methodology is based on identifying the factors that affect the choice of an entry mode into international markets by multinational companies desiring to leverage their revenue through a foreign market. It also offered a quantitative approach that can support the economic and sustainability entry mode model for EVs and a qualitative approach of Porter's five forces analysis as an entry mode coaching tool for EVs. These proxies are used in quite a wide range of multivariate statistical methods (trend analysis, ratio, and probability, comparative t-test technique, auto-regression, and ordinary least square technique). The result acknowledges joint venture and setting of the plant (physical presents) as the optimal entry mode in African EV market. It requires the EV manufacturers a tire-free emission innovation technology in order to optimize the global sustainability initiative.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2018

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an export crop and source of income in Tanzania. However, its productivity is challenged by insect pests and diseases. Cashew Leaf and Nut Blight Disease (CLNBD) caused by Cryptosporipsis spp. has been cited as one of the most devastating diseases in Tanzania. Studies were conducted to investigate incidences and severities of CLNBD on cashew in farmers' fields and elite cashew hybrids developed in 1996 and 1998 in eastern and southern zones of Tanzania. Furthermore, a screen house experiment was conducted to screen these hybrids against CLNBD at Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Mtwara, Tanzania. The results indicated significant differences (P<0.001) in CLNBD incidences and severities in cashew in farmers' fields across Bagamoyo, Nachingwea and Mtwara districts. Further, there were significant differences (P<0.001) among hybrids in CLNBD severities in the screen house experiment. In ranking the elite cashew hybrids, 38 were tolerant and 14 were susceptible to CLNBD. This observation suggests that elite cashew hybrids developed in 1996 and 1998 are more tolerant to CLNBD compared to cashew found in farmers' fields. These findings strongly suggest that the elite cashew hybrids can be recommended for commercial farming in Tanzania.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and flowering of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sello ex Ruem & Schult.) seedlings before and after storage under fluorescent lamps and green LED radiation conditions with different light intensities during storage. The both seedlings were kept under a storage room controlled at $8^{\circ}C$ air temperature and $40{\pm}10%$ relative humidity conditions. Light intensities were maintained at 15 and $30{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ during storage. In lighting treatments, dry weight of African marigold at 28 days after storage was not significantly different, and decreased approximately 29% compared to pre-storage under dark treatment. There was no significant difference in the leaf area of salvia seedlings stored under dark condition compared to before storage, but the leaf area under green light radiation with higher light intensity (treatment GH) was two times greater than before storage. The survival rate after transplanting of African marigold stored under dark condition was 10%, and days to flowering increased compared to those stored under fluorescent and green light with higher light intensity (treatment FLH, GH). Comparing to before storage, growth and flowering of the both seedlings after storage were significantly promoted by the light exposure during storage. The present experimental results show that the light intensity should be decided to maintain minimum growth during lighting storage and storage quality of the seedlings such as flowering promotion and extended blooming period after lighting treatment during storage period from the above results.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

Tissue culture systems to optimize regeneration plant species of Ocimum spp were evaluated as a method to micropropagate individual plants and to better study their biology in vitro. Ocimum species were also evaluated for the production of natural plant products during and following the regeneration process. The primary goal of this project was to enhance the regeneration efficiency of basil. Several factors were examined using different Ocimum species and commercial varieties. The effect of cytokinin combination, activated charcoal, gelling agents, and different carbon sources were investigated. Anthocyanin callus spots were produced only in four varieties among six tested. 'Sweet Dani' showed the best results on anthocyanin accumulation, while 'African beauty', 'Tree basil' and 'Methylcinnamate' produced only a few spots. Shoot regeneration was only achieved from 'Sweet Dani' explants. As the activated charcoal concentration increased, callus formation rate decreased respectively compare to the controls for all varieties. There was a decrease in callus growth with increasing concentration of agar and phytagel.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.466-472
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• 2016

The objectives of the study were to analyze the various nutrient contents of ready-to-use-supplemental-food (RUSF) developed with Eastern African ethnic plants and compare them with commercially available supplemental food (CASF) for infants. RUSF was made with three African plants, including Ficus sur, Amaranthus caudatus, and Prosopis juliflorafa and locally available food ingredients in DR Congo and Ethiopia and was cooked at $180^{\circ}C$ for 20 min in a conventional oven. Macronutrients were analyzed by the AOAC method. Contents of 17 amino acids were analysed with amino acid analyzer, and vitamin $B_1%$ niacin, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were analyzed with HPLC. Isomers of vitamin E were analyzed by GC-FID. The price of RUSF was 0.133 USD per 100g. Contents of macronutrients were not significantly different between developed RUSF and CASF. Results of amino acid analysis showed that most amino acid contents were similar or higher in RUSF compared with CASF. However, glutamic acid and lysine contents were less in RUSF than in CASF. Vitamin E and vitamin $B_1$ contents were more than five times higher in RUSF (22.40, 6.26 mg/100 g, respectively) than in CASF (4.00, 0.80 mg/100 g, respectively). Niacin was about three times higher while vitamin $B_6$ was almost 20 times higher in RUSF than in CASF. However, ascorbic acid was significantly lower in RUSF (3.43 mg/100 g) than in CASF (42.08 mg/100 g). Our study found that the developed localized RUSF showed higher nutrient contents in most micronutrients analyzed except for ascorbic acid. Out of 17 amino acids, glutamic acid and lysine contents in RUSF were less than in CASF. Therefore, further study is needed in order to improve these nutrients contents.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.367-380
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• 2018

Stems and pods of hyacinth bean cultivated in a farmer's field in Gazipur District, Bangladesh, were found rotted in nearly 5% hyacinth bean plants. A fungus having fluffy mycelium and large sclerotia was isolated from affected tissues. Combined results of morphological, molecular and pathological analyses identified the fungus as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary. Inoculating the fungus on healthy hyacinth bean plants and pods reproduced the symptoms previously observed in the field. The three isolates obtained from naturally infected plants were cross inoculated in hyacinth bean, okra and African-American marigold and they were pathogenic to these hosts. The optimum temperature and pH for its growth were $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, respectively. Sclerotial development was favored at pH 5.0. Sucrose and mannitol were the best carbon sources to support hyphal growth, while glucose was the most favourable for sclerotial development. The hyacinth bean genotypes, HB-82 (Rupban Sheem) and HB-102 were found highly resistant, while HB-94 (Ashina) was moderate resistant to the fungus. Finally, S. sclerotiorum was sensitive to Bavistin, Dithane M-45 and Rovral fungicides and Ca in the form of $CaCl_2$. This observation could possibly aid in eliminating field loss in hyacinth bean caused by an emerging pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

In this study we investigated the embryo toxicity of three kinds of plant extracts during early development of African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis through FETAX assay (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Aassay with Xenopus). The plants used in this study were the materials of the Korean herbal medicines, Polygala tenuifolia, Lycium chinensis and Comus officinalis. The test embryos exposed to 1, 10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of each plant extract and control embryos were incubated for 96h at $24{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. The focus of this study is to elucidate the malformation due to toxicity of plant extracts, especially, to elucidate plant inducing optic malformation. As a result, the growth inhibition of embryos, optic malformation, axial distortion, cephalic and abdominal edema, dysplasia of digestive track and hyper-pigmentation were occurred in all of extracts, and these malformations were increased to the increase of extract concentration. The rate of optic malformation was highest in $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Lycium chinensistreated group and 27% of tested 150 individuals showed optic hernia. The histological results showed enlarged ventriculum in brain, dysplasia of vitreous chamber in eye and unclear retinal layers.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2016

Subtropical insect pests expand their habitats by migration to temperate zones along with global climate change. A subtropical insect pest, Maruca vitrata, is infesting leguminous crops including azuka beans in Korea and gives significant economic damages. Its great genetic variation raised an issue of the origin of a Korean M. vitrata population. To understand the genetic character of the Korean population, its cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) gene was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed with other regional populations. The world populations of M. vitrata were grouped into three clusters: Asia-African, American, and Oceanian. The Korean population was classified into Asia-African cluster. To characterize the insecticide susceptibility of the Korean population, seven different insecticides (4 neutoxic insecticides, 1 insect growth regulator, 2 biopesticides) were assessed. Young larvae of M. vitrata were relatively susceptible to all tested insecticides. However, old larvae were much less susceptible than young larvae. No test insecticides effectively (> 50%) killed the old larvae of M. vitrata within 7 days.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.18-18
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• 1999

A sweet protein monellin was originally isolated from the berries of the West African plant Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii. The studies for molecular interaction of different sweeteners with receptor as well as receptor binding model have been proposed previously. The high-resolution solution structure of single-chain monellin (SCM) has been determined to investigate structural origin of sweet taste by NMR spectroscopy and simulated annealing calculations.(omitted)