Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Current Status of Cashew Leaf and Nut Blight Disease (Cryptosporiopsis spp.) and Screening of Elite Cashew Hybrids Developed in 1996 and 1998 against the Disease in Eastern and Southern Tanzania

  • Majune, Dadili Japhet (Schoolof Life Sciences and Bio-engineering the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)) ;
  • Masawe, Peter Albert (Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute) ;
  • Mbega, Ernest Rashid (Schoolof Life Sciences and Bio-engineering the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST))
  • Received : 2018.11.15
  • Accepted : 2018.11.21
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an export crop and source of income in Tanzania. However, its productivity is challenged by insect pests and diseases. Cashew Leaf and Nut Blight Disease (CLNBD) caused by Cryptosporipsis spp. has been cited as one of the most devastating diseases in Tanzania. Studies were conducted to investigate incidences and severities of CLNBD on cashew in farmers' fields and elite cashew hybrids developed in 1996 and 1998 in eastern and southern zones of Tanzania. Furthermore, a screen house experiment was conducted to screen these hybrids against CLNBD at Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Mtwara, Tanzania. The results indicated significant differences (P<0.001) in CLNBD incidences and severities in cashew in farmers' fields across Bagamoyo, Nachingwea and Mtwara districts. Further, there were significant differences (P<0.001) among hybrids in CLNBD severities in the screen house experiment. In ranking the elite cashew hybrids, 38 were tolerant and 14 were susceptible to CLNBD. This observation suggests that elite cashew hybrids developed in 1996 and 1998 are more tolerant to CLNBD compared to cashew found in farmers' fields. These findings strongly suggest that the elite cashew hybrids can be recommended for commercial farming in Tanzania.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Effect of the CLNBD on leaves, nuts and trials conducted in the field and screen house.

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Fig. 2. Map of Tanzania showing potential areas for cashew nut growing and study areas in yellow colour.

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Fig. 3. Ranking means for % incidence and severity for farmers’ field surveyed at Nachingwea, Mtwara and Bagamoyo districts.

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Fig. 4. Ranking means for severity for elite cashew hybrids developed “1996” in the screen house at NARI.

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Fig. 5. Ranking means for severity for elite cashew hybrids developed “1998” in the screen house at NARI.

Table 1. The scale of cashew leaf and nut blight disease showing levels, intervals and mid-point in percentages

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Table 2. Analysis of variance for % incidence and severity for cashew leaf and nut blight disease for “1996 hybrids” at Chambezi and Nachingwea respectively

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Table 3. Ranking means for % incidence and severity for elite hybrids developed “1996” at Chambezi and Nachingwea respectively

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Table 4. Analysis of variance for % incidence and severity for cashew leaf and nut blight disease for “1998 hybrids” at Chambezi and Nachingwea respectively

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Table 5. Ranking means for % incidence and severity for elite hybrids developed “1998” at Chambezi and Nachingwea respectively

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Table 6. Analysis of variance for % incidence and severity for cashew leaf and nut blight disease for “Survey done at Mtwara, Nachingwea and Bagamoyo districts”

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Table 7. Analysis of variance for severity for cashew leaf and nut blight disease for elite cashew hybrids developed “1996 and 1998” in the screen house at NARI

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