• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2003

Natural resources managers have considered the landscape without detailed consideration of aesthetic values of the landscape and geomorphological significance of unique landforms. Since EIA system was introduced in 1981, values associated with landscape protection have been neglected at best compared with those values traditionally attributed to environmental protection, including clean air, water quality and species protection. Black top highways are being built without consideration of harmful effects to the sea cliffs. Sea walls and tetrapod are being installed to protect the coastal towns and fish markets for tourist. However, beach itself are experiencing accelerated erosion due to the shortage of proper coastal engineering expertise. Hotels and condominiums are under construction on a massive scale around the national parks, which substitute the scenic ridges with concrete profiles. To protect the scenic beauty of national parks, their design and construction material should be more harmonious with the surroundings. Therefore, visual impact assessment should be applied both within the national park boundary and beyond to enhance the aesthetic values of national parks.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2014

This study selected Nakdong River basin zone in Daegu as an example area to conduct landscapetope classification and aesthetic value assessment of landscape according to the classified landscapetope. The main result of this research can be summed up as following. First, the result of landscapetope type classification showed 28 types of landscapetope including complex residential area (AA), natural stream type with copious vegetation (BA), forest type centered on mixed forest of soft and hardwood (EB) along with 129 types of imputed specific landscapetope. The result of the total first assessment using B-VAT showed the first grade 10 types, II grade 4 types, III grade6 types, IV grade 3 types, 5 types for V grade with the lowest value. The second assessment conducted toward the landscapetope types with the grade higher than the average (including III grade) in the result of the first assessment showed that there are 66 spaces for the sites (1a, 1b) with special meaning for aesthetic landscape evaluation. And also, there were 69 spaces for those (2a, 2b, 2c) with meaning for aesthetic landscape evaluation. The design model of this research is largely divided into improvement goal and specific execution plan. First, the improvement goal is divided into 6 categories including conservation area, complementary area, and restoration area, and the specific execution plan is divided into 14 categories including special landscape management area, general landscape management area, conservation of hill areas with optically good condition. A comprehensive master plan was suggested by directly applying the set landscape planning model to the subject place of this research.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2018

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report was published in 2005, the conflict between development and the preservation of the ecological environment has turned to paying attention to value assessments in rational decision-making. In recent years, the concept of ecosystem services has been recognized as a viable one for making significant decisions. However, a trade-off between increase and decrease occurs between the ecosystem services sub-categories (cultural service, regulating service, supporting service, and provisioning service), for which research centering on target sites is needed. To this end, the present study aims to investigate the trade-off relationship between service categories to search for reasonable decision-making strategies. As the research method, a survey was conducted using the translated version of SoIVES(Social Value for Ecosystem Services) 3.0 questionnaire of the United States Geological Survey. The research findings demonstrate the economic value, based on the derived monetary value of each service category, the economic value of the target site was compared among landscape aesthetic value 8,050,000 won, recreation value 6,750,000 won, biodiversity value 4,610,000 won, healing value 3,970,000 won, life-sustaining value 2,090,000 won, and productive value 220,000 won. And then the primarily recognized value criteria of the Tancheon ecosystem services illustrate landscape aesthetic and recreation value. Besides, this study illustrates visualized trade-off relationships based on user perception, and the derived relations illustrate the trade-off relationship between the cultural service, regulating service, supporting service, and provisioning service, as well as relationships between the components of the sub-categories.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2004

This study creates the LCP (Landscape Control Point) through the survey of spot sites for the quality of landscape assessment, which is based on an objective and departmentalized data base; the landscape assessment was achieved by production of weight value with the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique, selection of requisites for the landscape assessment with the IVERSON method and visual area analysis with GIS (Geographic Information System). Futhermore, validity of the landscape assessment was verified by analysis of the correlation between physical amount and aesthetic amount. The purpose of this study is to suggest the basic essential data for landscape assessment and landscape planning by the characteristics of landscape based on verification of the suggested landscape assessment methods. The results of this study are summarized below. 1. In the adaptation of landscape assessment using GIS, the landscape assessment points of LCP 18, 17 and 16, which have more visible elements such as hill area, mountain area, and forest and farm land, were indicated to be higher than the others. In contrast, the landscape assessment points of LCP 13, 6 and 10, which have less visible elements, were relatively lower than the others. 2. In the visible preference measuring method, LCP 4, 14, and 16 showed high points of landscape assessment with 3.46, 3.4, and 3.18 each. With the more natural environments such as hill area, mountain area, and forest and farm land, higher results were shown. In contrast, LCP 7, 1, and 9 showed low points of landscape assessment with 2.24, 2.36, and 2.53 each. 3. In this study, a coefficient of 0.746 was gained by the analysis of correlation between the points of landscape assessment method and the points of visual preference from a slide show. This has 99 percent of probability in statistical data. 4. In conclusion, with the demonstration of the correlation between the landscape assessment method based on the AHP technique and the aesthetic amount (preference proportion), the practical use of landscape assessment can be demonstrated by the suggested landscape assessment method.

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2008

Amenity landscapes in rural areas are becoming increasingly important as a resource to enhance the (public) interest in rural landscapes and to vitalize the rural areas. Befitting the times, the objective of this project is to discover the amenity landscapes distributed throughout the rural areas and to produce material in the form of a publication for the promotion of the aforementioned landscapes. For such purposes, local autonomous bodies, rural amenity resource investigation team, and experts on landscape found rural amenity landscapes and entered them for a selection process, out of which the top 100 rural amenity landscapes were ultimately selected based both on the assessment system developed by the researchers and on the assessment process executed by the assessment committee. The following two categories of assessment criteria for the amenity landscapes were presented: village-related assessment criteria including value as resource and use value; landscape-resources-related assessment criteria, including aesthetic value, identity, adherence to traditionality, and sustainability. Assessment for each criteria item was made by applying a 5-point Likert scale throughout. The sum of the points for each landscape was then converted at a 100 point scale for ultimate use in selection of the top 100 landscapes. This paper is the outcome of such series of processes and systems.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

This study was surveyed from May to October, 2008 in order to classify type distribution and evaluate the function of inland wetland as a ecological axis in Chungnam province. Assessment was done by modified-RAM (Rapid Assessment Method). RAM is consisted of total 8 functions and divided into high, moderate, low. The conservation grade of RAM is divided into 4 grades; absolute conservation, conservation, improvement and restoration. Throughout survey on total 13 wetlands of Lacustrine, Palustrine wetland which are distributed in Chungnam province, their function was assessed. As result, the 2 wetlands were judged as absolute conservation grade by assessment of 8 functional contents, and 7 sites were improvement wetlands and 4 sites were conservation wetlands. The function of wetlands assessed as conservation grade showed high in water quality protection and improvement. Also, showed high in vegetation diversity, wildlife habitat and aesthetic recreation. Meanwhile, showed low in Water quality purification, Shoreline/Stream Bank Protection. Of wetlands evaluated as conservation grade, Jeong-juk Ji and Dun-ri reservoir were assessed as absolute conservative area. These wetlands are essential to be managed continuously as a area having high ecological value. Farther, these wetlands will be done as a axis of ecological network related to 'Kumbuk jeongmaek' ecosystem.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.314-324
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• 2017

국내 습지의 가치와 등급을 평가하고 적용방안을 고찰하기 위해, 경상남도에 위치한 146개 습지를 대상으로 신속평가방법 (Rapid Assessment Method)을 이용한 습지평가를 수행하였다. 각 습지에서 평가된 8개 대항목과 주변 피복 비율 간 관계를 분석하기 위해 Self-Organizing Map(SOM) 알고리즘을 이용하여 패턴분석을 실시하였다. 총 8개의 항목 중, '식생다양성 야생동물 서식처'와 '미적 레크레이션' 항목 점수가 가장 높았으며, 대부분 2~3등급의 가치를 가지는 것으로 평가되었다. SOM 분석 결과, 식생다양성 야생동물 서식처 항목이 높은 습지에는 대부분 어류 양서 파충류 서식처 항목이 낮은 성향을 보였는데, 이는 어류 등은 식생다양성이 높은 지역을 선호하지 않기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 습지 내 수생식물의 높은 풍부도는 미적인 부분을 충족시키기 때문에 미적 레크레이션 점수가 높은 습지는 대부분 식생다양성 야생동물 서식처가 높았다. 또한, 침식조절 기능의 경우 홍수 저장 조절 기능과 밀접하게 관련되며, 침식조절 기능이 높은 습지는 홍수 저장 조절 기능 또한 높은 경향을 가진다. 국내 습지에 신속평가방법을 적용한 결과, 일부 항목이 국내 습지 특성이나 범위에 맞지 않아 개선이 요구되며, 습지 보전 측면에서 '접근성'이나 '시각적 개방성' 등 항목들은 점수 체제의 전환이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 신속평가방법을 국내 습지에 적용하기 위해서는 항목 내 평가기준의 조정 혹은 세분화, 현실화가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 신속평가방법을 이용한 등급화는 습지의 보전이나 관리 방안 마련에 중요한 지표로서 활용될 수 있으며, 잔존하는 습지를 보존하여 멸종위기종 등 생물상 유지에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.367-389
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• 2011

The aesthetic attitude, in general or in particular, represented in matters of taste through aesthetic ideas and value judgments postulates a certain literary logic. And this literary logic reveals itself a sense of morality, philosophy, or moral aesthetic consciousness through the moments of act and thought demonstrated in the characters invented in literary works. Henry James, among many others, offers a very special cultural paradigm for transnational argument because of his diverse ways of shaping transatlantic relations in terms of aesthetic consciousness. And this international paradigm produced varied expressions referring to Henry James as "an American expatriate," "an Anglicized American artist," "a Europeanized aesthete," "a cosmopolitan intelligence," "a bohemian cosmopolitan" to designate his literary career and its characteristics shaped in Europe. Such expressions resonate with Transatlantic Sketches, James's first collection on travel and cultures in 1875 which heralded his long "expatriation" in terms of self-distantiation. James's temperament of mind, far from being always identified with shared values within an ideological framework, never avoided friction with fixed ideas but rather absorbed it fully for another friction which intervenes in his house of fiction. My question arises here regarding his cultural belonging or dislocation: where is the place of his mind or what could be his ultimate destination? In this essay, I'd like to define a place or rather the place of James's literary mind by proving a certain "sympathetic justice" for his literary logic. For this purpose, I'll try to examine: how James used transatlantic perspective, a spatio-temporal assessment to formulate his moral aesthetic consciousness; and how the aesthetic framework functions in assessing his literary logic of aesthetic consciousness. To start with the first argument, I'll analyze some essential aspects of aesthetic attitude of his characters to postulate a persona capable of theorizing James's aestheticism conditioned by the transatlantic context. And for the second argument, I'll examine how the persona functions in formulating a proper cultural stance of James's aesthetic consciousness in transatlantic perspective to illuminate the way of how Jamesian individuality reflects the American mind. This process of theorizing a place of James's own will lead, I hope, to our discovering James's ultimate destination on the assumption that it'll prove or create a certain "sympathetic justice" for his humanist aestheticism, a Jamesian absolute morality.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 소셜미디어에서 공유되는 지오태그 이미지를 활용하여 이용자가 인지하는 북한산국립공원의 경관미를 평가하는 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 연구에서 제시된 평가 방법은 크게 지오태그 이미지 데이터의 수집, 경관 이미지 식별, 조망대상 확률 지수를 적용한 누적가시도 분석의 과정으로 진행되었다. 본 연구에서 데이터로 사용한 램블러(Ramblr)는 국내에서 많은 이용자를 보유하고 있는 아웃도어 활동 지원 어플리케이션으로, 이로부터 북한산국립공원에 대한 총 110,954장의 지오태그 이미지를 수집하여 경관미 평가에 활용하였다. 수집된 지오태그 이미지들은 Google Vision API를 활용해 이미지의 내용을 해석하였으며, 이후 군집분석을 통해서 전체 수집한 사진을 총 11개의 경관이미지 유형과 9개의 비경관이미지 유형으로 구분하였다. 추출한 경관이미지를 바탕으로 북한산국립공원의 경관 유형을 분석한 결과, 봉우리나 산맥과 같은 지형적 특성과 관련한 이미지 유형이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였으며, 그 외 임내 경관, 단풍경관, 수경관이 주요한 경관 유형으로 발견되었다. 도출된 경관미 평가맵에서는 이러한 주요 경관 유형의 비중과 특성에 따라 표고 및 경사가 높을수록 전반적으로 높은 경관미를 보였다. 그러나 일부 저지대 및 완경사를 지닌 진입지역에서도 높은 경관미가 확인되었다. 또한 북한산 지역이 도봉산 지역보다 경관미가 높게 평가되었으며, 도봉산 지역의 경우에는 표고 및 경사가 높음에도 불구하고, 상대적으로 낮은 경관미가 확인되었다. 이는 경관미가 물리적인 환경 조건뿐만 아니라, 경관을 조망하는 탐방객들의 휴양 활동과도 크게 관계하고 있음을 보여준다. 이처럼 지오태그 이미지의 누적 가시도를 활용한 경관미 평가는 사람들의 인식에 기반한 경관적 가치를 지리적으로 이해하고, 그 편차를 식별할 수 있도록 함으로써 향후 북한산국립공원의 경관 계획 및 관리에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.