• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.336-346
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• 2017

Objectives: To characterize the usage patterns of new types of tobacco products (NTTPs) to develop effective strategies for the regulation of NTTPs in Korea. Methods: We conducted focus group interviews to identify the NTTP usage patterns of research subjects. The NTTPs were limited to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), waterpipe tobacco, and rolling tobacco. We categorized 30 research subjects into 4 groups. The ecigarette group was divided into adult and adolescent groups. Each group contained 7-8 subjects. An interview lasting approximately 2 hours was conducted with each group. Results: Ninety percent of NTTP users used an NTTP in combination with conventional cigarettes. Subjects mostly bought NTTPs online, unlike how they bought cigarettes. Additionally, a great deal of information, such as how to use NTTPs and descriptions of NTTP products, was exchanged through online or offline societies. The primary reason why the subjects used NTTPs was that NTTPs offer a greater range of flavors and aromas than cigarettes. Moreover, NTTPs were felt to be less repulsive than cigarettes. NTTPs were not used as a cigarette substitute; rather, they were mostly used in places and situations where traditional cigarette smoking was not allowed. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the government should conduct studies on the effects of the combined use of NTTPs and cigarettes on the human body, obtain and provide accurate data regarding NTTP use, and develop and implement polices to ban NTTP advertising, which may arouse adolescents' curiosity, and the addition of flavoring substances to tobacco products.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-195
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• 2018

This study attempts to analyze the effects of public advertising about suicide prevention and to investigate how the attitudes and perceptions of the message recipients differ according to the message framing type (positive vs. negative) and the appeal type (self-oriented/other-oriented). Positive messages, rather than negative messages, have a greater impact on people's respect for life and on attitudes to suicide. Respect for life attitudes were more positive among subjects who received an other-oriented message than among those who received a self-oriented message. Among the individual characteristics variables, the level of cognitive emotion regulation showed a significant impact on attitudes to respect for life and on attitudes to suicide.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

Responsible tourism attracting worldwide attention has supported local economy and community development as a type of alternative tourism. This study explored the perception toward fairness in tourism and operation status of responsible tour operators in South Korea by conducting in-depth interviews with probe questions. Ten responsible tour operators were interviewed with a semi-structured interview questionnaire for one upto two hours. From the interview data, six themes were identified as difficulties of responsible tour operators: lack of manpower, advertising and promotion, absence of marketing strategy, regulation, lack of budget and lack of recognition of responsible tourism. As government support identified through the interviews, there are the followings seven themes: a low entry barrier market, investment in human resources, resource utilization, community-based policies, connection with local produce, community support and connection system of responsible travel agencies with intermediate support organizations at a local level, The findings of this paper implicate the underlying subject of responsible tourism from a tour operators' perspective.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.19-32
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper aims at exploring the effects of failure types such as failure in promotion orientation and failure in prevention orientation on consumers' consumption behavior, and the moderation role of lay theories in the effects. Research design, data, and methodology - This study employed 2 between-subject designs(failure in promotion orientation vs. failure in prevention orientation) and also 2 (failure in promotion orientation vs. failure in prevention orientation) with implicit self as the within-subject. Chinese consumers participated in the empirical study, and to verify the hypotheses ANOVA, T-test and regression analysis were used. Results - Consumers were more likely to choose adaptive consumption behavior rather than compensatory consumption behavior when they were encountered with failure in promotion orientation versus failure in prevention orientation. Lay theories did play the moderation role in the effect of failure types on consumption behavior. The incremental theorists who think that effort is an important way to accomplish their learning goals showed more willingness to conduct compensatory consumption behavior rather than adaptive consumption behavior. Conclusions - Marketers should put more attention on the ways by which their products can help consumers self-improve when consumers encounter with failure. They should also be aware of the importance of consumers' mindsets when designing and developing advertising messages.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.192-209
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• 2011

This study looked into coping strategies of local terrestrial broadcasting companies in the media market, since the introduction of comprehensive programming channels was confirmed. Local terrestrial broadcasting companies vulnerable to market competitiveness are driven more out to the difficulty of survival in a limited advertising market with the advent of comprehensive programming channel. and Local terrestrial broadcasting receive discriminative application than comprehensive programming channel. They have reverse discrimination in must-carry, broadcasting area, programming regulation, advertisement regulation, broadcasting development fund. Hence, Local terrestrial broadcasting needs diverse countermeasures at difficult media circumstances. Above all, Competitive content reinforcement is desperately needed. That's why content distribution structure needs diversification. And, It is necessary for local terrestrial broadcasting companies to diversify the content distribution system. As a way to expand distribution structure of local broadcasting, the introduction of local programming regulations for total amount will be highlighted in the nationwide network program. The mandatory policy that programs produced by local terrestrial broadcasting companies will be broadcast regularly in prime time through a nationwide network is an example. In addition to developing high content independently, 2nd Multiple channels of distribution is needed. It has to be supplied to various platforms including local broadcasting, SO and etc. In addition, it is necessary to activate regional co-production program between local terrestrial broadcasting companies and regions. Time rate between central stations and local terrestrial broadcasting companies must be distributed practically. And also, local terrestrial broadcasting companies in addition to ad revenue model to themselves and their own businesses by expanding the sponsorship to strengthen the competitiveness will have to nurture self-sustaining. Moreover they must have enlarge economy of scale through widen of broadcasting area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.528-542
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the attitudes toward online advertisement targeting YouTube content users and to present implications for the direction and regulation of personal media broadcasting advertisement. The study used the data from 'Awareness of On-line Ads and Blocking Tools' conducted by the Korea Press Foundation in 2020. For the statistical analysis, correspondent analysis was employed. The main results followed as: women tended to perceive more discomfort about the ads before the start of the content compared to men, and women in twenties perceived the highest discomfort with intermediate advertisement. Second, respondents who watch more YouTube contents tended to accept more ads to use contents for free. Third, respondents who are willing to use the advertisement blocking service were most aware of the inconvenience of advertisements before starting of YouTube contents. Although users are aware of the inconvenience, the use of advertisement blocking service has not yet been found to be generalized. However, the use of ad blocking service is expected to increase gradually. It would be expected that efforts to regulate advertisement to reduce discomfort about advertisement among users are also required.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.207-220
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the effects of Emotional Intelligence and work-family conflict on organizational effectiveness such as job performance and turnover in the advertising industry. Analysis results showed that emotional intelligence a significant impact in part on job performance and turnover intention. In particular, the more use of emotion is higher job performance, and the more regulation of emotion is lower turnover intention. Second, work-family conflict is proved on a partially significant impact on organizational effectiveness, and especially family conflicts caused by works was found to increase the degree of turnover. The results of this study suggest that the need for the establishment of appropriate systems and organizational culture which can increase emotional intelligence and reduce family conflict for performance and human resource management of the organization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2006

Purpose : This study are the secondary data of Global Youth Tobacco Survey(GYTS) developed by the WHO and United State Center for Disease Control(CDC) and Prevention to trace tobacco use among youth in youth in countries across the world. This study was carried out to serve for a basis for antismoking campaigns and to prevent adolescents from smoking by analyzing the smoking by analyzing the smoking realities factors. Methods : This study is a cross-sectional school-based survey, which employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of middle school students aged 13 to 15 years olds. Seventy-five schools were selected. All schools containing grade 1, 2 and 3 that contained 40 or students were included in the sampling frame. Results : The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The proportion of smoking students in middle school was 6.4% and the rate of smoking in male students(7.4%) was higher than it of in female students(5.5%). 2. 26.5% of all respondent had a experience to try smoke and the results showed that the rate of trying smoking in male students was increased by grade more than female students. 3. According to test of significance in regression analysis, the independent variables such as sex, school grade, smoking parents, friends distinction, pocket money and others showed statistical significance. 4. There was a statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers in proportion to the completing the preventive education for nonsmoking(p=0.0023) and the acquirement of knowledge on smoking(p<.0001). 5. Finally there was a statistical significance between the exposure to anti-smoking campaign(p=0.0053) and tobacco advertisement in the mass media and the smoking(p=0.0036). Conclusion : All things considered, the health education for tobacco control in school need to be developed from an elementary school. I suggest that prevent smoking program in school need to be revitalized and be made more accessible for everyone who wish to quit. And the government should develop the regulation on total banning promoting cigarette advertising and smoking scene in the movie for young people.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.865-871
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• 2013

Background: The present qualitative study assessed the need, acceptability and appropriateness for implementing effective and culturally appropriate smoking prevention programs for adolescents in schools in Indonesia. Methods: Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants. The study sample comprised a mixture of staff in the education department, junior high school teachers and individuals who had taught junior high school students in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through one hour in-depth face to face or telephone interviews and analyzed using a descriptive content analysis procedure. Results: School teachers and policy makers in education firmly supported the implementation of a school-based smoking prevention program in Aceh. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program in schools in Aceh should involve both health and Islamic based approaches, and be provided by teachers and external providers. Potential barriers to the program included smoker teachers and parents, time constraints of students and/or teachers, lack of teachers' ability, increase in students' load, the availability of tobacco advertising and sales, and lack of tobacco regulation and support from community and related departments. To increase program effectiveness, involvement of and coordination with other relevant parties are needed. Conclusions: The important stakeholders in Indonesian childhood education agreed that school-based smoking prevention program would be appropriate for junior high school students. An appropriate intervention for smoking prevention program for adolescents in schools in Indonesia should be appropriate to participants' background and involve all relevant parties.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.394-398
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• 2019

Education on the physician continues with undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuous medical education. The countries such as the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, German, and others are required to undergo training in the clinical field for 2 years after completing the national medical examination, and to become doctors after passing the clinical practice license test. Korea can obtain a medical license and become a clinical doctor at the same time if it passes written and practical tests after completing 6 years of undergraduate medical education or 4 years of graduate school. About 90% of medical school graduates replace clinical practice with 4-5 years of training to acquire professional qualifications, but this is an option for individual doctors rather than an extension of the licensing system under law. The medical professional qualification system is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on the regulation. In fact, under the supervision of the government, the Korean Hospital Association, the Korean Medical Association, and the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences progress most procedures. After training and becoming a specialist, the only thing that is given to a specialist is the right to mark him or her as a specialist in marking a medical institution and advertising. The government's guidelines for professional training are too restrictive, such as the recruitment method of residents, annual training courses of residents, dispatch rule of the residents, and the quota of residents of training hospitals. Although professional training systems are operated in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, most of them are organized and operated by public professional organizations and widely recognize the autonomy of academic institutions and hospitals. Korea should also introduce a compulsory education system after graduating from medical education and organize and initiate by autonomic public professional organization that meets global standards.