Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Using Focus Group Interviews to Analyze the Behavior of Users of New Types of Tobacco Products

  • Received : 2017.04.07
  • Accepted : 2017.09.18
  • Published : 2017.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: To characterize the usage patterns of new types of tobacco products (NTTPs) to develop effective strategies for the regulation of NTTPs in Korea. Methods: We conducted focus group interviews to identify the NTTP usage patterns of research subjects. The NTTPs were limited to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), waterpipe tobacco, and rolling tobacco. We categorized 30 research subjects into 4 groups. The ecigarette group was divided into adult and adolescent groups. Each group contained 7-8 subjects. An interview lasting approximately 2 hours was conducted with each group. Results: Ninety percent of NTTP users used an NTTP in combination with conventional cigarettes. Subjects mostly bought NTTPs online, unlike how they bought cigarettes. Additionally, a great deal of information, such as how to use NTTPs and descriptions of NTTP products, was exchanged through online or offline societies. The primary reason why the subjects used NTTPs was that NTTPs offer a greater range of flavors and aromas than cigarettes. Moreover, NTTPs were felt to be less repulsive than cigarettes. NTTPs were not used as a cigarette substitute; rather, they were mostly used in places and situations where traditional cigarette smoking was not allowed. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the government should conduct studies on the effects of the combined use of NTTPs and cigarettes on the human body, obtain and provide accurate data regarding NTTP use, and develop and implement polices to ban NTTP advertising, which may arouse adolescents' curiosity, and the addition of flavoring substances to tobacco products.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020; 2013 [cited 2017 Sep 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-action-plan/en/.
  2. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2013: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship; 2013 [cited 2017 Sep 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2013/en/index.html.
  3. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2); 2014 [cited 2017 Sep 19]. Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/main.do (Korean).
  4. Ministry of Health and Welfare. OECD health data 2015 [cited 2017 Sep 19]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/OECD_Health_Data_2015%2528%EC%9A%94%EC%95%BD%EB%B3%B8%2529_%EC%86%8C%EC%B1%85%EC%9E%90.pdf.
  5. Jung KJ, Yun YD, Baek SJ, Jee SH, Kim IS. Smoking-attributable mortality among Korean adults, 2012. J Korea Soc Health Inform Stat 2013;38(2):36-48 (Korean).
  6. Lee KB. Government-wide comprehensive measures released for tobacco control. Money Today; 2014 Sep 11 [cited 2017 Sep 19]. Available from: http://www.mt.co.kr/view/mtview.php?type=1&no=2014091112552817143&outlink=1 (Korean).
  7. Min MS. Bill to mandate pictorial warnings on tobacco packs passed a plenary session. Gukjenews; 2015 May 29 [cited 2017 Sep 19]. Available from: http://www.gukjenews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=272485 (Korean).
  8. Yang EH, Kim IC. Indoor smoke-free policy takes a toll on a hookah cafe in Hongdae. NEWS1; 2015 Feb 14 [cited 2015 Apr 28]. Available from: http://news1.kr/articles/?2096281 (Korean).
  9. Moon JW, Jeon BS. Is waterpipe tobacco harmless? Youth at high risk. MBN News; 2013 Dec 6 [cited 2015 Apr 28]. Available from: http://mbn.mk.co.kr/pages/news/newsView.php?category=mbn00009&news_seq_no=1571763 (Korean).
  10. Jeong WC. Rollies are rolling in. Maeil Shinmun; 2015 Apr 3 [cited 2015 Apr 29]. Available from: http://www.imaeil.com/sub_news/sub_news_view.php?news_id=17874&yy=2015 #axzz3ZJwO3gK9 (Korean).
  11. PAS TOBACCO. Rolling tobacco [cited 2015 Apr 29]. Available from: http://blog.naver.com/jhskhs8939/220306565858 (Korean).
  12. Lee S, Park JY, Kim JY, Pack MJ, Park SH, Pack HN. Study on changes in the use of tobacco products and regulatory strategies for new tobacco products following the reinforcement of tobacco control policies. Seoul: National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency; 2015, p. 4 (Korean).
  13. World Health Organization. Electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENDS/ENNDS); 2016 [cited 2017 Sep 21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/fctc/cop/cop7/FCTC_COP_7_11_EN.pdf.
  14. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. London: Sage; 1990, p. 82.
  15. Krueger RA, Casey MA. Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research; 2000 [cited 2017 Sep 21]. Available from: https://cms.bsu.edu/-/media/WWW/DepartmentalContent/Effectiveness/pdfs/LendingLibrary/Focus%20Groups.pdf.
  16. Maziak W, Jawad M, Jawad S, Ward KD, Eissenberg T, Asfar T. Interventions for waterpipe smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(7):CD005549.
  17. Cobb C, Ward KD, Maziak W, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. Am J Health Behav 2010;34(3):275-285. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.34.3.3
  18. Lee S. Tobacco in internet blog: a call for urgent action under the FCTC. Health Soc Welf Rev 2011;31(4):405-423 (Korean). https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2011.31.4.405
  19. National Cancer Institute. Monograph 2: smokeless tobacco or health: an international perspective [cited 2017 Sep 21]. Available from: https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/2/index.html.
  20. Lee S, Grana RA, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking. J Adolesc Health 2014;54(6):684-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.003
  21. Jacob P 3rd, Abu Raddaha AH, Dempsey D, Havel C, Peng M, Yu L, et al. Comparison of nicotine and carcinogen exposure with water pipe and cigarette smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013;22(5):765-772. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1422
  22. Koul PA, Hajni MR, Sheikh MA, Khan UH, Shah A, Khan Y, et al. Hookah smoking and lung cancer in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(2):519-524.
  23. Akl EA, Gaddam S, Gunukula SK, Honeine R, Jaoude PA, Irani J. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39(3):834-857. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq002
  24. Gatrad R, Gatrad A, Sheikh A. Hookah smoking. BMJ 2007;335(7609):20. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39227.409641.AD
  25. Knishkowy B, Amitai Y. Water-pipe (narghile) smoking: an emerging health risk behavior. Pediatrics 2005;116(1):e113-e119. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2173
  26. Raad D, Gaddam S, Schunemann HJ, Irani J, Abou Jaoude P, Honeine R, et al. Effects of water-pipe smoking on lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2011;139 (4):764-774. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0991
  27. Neergaard J, Singh P, Job J, Montgomery S. Waterpipe smoking and nicotine exposure: a review of the current evidence. Nicotine Tob Res 2007;9(10):987-994. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200701591591

Cited by

  1. Epidemiology and Adverse Consequences of Hookah/Waterpipe Use: A Systematic Review vol.17, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2174/1871525717666190904151856
  2. Longitudinal transitions of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems among adolescents: Construction of a retrospective cohort using recall data from a cross-sectional sample vol.18, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/128488
  3. Evolution of tobacco products vol.63, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.2.88
  4. Effects of education methods on self-efficacy of smoking cessation counseling among medical students vol.9, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11408