• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.165-180
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of research trends in human development. For this purpose, 134 attachment articles were selected from 7 reliable Korean academic journals. The articles were analyzed by research type, subjects, data collection methods and attachment assessment methods. Results showed that (1) most of articles were published in the field of child study, (2) the greatest quantity of research type was quantitative study, (3) young children were the most frequently sampled population, and (4) the main content for child research was the role of attachment in social development and social/emotional problem behaviors. The main content for adolescent research was social development and the main theme of adult research was adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.746-759
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to systematically explore and elicit information about terminally ill cancer patients' and primary family caregivers' subjectivity of death. Method: Using Q-methodology, 21 terminally ill cancer patients and 19 primary family caregivers sorted 40 statements during personal interviews. Results: The results of this study show that terminally ill cancer patients have four factors ('Attachment to life', 'Hope for heaven', 'Resignation to reality', 'Avoidance of pain') of response and primary caregivers have four factors('Dependence on religion', 'Faithfulness to reality', 'Obedience to fate', 'Agony of reality'). Comparing the subjectivities of death of terminally ill cancer patients and primary family caregivers, 'Hope for heaven' and 'Dependence on religion' reveal the similarities of their outlook. On the other hand, 'Attachment to life', 'Resignation to reality', 'Avoidance of pain', 'Faithfulness to reality', 'Obedience to fate', 'Agony of reality' reveals different aspects of their outlook. The group of terminally ill cancer patients and their families divided into four types. Type A was 'Attachment to life and Agony of reality', type B was 'Attachment to life and Obedience to fate', type C was 'Hope for heaven and Dependence on religion' and type D was 'Resignation to reality and Faithfulness to reality'. The positive group was C or 'Hope for heaven and Dependence on religion'. Conclusion: There are significant differences found in the subjective structure of death among terminally ill cancer patients and primary family caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an individualized nursing intervention for terminally ill cancer patients and family caregivers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.647-658
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to analyzed the types of subjectivity that elderly who live alone caregivers have about the lonely death. Methods: This study objectified the subjective area by applying the Q methodology. It studied 24 caregivers in H region, who responded to 34 Q sample statements. The method of forced distribution was practiced regarding the results on a 9 points Q sample distribution chart. The collected data was analyzed using PC QUANL program. Results: The caregivers' perception of lonely death has been classified into four types: Type 1 ('type of fate-receptive invitation of lonely death'), Type 2 ('type of afterlife-expectantly invitation of lonely death'), Type 3 ('type of death preparation invitation of lonely death'), and type 4 ('type of rejection of lonely death due to attachment with life'). Conclusion: The present study attempts to provide basic resources for the development of nursing-intervention program to solve the problems with lonely death by grasping and understanding the types of the caregivers' perception of lonely death through which it also aims to yield information necessary to improve the quality of life in their remaining years.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2009

Introduction: Human attachment is known to be closely associated with psychophysiological phenomenon. However, there have not been enough researches on the relationship of the attachment with sleep, especially with insomnia. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between adult attachment styles and insomnia in community-dwelling population. Methods: One hundred seventy seven community-dwelling adults (74 males and 103 females；mean age $41.23{\pm}8.44$) participated in the current study. To assess the attachment styles (secure, dismissing, preoccupied and fearful), self-reporting Relationship Style Questionnaires (RSQ) were completed by the participants. Presence, type, frequency and duration of insomnia in the last month were also investigated. Results: Compared to subjects without insomnia, subjects with insomnia had higher fearful attachment scores (t=2.87, p=0.005). Higher fearful attachment score were found in all subtypes of insomnia (sleep-onset insomnia, t=2.33, p=0.021；maintenance insomnia, t=2.92, p=0.004；terminal insomnia, t=2.89, p=0.004). Subjects with frequent (${\ge}3$ per week) insomnia had higher fearful attachment scores than subjects with infrequent (${\le}2$ per week) insomnia (t=2.57, p=0.012). In addition, subjects with chronic insomnia (${\ge}6$ months) had higher preoccupied attachment scores relative to subjects with transient insomnia (<6 months), (t=2.57, p=0.012). Conclusion: In the current study, attachment styles were different depending on the characteristics of insomnia. The fearful attachment was associated with the presence of insomnia, while the preoccupied attachment was associated with the chronicity of insomnia. These findings suggest that there may be some relationship between the adult attachment styles and the clinical features of insomnia.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.137-147
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• 2019

We identified the mediating role of interpersonal issues in the relationship between adult attachment type and emotional expression ambivalence. The subjects of the study were 327 emotional workers who lived in five cities. As the scale, ECR-R, AEQ-K, and IIP were used. Sobel verification was performed after multiple regression analysis. The results show that the interpersonal problem partially mediates between the attachment and emotional expression ambivalence. This suggests that the characteristics of interpersonal relationships affect emotional emotions in forming close attachment relationships of emotional workers. Subsequent research will expand the scope of research by supplementing the shortcomings of existing research.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1998

Ultrastructural study of the development of the atrioventricular (AV) node was studied by electron microscopy in human fetus ranging from 30 mm to 260 mm crown rump length, and compared with human adult. By 30 mm fetus, the right AV nodal primordium was located below the attachment of the right venous valve. The left AV nodal primordium was observed below the attachment of septum primum. The cytoplasm of the nodal primordia contained few mitochondria, and myofibrils. These cells were apposed to each other with occasional desmosomes. In 40 mm fetus, the AV node cells were poorly organized myofibrils, while working myocardial cells were well organized myofibrils with sarcomere. At 70 mm fetus, intercalated discs were developed in the working myocardial cells. At 100 mm fetus, the nodal cells contained a relatively clear cytoplasm with a few groups of myofibrils and mitochondria. By $140\sim200$ mm fetuses, the nodal cells were an increasing number of myofibrils and mitochondria and these were scattered throughout the cytoplasm. At 260 mm fetus, the nodal cells were small and contained a clear cytoplasm with sparse and poorly organized myofibrils and mitochondria. All major ultrastructural features which characterize the adult AV nodal cells were found in this stage. The working myocardial cells were larger and had a more compact cytoarchitecture than nodal cells. Zonula adherens or fasciae adherens type junction were not found between nodal cells, but they frequently observed between nodal and working myocardial cells.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.719-731
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• 2005

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the experience of middle-aged women parting with their children and to develop a grounded theory. Method: The participants were 11 women in their 50's who had experienced parting with their children due to schooling, military service and marriage. The grounded theory methodology based on symbolic interactionism was used. Results: 106 concepts, 30 subcategories and 14 categories were derived from the analysis through processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The central phenomenon was 'happy but sad' and the core category was a process of 'independence that is sorrowful yet delightful'. Four types were identified; the independent-type; submissive -type; family-reliant-type ; and fragile-type; based on the attachment to the child, state of mind, satisfaction of the situation, family support system and self-achievement. Conclusion: This research identified that the modern Korean middle-aged women who are considered to be the 'sandwich generation' since they have experienced a turbulent history and the change from a confucian parent-child lifestyle to a couple-oriented one, moved away from an attitude dependent on children in parting with them and started preparing for an independent late life. Based on the results, the verification research is advised on the variables that affect the experience of parting with children.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1088-1091
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• 1989

Foramen of Morgagni hernia is the least common type of all congenital diaphragmatic hernias. These foraminal hernias result from a congenital defect in the development or attachment of the diaphragm to the sternum and costal arch. They occur most commonly on the right side, possibly because of pericardial reinforcement of the left. In our case, occurred on the right side and the contents of the hernial sac were omental fat and a part of transverse colon. We performed transthoracic approach for reduction and repair of foraminal hernia with ligation and interrupted mattress sutures of the margin of the defected diaphragm to the posterior part of the sternum and costal cartilage. The postoperative course was uneventful except posttraumatic delirium and discharged at 21st postoperative day.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1397-1405
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• 2016

Mussels are stubborn organism attached to solid substrate by byssus threads and caused operational problems in utility of power generating stations. Sole and combined usage of ultrasonic (28 kHz- and 42 kHz- frequencies) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) has studied for control of blue mussel larvae and adult stage in seawater condition. A theoretical wo rking model using disinfection (Chick and Watson type) approaches is presented based on helpful results of experiments. This study also demonstrate that the combined treatment (ultra-sonication with $H_2O_2$) is overall highly efficient than individual treatment would, but on the basis of exposure time, the ultra-sonication was the most efficient among them. Therefore the development of sole and combined technique might be effective practical mitigation strategy against mussel attachment for water handling facilities.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.541-560
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• 1994

The present study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the serotype or the genotype of Actnobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.) and the severity of periodontal disease. Total 64 A. a. clinical isolates were sampled from 46 sites of 20 subjects classified into the group I (1 periodontally healthy subject, 2 gingivitis patients, 5 ealry adult periodontitis patients), group II (3 moderatelly adult periodontitis patients) and group III (1 advanced adult periodontitis patient, 8 RPP patients). Southern bolt hybridization (fingerprinting) patterns of the five reference strains, A. a. strain ATCC 29523 (serotype a), ATCC 29522 (Serotype b), ATCC 43719 (serotype c), IDH 781 (serotype d) and IDH 1705 (serotype e), were used as the five basic genotypic patterns (A, B, C, D, E). NT type was designated as one which did dnot represent any of those five basic types. The serotypes were determined by ELISA technique with the serum samples from pre-immunized rabbit. Based on subject-based analysis, it was noted that genotypes A and C, NT, and B, D, E were significantly related to the disease groups I, II, and III, respectively. It was also noted that both the serotypes a and c were significantly related to the disease group I and II, while serotypes were significantly related bm), and serotypes b and nd were frequently found in sites with severe attachment loss (LA>6mm). The results indicated that the significant relationship can be delineated beteen the genotypes and the serotypes of Acinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the periodontal disease severity. The results also indicated that genotyping can provide more detailed information on its relationship with the disease severity based on both the patient-based and the site-based analyses.