• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

School bullying has become a major social problem in Korea after the emergence of media reports on children who committed suicide after being victimized by bullies. In this article, we review the characteristics of bullying, and investigate the role of the pediatrician in the prevention of and intervention against bullying and school violence. Bullying can take on many forms such as physical threat, verbal humiliation, malicious rumors, and social ostracism. The prevalence of bullying in various countries is approximately 10% to 20%. In Korea, the prevalence of school violence is similar but seems to be more intense because of the highly competitive environment. From our review of literature, we found that children who were bullied had a significantly higher risk of developing psychosomatic and psychosocial problems such as headache, abdominal pain, anxiety, and depression than those who were not bullied. Hence, it is important for health practitioners to detect these signs in a child who was bullied by questioning and examining the child, and to determine whether bullying plays a contributing role when a child exhibits such signs. Pediatricians can play an important role in the prevention of or intervention against school violence along with school authorities, parents, and community leaders. Moreover, guidelines to prevent school violence, such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, KiVa of the Finish Ministry of Education, and Connected Kids: Safe, Strong, Secure of the American Academy Pediatrics, should be implemented.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-86
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• 2009

본 연구는 영문으로 발표된 문헌고찰을 통해 한국의 청소년 자살행동의 예측요인을 종합적으로 이해하고 이과 관련된 정책과 중재프로그램의 동향을 파악하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 이 연구의 목적은 나아가 한국 청소년 자살을 감소시키고 억제하는데 필요한 효과적인 중재방안의 개발에 근거자료로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 주제어 검색을 통해 4대 사회과학 검색엔진을 활용하여 문헌검색을 하였고 Citation Pearl Growing 기법을 적용하여 영문으로 발표된 학술지 게재 논문을 선별하였는데 추가적으로 국회도서관 전자 데이터베이스를 이용하여 최근 청소년 자살에 관한 대표적인 2개의 보고서를 찾아 고찰하였다. 본 문헌고찰은 청소년 자살예방 중재 프로그램 뿐만 아니라 청소년 자살행동에 영향을 주는 요인을 거시적, 미시적 차원으로 논하였다. 청소년 자살행동에 기여하는 거시적 또는 사회적 요인은 국가 경제수준, 대학입시에 대한 학업성취도 스트레스, 그리고 매체 및 인터넷 문화였다. 개인적 또는 미시적 위험요인은 6개의 영역으로 나누어 설명되었다. 일반적 특성, 가족 특성, 학교 환경, 약물 사용, 정신적 장애, 성적 정체성이었다 이 6개 영역의 위험요인들이 서로 조합되면서 청소년에게 자살 의도나 시도가 일어나도록 하는 경향이 높았으며 이중 청소년 자살 예방에 우선적인 3대 요소는 자아정체성 확립, 정신건강 중재서비스의 제공, 거시적 예방 정책의 구조화로 분석되었다. 종합적으로 학교는 정규학교교육과정과 학생 검사를 통해서 일반적인 정신건강교육을 실시하고 위험학생을 선별 하는데 핵심적인 장이다. 따라서 학교를 경유한 위험학생 선별사업과 이에 따른 교육 및 중재 프로그램의 지원이 활성화되는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.752-760
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating mediation effect of self-esteem on the relations among adolescents' abuse experiences, depression and anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Methods: The participants were selected using secondary data from a population in the 2012 Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and SPSS Macro, and bootstrapping and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to analyze multilevel models. Results: First, analysis of the mediating effect of the adolescents' abuse showed that there was significant mediating influence between suicidal ideation and depression and anxiety. Second, hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-esteem had significant mediation effect on depression and anxiety in adolescents' suicidal ideation. Third, SPSS Macro showed that self-esteem also significantly moderated the mediating effect of adolescents' abuse experiences on suicidal ideation through depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The study results suggest that in future research on adolescent's abuse experience, the risk of suicide in depression and anxiety scores should be selected through evaluation of each individual's self-esteem scale. Coping strategies with immediate early intervention should be suggested.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to compare the health behaviors and factors influencing on suicidal ideation according to the gender among adolescents with asthma and to examine the relationship between them. Methods: The data was obtained from the 2014 youth's risk behavior web-based study in South Korea. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/Win 21.0 program, using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test and multiple logistic regression. Results: As the result of multiple logistic regression, the factors of health behaviors and risk related to suicidal ideation were subjective happiness, stress, depression, drug use, treatment experience due to violence in both male and female. In female, physical activity and alcohol drinking were factors related to suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Therefore, we have to develop suicide prevention program, to decrease the suicidal ideation of adolescents considering such differences by gender differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts of adolescents who had been bullied. Methods: This study used data extracted from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey of 2014. The data of 1,926 adolescents, in total, who had experienced violence were included in the analysis, The analysis was done using SPSS/WIN. Results: The adolescents with an experience of being bullied were more likely to engage in suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts than the average teenagers in Korea. In addition, suicidal thoughts were affected by gender, experience of habitual drug use, subjective happiness, as well as sadness and despair. Suicidal attempts were influenced by gender, grade, smoking experience, experience of habitual drug use, size of the city of residence, subjective happiness, sadness and hopelessness, existence of people to get counseling, and habit of walking for 10 minutes every day. Conclusion: More attention should be given to the suicidal risk of adolescents having experienced violence. Further studies are required to develop an intervention program for suicide prevention targeting adolescents who have experienced violence and assess the program's effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the state of internet addiction and to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method: Participants were 1,670 high school students in an urban city. The Internet Addiction Scale was used to measure internet addiction, the DISC-MDD-SQ was used to measure depression, and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-JR was used to measure suicidal ideation. Result: 38.1 % of participants were perceived to be in the early stages of internet addiction and 1.5% reported heavy addiction. Overall the internet addiction scale score was 37.57(${\pm12.52}$). The differences of internet addiction in sample characteristics were found to be significant in rank in class. The differences in DISC-MDD-SQ and IAS scores among the states of internet addiction were statistically significant. The level of internet addiction correlated positively to the level of depression and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Based upon these findings, there were significant positive correlations among Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. As schools are often the first line for the identification of potential life-threatening behaviors, nurses, especially school-based health professionals, need to be cognizant of measures and procedures for the assessment of Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the factors that affect suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents according to their family type. Methods: The data of the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used in this study. Out of 62,276, a total of 60,077 adolescents (51,367 adolescents from two-parent families and 8,710 adolescents from single-parent families) were included in the analysis. Results: This study demonstrated that the level of suicidal ideation of the adolescents in single-parent families was significantly higher than that of the adolescents in two-parent families. The factors that affect suicidal ideation among the two-parent family adolescents were gender, grade, economic status, academic performance, smoking, drinking, physical activity, subjective health status, subjective body image, subjective happiness, stress, and depression. The factors that affect suicidal ideation among the single-parent family adolescents included gender, grade, smoking, subjective health status, subjective happiness, stress and depression. Conclusion: Single-parent family adolescents are likely to have a higher level of suicidal ideation along with higher levels of depression and stress and lower levels of subjective health and happiness, compared to single-parent family adolescents. For this higher-risk group of suicidal ideation, more thoughtful attentions and proactive policies are needed to manage their mental health and stress in school and family situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of suicidal attempts in adolescents over 5 years after school dropout. Methods: The data of the Panel Survey of School Dropouts (of 2013 to 2017) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute were analyzed. The analysis used the 2013 survey data as the baseline and examined suicidal attempts from 2013 to 2017. A total of 776 adolescents were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics, 𝝌² test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression were carried out using SAS 9.2. Results: About 11% (87 out of 776) of the adolescents with an experience of dropout attempted suicide between 2013 and 2017. The risk of suicidal attempts was significantly lower in female (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.87~0.93) than in male adolescents. The higher the self-esteem, the lower the risk of suicidal attempts (AOR: 0.87. 95% CI: 0.78~0.97). The higher the depression level (AOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05~1.16) and the rate of parental abuse (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02~1.18), the higher the risk of suicidal attempts. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that those who are male, depressed, have low self-esteem or have been abused by their parents are at high risk of suicidal attempts among the adolescents with dropout experiences. Therefore, early intervention is necessary for those at high risk.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of depressive episode about major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent. The subjects of this study were 34 major depression patients and 17 bipolar disorder patients hospitalized at child and adolescent psychiatry in OO university children's hospital from 1st March 1993 to 31st October 1999. The method of this study is to review socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic classification, chief problems and symptoms at admission, frequency of symptoms, maternal pregnancy problem history, childhood developmental history, coexisting psychiatric disorders, family psychopathology and family history and therapeutic response through their chart. 1) The ratio of male was higher than that of female in major depressive disorder while they are similar in manic episode, bipolar disorder. 2) Average onset age of bipolar disorder was 14 years 1 month and it was 12 years 8 months in the case of major depression As a result, average onset age of major depression is lower than that of bipolar disorder. 3) The patients complained of vegetative symptoms than somatic symptoms in both bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. Also, the cases of major depression developed more suicide idea symptom while the case of bipolar disorder developed more aggressive symptoms. In the respect of psychotic symptoms, delusion was more frequently shown in major depression, but halucination was more often shown in bipolar disorder. 4) Anxiety disorder coexisted most frequently in two groups. And there coexisted symptoms such as somartoform disorder, mental retardation and personality disorder in both cases. 5) The influence of family loading was remarkable in both cases. Above all, the development of major depression had to do with child abuse history and inappropriate care of family. It is apparent that there are distinctive differences between major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent through the study, just as in adult cases. Therefore the differences of clinical characteristics between two disorders is founded in coexisting disorders and clinical symptoms including onset age, somatic symptoms and vegetative symptoms.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.445-454
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• 2014

It has been argued that internet game overflow (IGO) causes negative effects on mental health among adolescents. Especially, suicide has been known as one of the most serious mental health problems in Korea. This study is to examine the effect of IGO on suicidal ideation among adolescents, and to examine the relationship among IGO, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation by analyzing the mediating effect of depressive mood in the relationship between IGO and suicidal ideation. For this purpose, we analyzed the 2012 dataset from the Korea Children and Youth Mental Health Promotion Study (N=8,745) by the National Youth Policy Institute. The results showed that, first, about 5.6% of adolescents were included in the risky group depending on the criteria of the measurement. Second, IGO has a statistically significant effect on suicide ideation when considering the two variables only. Third, however, as depressive mood was found to have a complete mediating effect in the relationship between IGO and suicidal ideation, IGO increases suicidal ideation by increasing depressive mood. As policy and practice implications, the necessity of intervention to reduce IGO and mental health problems among adolescents was discussed.