• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.453-455
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• 1975

To observe the effect of cortison on the oxytalan fibers of the periodontal membrane, the albino rats of each groups were injected intramuscularly with 2.5mg. of cortison/kg. body weight daily for 3,7,10,14, and 21 days. After 14 days of cortison administration, the distributions of the oxytalan fibers were irrgular. In their path from cementum to alveolar bone, the fibers pass wave-like. Their density was loose and their stain ability was lesser than the normal. Prolonged administration of cortison impaired the development and the normal form of the oxytalan fibers.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1989

Inadequate pain relief after upper abdominal surgery increases the incidence of pulmonary complications due to the difficulty in coughing and deep breathing. Kvalheim and Reiestad (1984) introduced intrapleural administration of local anesthetic solutions to produce analgesia following cholecystectomy performed through a subcostal incision, unilateral breast surgery and renal surgery. We studied continuous intrapleural administration of bupivacaine and epinephrine, and its effect in controlling pain after cholecystectomy. In 9 patients, an intermittent dosage technique was used. An intrapleural catheter was inserted and 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine was administered. Results were as following: 1) Mean analgesic duration from the initial intrapleural injection to secondary administration of supplementary bupivacaine was 13.5 hours. 2) No specific changes were noted on vital signs and arterial blood gases. 3) Effective analgesia, produced by intrapleural bupivacaine resulted in significant improvement in tidal volume as measured by spirometry. 4) No signs of systemic toxicity and complications were encountered. 5) Intrapleural administration of a local anesthetics after cholecystectomy provides a satisfactory duration of analgesia.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

The pharmacokinetic properties of oxytetracycline (OTC) were studied after dipping and oral administration to cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (600 g). Plasma concentrations of OTC were determined after oral dosage (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and dipping (50, 100 and 200 ppm, 1 h) in olive flounder (average 600 g, 23±1℃). Plasma samples were taken at 3, 5, 10, 15, 24, 32, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 240 h post-dose. In oral dosage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the peak plasma concentrations of OTC, which attained at 3 h post-dose, were 0.34, 0.44 and 1.18 ㎍/㎖, respectively. In dipping of 50, 100 and 200 ppm, those of OTC which also observed at 5 h post-dose, were 0.43, 0.38 and 0.64 ㎍/㎖, respectively. Plasma concentrations of OTC were not measurable at 240 h post-dose in all experiments. The kinetic profile of absorption, distribution and elimination of OTC in plasma were analyzed fitting to a one-compartment model by WinNonlin program. The following parameters were calculated for a single dosage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively: AUC (the area under the concentration-time curve)=31.40, 28.07 and 32.97 ㎍∙h/㎖; T1/2 (half-life)􀆫0.89, 1.12 and 0.43 h; Tmax (time for maximum concentration)= 5.25, 3.70 and 7.30 h, Cmax (maximum concentration)=0.25, 0.38 and 0.61 ㎕/㎖. Following dipping at 50, 100 and 200 ppm, these parameters were AUC􀆫15.51, 14.63 and 19.72 ㎍∙h/㎖; T1/2= 0.75, 0.41 and 0.74 h; Tmax=4.90, 7.08 and 4.68 h, Cmax=0.40, 0.32 and 0.46 ㎕/㎖.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been widely used in eel culture as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent because of its broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The oral treatment dosage of OTC approved for the treatment of edwardsiellosis, furunculosis and vibriosis in eel is 50 mg/kg/day for 3-7 days in Korea. To determine new optimum dose of OTC in eel, the pharmacokinetics of OTC after single oral administration (100 mg/kg B.W., 200 mg/kg B.W.) in cultured eel, Anguilla japonica was examined. In oral dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, the highest plasma concentrations of OTC were 1.19±0.42 ㎍/㎖ and 2.69±0.57 ㎍/㎖, respectively. Plasma concentrations of OTC were not detected after 720 h post-dose in all experiments. The kinetic profile of absorption, distribution and elimination of OTC in plasma wwas calculated fitting to a 1- and 2-compartment model by WinNonlin program. The following parameters were obtained for a single dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively: 1-compartment model, AUC= 82.48 and 432.68 ㎍*h/㎖, Tmax= 3.93 and 14.24 hr, Cmax= 0.94 and 2.34 ㎕/㎖; 2-compartment model, AUC= 448.73 and 530.65 ㎍*h/㎖, Tmax= 6.37 and 8.96 hr, Cmax= 0.90 and 3.21 ㎕/㎖.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2013

This study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Arecae Semen (AS) in male and female ICR mice. Aqueous extracts of AS (Yield = 13.15%) were administered as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, and changes in the body and organ weight except for diarrhea. Diarrhea were observed in all three different dosage groups of male mice, and in 2000 mg/kg groups of female mice within 48hrs after administration. In addition, no AS extract related abnormal gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs were detected except for some sporadic accidental findings. Although the 50% lethal dose and approximate lethal dose of AS aqueous extracts in female and male mice were detected as over 2,000 mg/kg - the limited highest dosage recommended by KFDA guidelines. It should be carefully used in clinics because AS may be induced severe digestive tract disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.179-201
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of application methods in ultrasound on skin temperature and muscle blood flow. Thirty healthy volunteers without known vascular problems participated and randomly divided into three groups such as continuous wave group (CWG) which received a ultrasound treatment of continuous-wave, intermittent wave group (IWG) which received a ultrasound treatment of intermittent-wave at a dosage of $1.5\;W/cm^2$ for a duration of 5 minutes, and placebo group (PG) which received a ultrasound treatment of no-wave and no-dosage ultrasound to the anterior forearm. Blood flow and skin temperature was measured using MP 150 before and after ultrasound administration. The results were as follows : 1. Administration of ultrasound in all groups had increased effect on skeletal muscle blood flow immediately after treatment and for up to 10 minutes posttreatment. 2. CWG and IWG showed increased skin temperature immediately after a ultrasound administration and maintained to 10 minutes posttreatment. PG showed increased skin temperature immediately after a ultrasound administration but returned to initial state to 10 minutes posttreatment. 3. The great change on skeletal muscle blood flow among three groups showed in CWG ($6.27{\pm}1.72$) and then displayed in PG ($5.12{\pm}1.66$) and IWG ($4.61{\pm}2.19$) in order. 4. The vast change on skin temperature among three groups showed in CWG and then IWG and PG in order.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2010

Appropriate drug information is essential in pharmaceutical care practice. In recent years, educating patients with their prescription and drug therapy is becoming an increasingly important aspect of health care. Appropriate drug information has been shown to improve patients' adherence to their medication and the results of pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this study was to study patients' sources of drug information and their preferences in Korea. This study was a 11-questionnaire survey conducted from February 8, 2010 to February 25, 2010. Major sources of drug information used by respondents, proportions of respondents who received drug information on administration, dosage, indication, or warnings and precautions, sources of drug information which patients prefer, and the reasons of their preferences were studied. Of the 303 respondents, the most common sources of drug information were pharmacists (29.7%), doctors (23.8%), and the Internet (17.2%). There were significant differences according to sources of drug information in proportions of respondents who received drug information on administration, dosage, indication, or warnings and precautions. Patients preferred pharmacists as a drug information source the most (38.9%), and the reasons were reliability (72.0%) and easy to use (28.0%). Based on the results of this study, further studies should be conducted to establish the best way to provide appropriate drug information for patients and improve the results of pharmacotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 1991

Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin$({\gamma}BST)$ on mineral composition of milk were investigated in Twenty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Recombinant BST was administered by two different routes; intramusculary(12.5mg and 25mg/day) and subcutaneously (500mg and 750mg) in sustained-release vehicle every 2 weeks beginning 4 week postpartum and continuing for 7 months. Milks were collected 0,1,2,3,5 and 7 months after beginning of treatments in control and ${\gamma}BST$-administered groups. Mineral composition, such as Ca, Pi, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn, in milk were not affected by the administration of ${\gamma}BST$ regardless of dose and dosage forms. It is concluded from the observations of these experiments that the dose and dosage forms of ${\gamma}BST$ employed in this work might not affect milk mineral composition in dairy cows under the normal sanitary condition and adequate nutrient balance.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 1992

The effect of epidural nalbuphine on pruritus, nausea, vomiting, voiding difficulties and/or analgesia induced by epidural morphine was determined in sixty Cesarian delivery patients. They were physical status 1 or 2 by ASA classification and randomly divided into three groups. They were administered morphine 3 mg only(group A), nalbuphine 5 mg with morphine 3 mg(group B), or nalbuphine 10 mg with morphine 3 mg(group C) at the time of peritoneal closure. During postoperative 24 hours their analgesic effects were evaluated by visual analogue scale(0~10). Respiratory rates, Trieger dot test and severity of side effects(0~2) were also evaluated. The results were as follows; 1) Analgesic duration of the first epidural administration was significantly long in group A than other groups, but there was no difference between that of group B and group C. 2) Pruritus was more severe in group A than other groups but the severity was decreased by increasing nalbuphine dosage. 3) Nausea and or vomiting was mild in group C and the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting combined with pruritus was decreased by increasing nalbuphine dosage. 4) Voiding difficulties was more severe in group A than other groups but the severity was not decreased by increasing nalbuphine dosage. 5) None of the patients had objective sedation or low respiration rate(< 10 times/minute). We concluded that epidural administration of nalbuphine 10 mg with morphine 3mg for post-Cesarean section pain management is one of good methods to reduce side effects induced by epidural morphine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.454-462
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• 1999

Corticosteroids have long been used for anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatoid and other purposes in hospital. These effects may be due to inhibit immune reaction. So the animal given corticosteroids was more susceptible to infection because of immunosuppressive effect of corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prednisolone on the lymphocyte subset in the spleen, immunoglobulin in serum, spleen weight, thymus weight and total WBC in peripheral blood. Mice were randomized into 3 groups. Each group has 24 mice. The small dosage group were given by 4 mg/kg/day of prednisolone for 4 days and the large dosage group were given by 8 mg/kg/day respectively. Prednisolone was suspended in saline and orally administered. Mice in control group were given saline alone. Eight mice in each group were sacrificed every week after administration of predisolone. The weight of thymus and spleen were mesured immediately. Lymphocytes were taken from spleen and these cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Also the concentration of total immunoglobulins in serum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). T cell, T-helper cell and T-cytotoxic cell were all significantly (P<0.05) decreased at 1 week after administration of predisolone and at 2 weeks they recovered similarly to that of control. Population of B cell showed various distribution. The concentration of total immunoglobulins in serum was not changed significantly. The weight ratio of spleen to body decreased significantly (P＜0.05) during predisolone administration but increased at 1 week later, Eventually the weight ratio was recovered to that of control at 2 weeks. The weight ratio of thymus to body decreased significantly (P<0.05) by prednisolone and recovered gradually up to normal ratio 2 weeks later.