Browse > Article

Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test of Areca catechu Aqueous Extracts in Mice  

Choi, Hae Yun (College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
Publication Information
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine / v.27, no.3, 2013 , pp. 299-305 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Arecae Semen (AS) in male and female ICR mice. Aqueous extracts of AS (Yield = 13.15%) were administered as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, and changes in the body and organ weight except for diarrhea. Diarrhea were observed in all three different dosage groups of male mice, and in 2000 mg/kg groups of female mice within 48hrs after administration. In addition, no AS extract related abnormal gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs were detected except for some sporadic accidental findings. Although the 50% lethal dose and approximate lethal dose of AS aqueous extracts in female and male mice were detected as over 2,000 mg/kg - the limited highest dosage recommended by KFDA guidelines. It should be carefully used in clinics because AS may be induced severe digestive tract disorders.
Keywords
Arecae Semen; Betel Nuts; single oral dose toxicity; mice; histopathology;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Gupta, P.C., Sinor, P.N., Bhonsle, R.B., Pawar, V.S., Mehta, H.C. Oral submucosa fibrosis in india: a new epidemic? Natl Med J India. 11: 113-116, 1998.
2 Ho, P.S., Ko, Y.C., Yang, Y.H., Shieh, T.Y., Tsai, C.C. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan: an endemic betel quid chewing area. J Oral Pathol Med. 31: 213-219, 2002.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Kumar, M., Kannan, A., Upreti, R.K. Effect of betel/areca nut (Areca catechu) extracts on intestinal epithelial cell lining. Vet Hum Toxicol. 42: 257-260, 2000.
4 한국식품의약품안전청. 의약품등의 독성시험기준. 한국식품 의약품 안전청 고시 제 2009-116호. 2009.
5 Irwin, S. Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systemic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and physiological state of the mouse. Psychopharmacology. 13: 222-257, 1968.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Dourish, C.T. Effects of drugs on spontaneous motor activity. In Experimental Psychopharmacology (Greenshaw AJ and Dourish CT, Ed), Humana Press, Clifton, pp 325-344, 1987.
7 Plata, E.J., Murphy, W.H. Growth and haematologic properties of the BALB/wm strain of inbred mice. Lab Anim Sci. 22: 712-720, 1972.
8 Yamaguchi, C., Fujita, S., Obara, T., Ueda, T. Effects of room temperature on reproduction, body weight and organ weights, food and water intakes, and hematology in mice. Exp Anim. 32: 1-11, 1983.
9 Lee, J.H., Yang, K.J., Shin, H.D., Park, B.R., Son, C.W., Jang, H.J., Park, D.C., Lee, H.S., Ku, S.K. Single subcutaneous dose toxicity of Polycan(R), a $\beta$-glucan originated from Aureobasidium in mice. Lab Anim Res. 21: 299-305, 2005.
10 Lee, H.S., Lee, I.G., Ku, S.K. Single oral dose toxicity study of water extracts of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma in mice. J Toxicol Pub Health. 22: 117-126, 2006.
11 Park, M.Y., Choi, H.Y., Kim, J.D., Lee, H.S., Ku, S.K. Single dose toxicity test of Kong-Jin-Dan, a polyherbal formula in ICR mice. J Appl Phramcol. 15: 245-251, 2007.   DOI
12 Banks, W.J. Lymphatic system and immunity. In: Banks WJ (Ed). Applied veterinary histology, 2nd ed., Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, pp 330-347, 1986.
13 Pineda, M.H. Female reproductive system. In: McDonald LE and Pineda MH (Eds). Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, Lea & Febiger: Philadelphia, pp 303-354, 1989.
14 US Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.100, Acute Toxicity Testing Background. US EPA August, Washington, USA, 1998.
15 김동현, 김형민, 류종훈, 엄재영, 김상찬, 양재하, 조민경, 임종필, 홍승헌. 한방약리학, 서울, 신일상사, pp 587-590, 2010.
16 김인락, 김호철, 국윤범, 박성주, 박용기, 박지하, 서부일, 서영배, 송호준, 신민교, 이영종, 이영철, 이제현, 임강현, 조수인, 정종길, 주영승, 최호영. 本草學, 서울, 圖書出版永林社, pp 420-421, 2007.
17 Shrestha, J., Shanbhag, T., Shenoy, S., Amuthan, A., Prabhu, K., Sharma, S., Banerjee, S., Kafle, S. Antiovulatory and abortifacient effects of Areca catechu (betel nut) in female rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 42: 306-311, 2010.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Ghayur, M.N., Kazim, S.F., Rasheed, H., Khalid, A., Jumani, M.I., Choudhary, M.I., Gilani, A.H. Identification of antiplatelet and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory constituents in betel nut. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 9: 619-625, 2011.   DOI
19 Bhandare, A., Kshirsagar, A., Vyawahare, N., Sharma, P.,Mohite, R. Evaluation of anti-migraine potential of Areca catechu to prevent nitroglycerin-induced delayed inflammation in rat meninges: Possible involvement of NOS inhibition. J Ethnopharmacol. 136: 267-270, 2011.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Khan, S., Mehmood, M.H., Ali, A.N., Ahmed, F.S., Dar, A., Gilani, A.H. Studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of betel nut in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol. 135: 654-661, 2011.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Wang, C.C., Lin, H.L., Wey, S.P., Jan, T.R. Areca-nut extract modulates antigen-specific immunity and augments inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 33: 315-322, 2011.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Lee, K.K., Choi, J.D. The effects of Areca catechu L extract on anti-aging. Int J Cosmet Sci. 21: 285-295, 1999.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Wang, C.C., Liu, T.Y., Wey, S.P., Wang, F.I., Jan, T.R. Areca nut extract suppresses T-cell activation and interferon-gamma production via the induction of oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 45: 1410-1418, 2007.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Chandra, P.S., Carey, M.O., Carey, K.B., Jairam, K.R. Prevalence and correlates of areca nut use among psychiatric patients in India. Drug Alcohol Depend. 69: 311-316, 2003.   DOI   ScienceOn