• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the dry weight, the amount of Na+ and K+ water potential and leaf photosynthesis rate in plants for determining the salt tolerance mechanism in rice cultivars on soil and solution culture with NaCl. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows ; In general, rice cultivars, cv. Tetep and Jinbu, having high salt tolerance in ID(identified on dry matter production level) showed the higher salt tolerance in RGR (relative growth rate), compared with rice cultivars(cv. Nonglim 41ho, Dunraebyeo and Sobackbyeo) having low salt tolerance. The contents of Na in rice differed depending on culivars and plant parts. Tetep contained 2.9times higher amounts of Na+ than leaf blade and root part. High salt tolerance cultivar Obongbyeo showed a larger decrease in osmotic potential than low salt tolerance cultivar Dunraebyeo suggesting that osmotic adjustment was developed under salt stress conditions in a salt tolerant cultivar . In order to know the IY(identified on grain yeild level using rice cultivars having different salt tolerance the capacity of photosyntheiss was investigated. The capapcity of photosynthesis in cv. Tetep and Obongbyeo having high salt tolerance was much higher that in cv.Dunraebyeo and Nonglim 41 having low salt tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.707-713
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to test whether moderate alcohol consumption has any positive effect on lowering blood pressure among Koreans. Study subjects were Korean adults 20 years or older (n=5,234) who participated in the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to construct univariate and multivariate models relating alcohol consumption to blood pressure for the analysis. After adjustment for possible covariates, drinkers (regardless of drinking level) had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, compared with never-drinker for male subjects. Diastolic and systolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated with the drinking frequency and amount of alcohol intake among male subjects. For the female subjects, only diastolic blood pressure was significantly associated with the alcohol consumption at multivariate model. however, low level alcohol consumption did not show any sign of lowing effects on blood pressure. The result implies that moderate alcohol consumption did not have any positive effect on lowering blood pressure among Koreans for either sex.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.164-177
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• 2013

From 2010 years to 2013, the selection method of successful bidder has been changed design suitable lowest method, comprehensive evaluation method(bid price adjustment, design score adjustments, weight standards), fixed amount best design method. Therefore this study was presented by analyzing the impact on the domestic construction industry according the way to determine the successful bidder, the evaluation order method and the operational issues through the analysis of order status, order number, results of acceptance an order, success rate range, results of acceptance an order according to weight success rate, results of acceptance an order by work type and order institution of a turnkey alternative tendering construction performed in domestic civil part.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제9호
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• pp.38-48
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to study the artistic characteristics of light and adjustment in space, and how meaningful this integral phenomenon is to human beings , whin a space is transformed into a dynamic subject by light. When we create a very unique space we need to adjust light in all environments and must recognize the substance of light in all human spaces. The study of interior design is dependant on the existence of these lights in space. Light plays a very integral role in life having great contingency in the artistic characteristics represented in space. Light is a non-materialistic substance. However, when this substance is realized as a materialistic , light has a very visual effect, having a pleasing and satisfying effect on humans. The artistic characteristic of light in interior space are represented through elements of tranquility , direction . recognition, symbolism , and design. Light has a limitless amount of potential for giving humans boundless possibilities in space and expression . By studying psychological and physical aspects of the flow of light we are able to enjoy its fruitful benefits in the space of interior architectural design.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

Monoiodobromosulfophthalein-$^{131}$ I (MIBSP-$^{131}$ I), one of the useful radiopharmaceuticals for liver function studies, has been prepared by a simple isotope exchange between the MIBSP and the molecular iodine-$^{131}$ I in phosphate buffer, pH 5.3. The pooled cold MIBSP was prepared by a normal iodination of BSP using iodine monochloride, and separated from the iodination mixture by applying a Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. At 10$0^{\circ}C$, the exchange rate was so fast that the reaction could be terminated in 5 min to show upto 95% yield. The final product could be obtained simply by further heating for about 5 min in a boiling water bath in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen peroxide, and subsequent pH adjustment and membrane filtration.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2006

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important etiologic factor for the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients. Mesothelial cells are main source of trans-differentiated fibroblasts under stress from the bioincompatible peritoneal dialysate. In our study there was no difference in dialysate TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF between the low and high GDP groups during an initial 12 months. However, after adjusting with D-CA125, the low GDPs group showed a significantly lower D-TGF-${\beta}$/D-CA125 and D-VEGF/CA125 during the initial 12 months. Among the adjusted peritoneal growth factors for CA125, VEGF/CA125 and TGF-b/CA125 were factors significantly associated with greater EMT in this study. Adjustment of the peritoneal growth factor for effluent CA125 (surrogate for mass of HPMCs) revealed significant association with EMT suggesting that the fibroblastoid transition from HPMCs could be affected by the amount of intraperitoneal growth factors (TGF-b, VEGF) per unit mass of HPMCs. There was significant improvement in both cell score and D-CA125 at the sixth and 12th months after switching from a high GDPs solution to a low GDPs solution. Use of icodextrin solution in patients who had average peritoneal transport showed not only better systemic effects such as decreased glucose absorption via dialysate but also preservation of the peritoneum, including less EMT and high mesothelial bulk mass. In conclusion, Therapy with low GDP solution including icodextrin may positively impact preservation of the peritoneal membrane integrity and prevention of peritoneal fibrosis with time on PD.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2021

The current study analyzed the impacts of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the economic stability of Pakistan. This study used time series data from 1981 to 2017. The collected data was first passed through the unit root analysis. ARDL estimation techniques were employed to scrutinize the data where long-run associations were tested through Wald F-statistics. The long-run estimates were extracted by applying Ordinary Least Square, and error correction mechanisms were employed to find the speed of adjustment for disequilibria between the long and the short run. Wald F-statistics confirmed the existence of long-run cointegration. Long-run elasticities suggested that fiscal decentralization because of limited institutional capabilities of provincial governments failed in bringing stability in the economy of Pakistan. Similarly, transparency issues and misspecification of projects hinder the outcome of investment to stabilize the economy. High service payments on debt cut the amount that can be used for skills improvements and destabilize the economy. High Population growth puts pressure on infrastructure and reduces production capacity, ultimately destabilizing the economy by increasing unemployment and inflation. Based on these findings, the government is suggested to improve the institutional capacity of lower governments for the desired outcome of power devolution.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to present a good pants pattern for boys aged 13-18 by comparing and analyzing the pants pattern according to lower body shape. And through it, this study was to provide basic data for pants production considering male student body shape. The pattern of this study used the industrial type Lee Hee-chun pattern and DC Suite Program for 3D virtual simulation. As a result of the appearance evaluation, there was a significant difference between the patterns in most items. Type 2 was rated highly, followed by Type 4, Type 3, and Type 1. Type 1 required correction of the length of the pants and the amount of crotch part, while type 3 required adjustment of the pants in the knee area. Type 4 required correction of pattern drawing method of crotch width, thigh circumference, and knee circumference. This pattern method was evaluated as suitable for slender body shape. This study suggests a pants pattern system suitable for adolescent boys by reflecting the body shape characteristics of adolescent boy with a change of body shape. It is expected that this will meet the increasing demand for fitting. In this study, we have examined 3D virtual simulation, not actual wear experiment, so it will be necessary to investigate the difference through actual clothing experiment for adolescent boys.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the volume, amount, and localization of root resorption in the maxillary first premolars using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) after expansion with four different rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances. Methods: In total, 20 patients who required RME and extraction of the maxillary first premolars were recruited for this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the appliance used: mini-implant-supported hybrid RME appliance, hyrax RME appliance, acrylic-bonded RME appliance, and full-coverage RME appliance. The same activation protocol (one activation daily) was implemented in all groups. For each group, the left and right maxillary first premolars were scanned using micro-CT, and each root were divided into six regions. Resorption craters in the six regions were analyzed using special CTAn software for direct volumetric measurements. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni adjustment. Results: The hybrid expansion appliance resulted in the lowest volume of root resorption and the smallest number of craters (p < 0.001). In terms of overall root resorption, no significant difference was found among the other groups (p > 0.05). Resorption was greater on the buccal surface than on the lingual surface in all groups except the hybrid appliance group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that all expansion appliances cause root resorption, with resorption craters generally concentrated on the buccal surface. However, the mini-implant-supported hybrid RME appliance causes lesser root resorption than do other conventional appliances.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2002

EYM (European Yield Model), which was adopted in NDS (National Design Specification for wood construction), has been used in Korea without any verification of the analysis of bolted wood connections. In the case of applying lumber from domestic small diameter logs, however, there are some problems with the direct application of EYM ; 1) relatively low dowel bearing strength and dimensional stability due to a large amount of immature wood, 2) effect of MC (moisture contents) on the dowel bearing strength of wood and the yield load of a bolted connection. To evaluate the strength properties of bolted connections with lumber from domestic small diameter logs, effect of MC on the dowel bearing strength of wood was investigated and double shear bolted connection tests were performed. As the MC of wood increased, the dowel bearing strength was linearly reduced, even under 19% MC, which showed that adjustment, not considered in NDS, was required. Double shear bolted connection tests indicated that effect of MC on yield load should be considered in order to determine design value.