• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 토벽화 마감층 제작에 사용된 것으로 여겨지는 천연 보강 매제인 아교, 전분풀, 도박풀을 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% 농도로 적용하여 흙 반죽의 작업성부터 완성된 마감층의 물성 및 내후성까지 전반적으로 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 농도 5% 이하의 전분풀과 3%의 도박풀을 배합하였을 때 마감층의 제작에 유리하였다. 아교를 배합한 흙 반죽은 농도가 높을수록 건조하고 쉽게 부서져 작업성이 매우 떨어졌으나 저농도의 아교를 배합할 경우 표면 안정성이 높아 3% 이하의 저농도에서 보강 매제로 사용되었을 가능성이 있었다. 전분풀은 작업성과 강도 보강의 효과가 뛰어났으나 7% 이상의 농도로 사용할 시 동결융해에 의한 표면 안정성이 떨어졌다. 도박풀의 경우 강도 보강의 효과가 있었으나 5% 농도 이상에서는 균열이 발생하였고 농도 3%의 경우에는 균열이 발생하지 않고 동결융해 후에도 표면이 안정하여 보강 매제로서 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 앞으로 토벽화 마감층의 전통기술 및 재료를 복원하고 보강 매제의 용법을 제시하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.801-806
• /
• 2021

전통 접착 소재인 아교의 사용성과 해초 추출물 카라기난의 겔화 현상을 개선하기 위해 두 재료를 혼합하여 목재 보존용 액상형 접착제를 제조하였으며, 9종의 천연 및 합성 접착제와의 물성 비교를 통해 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. 제조한 목재 접착제는 15 wt% 아교 수용액과 λ-carrageenan, 항균제, 소포제 등을 혼합하였으며, 1.80 Mpa의 최대 접착 강도를 확인하였다. 비교 결과 5종의 전통 천연 접착 성분(수용액)과 Polyvinyl acetate 기반 접착제 1종보다 우수한 접착 강도가 나타났으며, 총호기성생성균수와 유해성(TVOC, HCHO, 중금속) 시험 결과 불검출로 항균성과 안정성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 1973

This study was carried out to examine the characeristics of waste sanders(S)from. plywood and pre-finishing plywood surface sanding and double saw finishing, as a new extander in urea-formaldehyde resin(UFR) in plywood adhesive, and to focus, adhesive strength using the glue extended with milled sanders(MS) as extender, leveling the optimum amount of MS to be added, and examining the physical properties of glue extended MS & S. Also economical good feasibility of substitution for wheat flour(WF) with MS as a new extender is analyzed and presented in details. Selecting three standard samples of 80, 100 and 180 mesh, sorking them in distilled water at $20^{\circ}C$, 24 hours, redrying at $105^{\circ}C$ and rescreening the sample with standard screen, again, the 3 samples of 80, 100, and 180 mesh are passed 23 percent through 80 mesh sander standard sample 27 percent through on 100 mesh and only 10.9 percent through 180 mesh, respectively. The particle size of retained parts are greater in size of redried form. It seems undoubtly that particles to be extended in glue are got swollen and become greater in size and coarser in shape. The shape of fresh S particles are irregular thin needle with small scale, as shown in Figure 5. PFS are so finer than plywood S that only 9.8 percent of the S retained on 100 mest screen, 24. 30 percent on 100-160 mesh, and 65.9% on 160-180 mesh. But particle size of the fresh S is large enough to make the viscosity of glue direct extended with S too high to apply it glue spreader. The glue extended with milled sanders(MS). 3 hours milled PFS or 6 hours milled plywood S, having particle sizes shown in Tables 7 and 8, as ratio of Reain/MS/WF/water: 100/8/8/10, indicate good viscosity of 16 to 24 ps, as shown in Figure 5, for applying direct to glue spreader, have high tensile-shear strength (adhesive strength), 102.4 kp/$cm^2$, and 94 percent wood failure.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 1995

광범위 항생물질인 Ampicillin sodium(AMP-Na)을 두가지 방법 즉, 단순섞임과 bovine serum albumin(BSA)으로 microsphere화한 후 loading 하는 방법으로 fibrin glue(FG)를 제조하였고 이 FG로부터 AMP-Na의 서방성 시험을 시도하였다. 단순섞임의 경우 fibrinogen(FBNG)의 농도를 조적함으로서 FG로부터 AMP-Na의 지속적 방출을 달성할 수 있었으며 특히 이 microsphere를 glutaraldehyde로 가교화시킴으로서 용출속도를 더욱 늦출 수 있었다.(tO.9 : 33hr). FG의 rat perironeum에 대한 접착력은 FBNG과 thrombin의 농도가 각각 5.0%, 25~50 NIHU/ml에서 최대로 나타났다. Factor XIII의 농도는 0~500 U/1g of FBNG의 범위내에서 접착력에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았으며 incubation time은 60분일 때 최대로 나타났다. FG에 AMP-Na 및 BSA micorsphere를 loading하여도 접착력에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.1315-1324
• /
• 2009

This study is on the consolidation process of the conservation process of fabric with golden thread found in relics. Gold film was glued to pieces of Korean paper and satin using hide glue, which is a natural adhesive and resin Paraloid B-72, which is a liquid type adhesive. This study examines the types and concentration of the adhesives that are appropriate for consolidating gold film on fabric. The advantage of hide glue is that it is harmless to humans and has a high stability. This glue is also believed to be the closest to the adhesive that was used when the relic was originally made. Its weakness is that it is stiff and weaker than chemical glues, but after being washed with water the adhesion level increases. Therefore, hide glue is appropriate in the following instances: a) when washing after consolidation b) when the substrate of gold threads are significantly damaged, and c) when treating greater sized relics that take a longer time to work on. However, Paraloid B-72 has a better adhesion and flexibility than hide glue, but tends to spread out into a greater area, and the area where it is applied tends to absorb less water than before the application. In addition, it is noxious and can be harmful in long-term exposure. Therefore, Paraloid-72 is appropriate in the following instances: a) when consolidating the fabric after washing, and b) when working on smaller relics and consolidating smaller parts of a relic. The necessary concentration levels for consolidants for gold film are 30% for liquid type hide glue and at least 10% for Paraloid B-72 in order for the gold film to stay intact on the fabric during washing, consolidation, exhibition, and conservation.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 아교의 접착 특성 향상을 위해 가교제(Cross-linking Agent)를 첨가하는 방법으로 젤라틴 결합력을 증대하였다. 제니핀 첨가 아교는 물성 측정, 구조 분석, 색잔류도, 용출도, 파단강도를 측정하였으며, 수분과 자외선에 대한 내수성과 내광성을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 겔강도와 점도는 제니핀 첨가량에 따라 증가하였다. 구조분석 결과, 젤라틴에서는 구조적으로 안정된 콜라겐의 3중 구조의 흡수 피크가 관찰되었다. 색잔류도 결과, 명도가 낮아지기 때문에 피막이 관찰되는 것으로 판단된다. 용출량은 $50^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 제니핀 첨가량이 증가할수록 용출된 아교 양이 증가하였고 파단강도는 제니핀 첨가량에 따라 증가하였다. 내수성과 내광성은 제니핀 첨가에 따른 열화 전 후 양상이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 제니핀 첨가 아교의 접착 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며 아교에 적용 가능한 실험 방법을 고찰하였다. 제니핀을 첨가한 후에도 아교 고유의 특성인 유연성, 재용해성, 접착력, 경화속도가 사라지지 않고 향상되기 때문에 균질한 아교가 확보된다면 문화재 보존 및 아교 제작에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2019

Seaweed extracts, namely carrageenan obtained from Grateloupia elliptica and algin obtained from Laminaria, were employed as adhesive agents to synthesize solid adhesives for paper. Carrageenan from Grateloupia elliptica with the highest adhesive strength and lgin from Laminaria with the highest compressive strength was selected. The selected carrageenan and algin were mixed in a ratio of 7:3, and the mixture was employed as an adhesive agent. At a high temperature, sodium stearate(used as a solidifying material) oxidized the seaweed extracts. Consequently, carrageenan and algin were added to the final manufacturing process. The adhesive strength of the final synthesized solid adhesive is found to be 3.02 MPa and the compressive strength is found to be 30.5 N. Compared to the adhesive strength (2.95 MPa) and compressive strength (30.11 N) of commercial solid adhesives, the obtained results indicate superior adhesion characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed adhesive is environment-friendly because the presence of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and heavy metals(such as chromium, lead, and cadmium) were not detected. Moreover, when used, the flatness of paper was twice that of commercial solid paper adhesives. Hence, the proposed adhesive can provide excellent adhesion, stability, and usability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 1984

Water soluble urea-melamine-phenol copolymer adhesive manufactured with 80 percent of urea resin contents was manufactured by different molar ratio for a high temperature curing type, and their properties and strengthes were examined through manufactures of plywood with Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) veneers. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Specific gravities of air dried plywood manufactured from each adhesive ranged from 0.78 to 0.84 and their moisture contents met the KS requirement. 2. In dry and wet shear strength, $U_{80}M_{10}P_{10}$ copolymer resin showed the highest value and urea resin was the lowest, indicating that melamine and phenol were effective for increasing glue shear strength of urea resin. 3. In case of glue shear strength after boiling test, phenolic resin was the nest and melamine was not so effective as phenol on reinforcement of boiling water resistance of urea resin.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권29호
• /
• pp.255-278
• /
• 2008

Considering the physical quality of the wall body in this study we tried to select a replenishing that is proper for filling the cracked part of the painting wall layer and apply the natural adhesives that have traditionally been used, investigating whether it is possible to substitute those for the chemical adhesive which is used at present time. The result of this study showed the red algae adhesive was, in a weathering environment, as safe as the synthetic resin originated from the polyvinyl acetate which is used generally on the present spot, and it was concluded that although the starch adhesive displayed its superiority in enhancing the strength of the earth mortar and its work disposition, it seemed proper for it to be used as a filling adhesive for the first or midterm layer because it showed a surface hardening phenomenon. And also the glue and fish glue were judged they were not qualified as a filling adhesive due to mold occurring in a environment of high moisture that is a biological problem, showing at same time a weak physical feature in a weathering environment. Therefore it would be possible to use the red algae adhesive or starch one substituting them for the original one sold on the present market, if among natural adhesives the weak points of the them were to be corrected.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2013

전통 단청 교착제인 젤라틴(아교)의 물성에 따른 단청 도막의 성능을 평가하고자 직접 추출하거나 시판되는 아교 및 젤라틴 5종을 선정하고 수분반응성과 촉진내후성을 실험하였다. 실험결과, 겔 강도가 높은 1종의 젤라틴 단청 도막에서는 아교 대체 재료인 아크릴산 에스테르 수지 도막보다 수분 흡수율이 높고 촉진 내후성 시험 후에도 밀착성이 높았을 뿐만 아니라 젤라틴 도막보다 내수성이 우수하였다.