Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Manufacturing Properties of Soil Mural's Finishing Layer with Different Types and Concentration of Natural Adhesives

천연 보강 매제의 종류 및 농도에 따른 토벽화 마감층 제작특성 연구

  • Moon, Hye Young (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Kyeong Min (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Chung, Yong Jae (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 문혜영 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 이경민 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 정용재 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과)
  • Received : 2018.05.02
  • Accepted : 2018.06.04
  • Published : 2018.06.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the properties and manufacturing methods of soil mural finishing layers fabricated using animal glue, starch adhesive(wheat paste), and Dobak glue. We assessed the workability and weatherproofing properties of the earthen plaster and finishing layers fabricated using concentrations of 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% for each adhesive. The results showed that a mixture using 3% or 5% starch adhesive or 3% Dobak glue was suitable for constructing the finishing layer. For finishing layers made with animal glue, earthen plaster had poor workability. It was dry and easily broken as the concentrations of animal glue increased. However, specimens made with low concentrations of animal glue did not exhibit surface deterioration after a freezing-thawing test. Therefore, animal glue mixtures could possibly be used for constructing finishing layers in concentrations lower than 3%. Mixtures containing starch adhesive produced plasters with good workability. Additionally, starch adhesive enhanced compression strength. However, when starch adhesive was mixed at concentrations above 7%, the surface exhibited roughening and staining in freezing-thawing tests. When Dobak glue was used in mixtures, it enhanced compression strength, but concentrations above 5% produced specimens with surface cracking. For concentrations of 3%, there were no cracks and the specimens were stable after freezing-thawing tests, so concentrations below 3% of Dobak glue are suitable for constructing finishing layers. We expect this study will be useful for restoring the traditional technology of soil mural finishing layers and suggest using adhesives to construct the finishing layer.

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 토벽화 마감층 제작에 사용된 것으로 여겨지는 천연 보강 매제인 아교, 전분풀, 도박풀을 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% 농도로 적용하여 흙 반죽의 작업성부터 완성된 마감층의 물성 및 내후성까지 전반적으로 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 농도 5% 이하의 전분풀과 3%의 도박풀을 배합하였을 때 마감층의 제작에 유리하였다. 아교를 배합한 흙 반죽은 농도가 높을수록 건조하고 쉽게 부서져 작업성이 매우 떨어졌으나 저농도의 아교를 배합할 경우 표면 안정성이 높아 3% 이하의 저농도에서 보강 매제로 사용되었을 가능성이 있었다. 전분풀은 작업성과 강도 보강의 효과가 뛰어났으나 7% 이상의 농도로 사용할 시 동결융해에 의한 표면 안정성이 떨어졌다. 도박풀의 경우 강도 보강의 효과가 있었으나 5% 농도 이상에서는 균열이 발생하였고 농도 3%의 경우에는 균열이 발생하지 않고 동결융해 후에도 표면이 안정하여 보강 매제로서 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 앞으로 토벽화 마감층의 전통기술 및 재료를 복원하고 보강 매제의 용법을 제시하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, Y.M., 2014, A study on changes of traditional wall technique. Jornal of Architectural History, 23(4), 47-56. (in Korean with English abstract)
  2. Civil Dictionary Compilation Committee, 1997, Civil dictionary. Sungandang, Seoul. (in Korean)
  3. Han, K.S., 2003, Restoration and conservation of the buddhist mural paintings of Korea : Specificity of manufacturing and technological processes. Ph. D. dissertation, The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Sankt-Peterburg.
  4. Institute of Conservation of Paintings in Konkuk University, 2006, A report on conservation of the mural paintings in Geungnakjeon hall of Muwisa temple. (in Korean)
  5. Jeong, H.Y., 2008, Study on techniques of making the wall behind the buddha in main building of Bongjeongsa temple : Focusing on structural and material characteristics of the wall. Master's thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, 96-99. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Kim, D.Y., 2012, An experimental study on improvement of freezing-thawing resistance of topping concrete. Master's thesis, Dankook University, Yongin, 6. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Kim, S.K. and Jeong, H.Y., 2008, Study on the filling material for the painting wall layer of the temple wall painting using a natural adhesive. Conservation Studies, 29, 256-278. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Korean Society of Food Science and Technology, 2004, Encyclopedia of food science and technology. Kwangilmunhwasa, Seoul. (in Korean)
  9. Lee, H.S., Han, K.S. and Chung, Y.J., 2015, Understanding of the conservation of mural. Jeongin Publishing House, Seoul. (in Korean)
  10. Lee, H.S., Han, K.S. and Lee, S.J., 2011, A study on Reinforcement of the Mireuk Hall of Geumsan-sa Buddhist temple mural paintings damaged. The 33rd National Conference of the Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, Seoul, March 25. (in Korean with English abstract)
  11. Lee, K.Y., 2008, A study on the materials and technique of plaster work in government constructions in the late of Joseon dynasty(1719c) - Focused on the sand coat wall and ceiling in 'Yeonggeon-Uigwe'(Construction Reports). Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Designe, 24(3), 157-166. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Lee, K.Y., 2010, A study on the existence of lime plaster wall in the Joseon dynasty, based on the analysis of construction reports of 'Sanleong-Uigwe' & 'Yeonggeon-Uigwe' - Emphasized on the government building constructions. Journal of Architectural History, 19(3), 89-106. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Lee, K.Y., Lim, N.G. and Kim, D.H., 2016, A fundamental study on properties of sand coat wall mortar as eco friendly traditional plaster materials. Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea, 18(4), 165-172. (in Korean with English abstract)
  14. Lee, K.M., Lee, H.S. and Han, K.S., 2013, Study on application of filling material for reinforcement of soil murals in buddhist temple. Journal of Conservation Science, 29(4), 395-406. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2013.29.4.10
  15. Lee, S.M., 2016, A study on the construction techniques of the late Joseon government building through the T-shaped wooden shrines in the Sanreung-uigwes. Ph. D. dissertation, Myongji University, Seoul. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Leroueil, S., Tardif, J. and Roy, M., 1991, Effects of frost on the mechanical behavior of Champlain Sea clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 28(5), 690-697. https://doi.org/10.1139/t91-083
  17. National Science Museum, 1996, Traditional science and technology research(IV). 127-128. (in Korean)
  18. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2014, Hwangryongsa earth rammed-fence construction method test and design. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Daejeon. (in Korean)
  19. Yang, F.W., Zhang, B.J., Pan, C.C. and Zeng, Y.Y., 2009, Traditional mortar represented by sticky rice lime mortar - One of the great inventions in ancient China. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 52(6), 1641-1647.
  20. Yoo, C.S. and Shin, B.N., 2011, Effect of cyclic freezing-thawing on compressive strength of decomposed granite soils. Korean Geosynthetics Society, 10(1), 19-28. (in Korean with English abstract)