• Oral Biology Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.187-197
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• 2018

Chemical agents such as minocycline (MC) and citric acid (CA) were suggested in the treatment of contaminated implant surface. In this study, MC-HCl treatment was performed to enhance surface characteristics of titanium alloy surface. The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics and the biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V surface treated by MC. Alpha-beta titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) samples were prepared and they were divided into 6 groups according to chemical concentration and treatment time. These groups include 1) group I, non-treated smooth titanium alloy; 2) group II, MC 1.5 mg/mL for 1 hour; 3) group III, MC 1.5 mg/mL for 24 hours; 4) group IV, MC 15 mg/mL for 10 minutes; 5) group V, MC 100 mg/mL for 5 minutes; 6) group VI, pH1 CA for 3 minutes. The analysis of the surface characteristics of MC-treated titanium alloy was executed using scanning electron microscopy, roughness test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell adhesion and MTT assay was done using MC3T3 cell. Titanium surfaces treated with MC indicated a more smoothened surface microstructure. For group II and III, the new peaks of rutile TiO2 were found. Group II and V have more basic group of Ti-OH form in XPS. In MTT assay, all MC-treated groups showed significantly higher cell viability compared to control. The surface roughness, crystal structure, surface hydrophilicity, cell viability of smooth titanium surface was improved by MC treatment. Compared with the control experiment and CA-treated group, smooth titanium surface treated with MC showed improved surface characteristics and cell biocompatibility.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.548-555
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• 2006

FaeG is the key factor in the infection process of K88ad enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) fimbrial adhesin. In an attempt to determine the possibility of expressing recombinant FaeG with immunogenicity for a new safe and high-production vaccine in E. coli, we constructed the recombinant strain, BL21 (DE3+K88), which harbors an expression vector with a DNA fragment of faeG, without a signal peptide. Results of 15% SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel analysis showed that FaeG can be stably over-expressed in BL21 (DE3+K88) as inclusion bodies without FaeE. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) responses in pregnant pigs, with boost injections of the purified recombinant FaeG, were detected 4 weeks later in the sera and colostrum. An in vitro villius-adhesion assay verified that the elicited antibodies in the sera of vaccinated pigs were capable of preventing the adhesion of K88ad ETEC to porcine intestinal receptors. The protective effect on the mortality rates of suckling piglets born to vaccinated mothers was also observed one week after oral challenge with the virulent ETEC strain, $C_{83907}$ (K88ad, $CT^+,\;ST^+$). The results of this study proved that the adhesin of proteinaceous bacterial fimbriae or pili could be overexpressed in engineered E. coli strains, with protective immune responses to the pathogen.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

Purpose: We have previously reported that tetra-cell adhesion molecule (T-CAM) markedly enhanced the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells grown on anorganic bone mineral (ABM). T-CAM comprises recombinant peptides containing the Arg- Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the tenth type III domain, Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) sequence in the ninth type III domain of fibronectin (FN), and the Glu-Pro-Asp-Ilu-Met (EPDIM) and Tyr-His (YH) sequence in the fourth fas-1 domain of ${\beta}$ig-h3. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cellular activity of osteoblast-like cells and the new bone formation on ABM coated with T-CAM, while comparing the results with those of synthetic cell binding peptide (PepGen P-15). Methods: To analyze the cell viability, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed, andto analyze gene expression, northernblot was performed. Mineral nodule formations were evaluated using alizarin red stain. The new bone formations of each group were evaluated using histologic observation and histomorphometrc analysis. Results: Expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA was similar in all groups on days 10 and 20. The highest expression of osteopontin mRNA was observed in the group cultured with ABM/P-15, followed by those with ABM/T-CAM and ABM on days 20 and 30. Little difference was seen in the level of expression of collagen type I mRNA on the ABM, ABM/T-CAM, and ABM/P-15 cultured on day 20. There were similar growth and proliferation patterns for the ABM/T-CAM and ABM/P-15. The halo of red stain consistent with $Ca^{2+}$ deposition was wider and denser around ABM/T-CAM and ABM/P-15 particles than around the ABM particles. The ABM/T-CAM group seemed to have bone forming bioactivity similar to that of ABM/P-15. A complete bony bridge was seen in two thirds of the defects in the ABM/T-CAM and ABM/P-15 groups. Conclusions: ABM/T-CAM, which seemed to have bone forming bioactivity similar to ABM/P-15, was considered to serve as effective tissue-engineered bone graft material.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.553-562
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the vasodilatory effect of Sipjeondaebo-tang by inhibiting RhoA activity in vascular cells during cold exposure. Methods: Human vascular endothelial cells and pericytes were pretreated with Sipjeondaebo-tang for 30 min, followed by incubation at 37 ℃ (control) or 25 ℃ (cold exposure) for 30 min. Activation of endothelin-1-mediated RhoA in pericytes was assessed by pretreating the cells with Sipjeondaebo-tang for 30 min, followed by incubation with endothelin-1 at 37 ℃ for 30 min. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of active RhoA. Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide release from endothelial cells was examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Cold treatment activated RhoA in both pericytes and vascular endothelial cells, whereas Sipjeondaebo-tang treatment inhibited this activation. Sipjeondaebo-tang treatment also reversed the cold-mediated production of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide. Cold exposure promoted the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes by increasing the expression of phospho-focal adhesion complex kinase, whereas Sipjeondaebo-tang treatment suppressed this response. Conclusions: These findings suggested that Sipjeondaebo-tang inhibits cold-induced RhoA activation and its related pathway components, including endothelin-1 and nitric oxide, in vascular cells. Therefore, Sipjeondaebo-tang could be beneficial for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

The interaction of cell adhesive protein and polypeptide with bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) grown in tissue engineered films and scaffolds were examined. Several proteins or polypeptide known as cell-adhesive were coated adsorption on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films and scaffolds and adhesion and proliferation behavior of BMSC on those surfaces were compared. The protein and polypeptide used include collagen IV, fibrinogen, laminin, gelatin, fibronectin, and poly(L-lysine). The protein and polypeptide were adsorbed on the PLGA film surfaces with almost monolayer coverage except poly(L-lysine). BMSCs were cultured for 1, 2, and 4 days on the protein- or polypeptide-adsorbed PLGA films and scaffolds. The cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors were assessed by sulforho damine B assay. It was observed that the protein- or polypeptide-adsorbed surfaces showed better cell adhesion and proliferation than the control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1009-1016
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• 2014

This study investigated the probiotic and functional characteristics of Mukeunji starter, Lactobacillus curvatus ML17, isolated from Mukeunji. Lb. curvatus ML17 was confirmed as a safe microorganism due to its non-hemolytic activity and non-production of harmful ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase. Tolerance to artificial gastric and bile juice of Lb. curvatus ML17 was investigated. After incubation in artificial gastric and bile juice, the number of surviving cells was $1.38{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL. According to the results of adhesion assay, this strain also exhibited good adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Lb. curvatus ML17 showed good antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens, especially Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell-free extract of Lb. curvatus ML17 exhibited high levels of DPPH scavenging capacity and inhibitory effects on growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. These results suggest that Lb. curvatus ML17 has potential for application in functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

Rosa rugosa has traditionally been used as a folk remedy for diabetes. The objective of this study was therefore to demonstrate the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction activities through antioxidants and the anti-glycation of Rosa rugosa roots. Dried roots of Rosa rugosa were boiled in methanol for three hours, evaporated and lyophilized with a freeze-dryer. The methanolic extract of Rosa rugosa roots (RRE) was tested for antioxidant activities by measuring total polyphenol (TP) content, flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity (DPPH) assay, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The total TP content, flavonoid content, FRAP value, and $DPPHSC_{50}$ are $345.2\;{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mg dry matter (DM), $128.1\;{\mu}g$ quercetin equivalents/mg DM, 2.2 mM $FeSO_4$/mg DM and $34.2\;{\mu}g$ DM/mL, respectively. Treatment of RRE significantly lowered fluorescent formation due to advanced glycation reaction. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assay, monocyte adherent assay and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay were performed to investigate the possibility that RRE improves endothelial dysfunction-induced diabetic complications. The adhesion of THP-1 to treated HUVEC with RRE ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$; 33% and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$; 75%) was significantly reduced compared to HUVEC stimulated by glyceraldehydes-AGEs (advanced glycation end product). The TEER value ($88\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$) of stimulated HUVEC by glyceraldehydes-AGEs was reduced compared to non-stimulation ($113\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$). However, normalization with RRE increased endothelial permeability in a dose-dependent manner ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$; $102\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$; $106\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$). Thus, these results suggest that Rosa rugosa roots could be a novel candidate for the prevention of diabetic complications through antioxidants and inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.199-203
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• 2007

Dental caries is a major worldwide oral disease problem. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the information of dental plaque and it is being noticed as major causative bacteria of dental caries. Therefore, the development of more effective, substantial and safe preventive agents against dental caries is strongly required. In the present study, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of the husk of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on the growth, acid production, adhesion and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were examined. The ethanol extract of pomegranate husk (250 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml) significantly lowered the growth of S. mutans in a dose dependent manner. The acid production of S. mutans were inhibited by the presence of ethanol extract of pomegranate husk (500 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml) significantly. The ethanol extract of pomegranate husk (5000 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml) also significantly lowered the adherence of S. mutans. In water-insoluble glucan synthesis assay, 1000 - 4000 ${\mu}$g/ml of the ethanol extract of pomegranate husk significantly inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan. These results suggest that pomegranate husk may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of pomegranate husk responsible for such biomolecular activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1470-1474
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the anti-metastatic effect of ethanol extract of Samguikoeui-Tang (SGKE), a formula consisting of four oriental herbs, in highly-metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. SGKE significantly inhibited the adhesion of HT1080 cells to matrigel at nontoxic concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, while it did not exert cytotoxicity against HT1080 cells up to the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml. Also, SGKE depressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. However, SGKE did not affect the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2, an inhibitor of MMP-2, by RT-PCR analysis. In addition, the effect of SGKE on HT1080 cell invasion was determined using Boyden chamber assay. SGKE suppressed the invasion of HT1080 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that SGKE has an anti-metastatic effect via inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 activities.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2009

In recent years, it has been tried to develop the efficacy and bioactivity of Calcium Phosphate cements(CPC) as injectable bone substitute (IBS) by reinforcing them through varying the amount in its compositions and relative concentrations or adding other additives. In this study, the biocompatibility of are inforced Calcium Phosphate-Calcium Sulfate injectable bone substitute (IBS)containing poly ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone)PCL microspheres was evaluated which consisted of solution chitosan and Na-citrate as liquid phase and tetra calcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalciumphosphate anhydrous (DCPA) powder as the solid phase. The in vitrobiocompatibility of the IBS was done using MTT assay and Cellular adhesion and spreading studies. The in vitro experiments with simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the formation of apatite on sample surface after 7 and 14 days of incubation in SBF. SEM images for one cell morphologies showed that the cellular attachment was good. MG-63 cells were found to maintain their phenotype on samples and SEM micrograph confirmed that cellular attachment was well. In vitro cytotoxicity tests by an extract dilution method showed that the IBS was cytocompatible for fibroblast L-929.