• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

Unknown inputs observer(UIO) which is achieved by the coordinate transformation method has the differential of system outputs in the observer and the equation for unknown inputs estimation. Generally, the differential of system outputs in the observer can be eliminated by defining a new variable. But it brings about the partition of the observer into two subsystems and need of an additional differential of system outputs still remained to estimate the unknown inputs. Therefore, the block pulse function expansions and its differential operation which is a newly derived in this paper are presented to alleviate such problems from an algebraic form.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 1995

In this paper, we show that the result of random upper functions for Levy processes obtained by Joo(1993) can be sharpened under some additional assumption. This is the continuous analogue of result obtained by Griffin and Kuelbs (1989) for sums of i.i.d. random varialbles.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.424-430
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• 2001

An electron Boltzmann equation is solved numerically to calculate the electron energy distribution functions in plasma discharge which is generated by radio-frequency (RF) and microwave frequency electric field. The maintenance field strengths are determined self-consistently by solving the homogeneous electron Boltzmann equation in the Lorentz approximation expressed by 2nd order differential equation and an additional particle balance equation expressed by integro-differential equation. By using this numerical code, the electron energy distribution functions in argon discharge are calculated in the range from RF to microwave frequency. The influence of frequency of the HF electric field on the electron energy distribution functions and ionization rate are investigated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 2002

Growth records over six generations of 686 pigs in SD-II Swine Line were used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic covariance functions for body weight as longitudinal data. A random regression model with Legendre polynomials of age as independent variables was used to estimate the (co)variances among the regression coefficients, thus the coefficients of genetic and permanent environmental covariance functions by restricted maximum likelihood employing the average information algorithm. The results showed that, using litter effect as additional random effect, a reduced order of fit did not describe the data adequately. For all five orders of fit, however, the change trends of genetic and phenotypic (co)variances were very similar from ${\kappa}$=3 onwards.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2108-2117
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the exciter attached for the measurement of natural frequencies when extracting the frequency response functions of the test structure in experimental modal analysis. The procedure is first to model the attached exciter as an additional degree of freedom system and next to verify the suggested model by experimentally extracting the natural frequencies of the test structure with various values of exciter mass, stinger stiffness and attachment position of the exciter on the test structure. It is concluded that as additional degree of freedom system which includes the natural frequency of the exciter itself and axial stiffness of stinger should be considered to quantatively define the coupling effects of structure-exciter interaction on the measured natural frequencies. It is not the mass of the exciter itself but the coupling effect of the additional degree of freedom mass-spring system consisting of exciter body and armature coil that characterizes the natural frequency deviation. Therefore, when the natural frequency of this additional mass-spring system is outside of the test frequency range, the coupling effect of structure-exciter interaction can be minimized.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.1 s.63
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• pp.147-164
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• 2007

This study proposes additional service pages for users, researchers, institutions to activate academic institutional repository which captures, disseminates, and manages various academic resources, i.e. theses, dissertations, journal articles, research reports, and so on. The research methods include literature study, case study, and site analysis on the current homepages of Ewha Womans University faculties & institutions. As a result, components and functions of additional service pages such as researchers' pages are suggested. Additional service pages will be made it possible for researchers to submit their products willingly and for academic institutional repositories to activate their services and improve content recruitment in the end.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.575-578
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• 2003

SPIHT algorithm is a wavelet based fast and effective technique for image compression. It uses a list structure to store status information which is generated during set-partitioning of zero-tree. Usually, this requires lots of additional memory depending on how high the bit-rate is. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new technique called MZP-DFS, which needs no additional memory when running SPIHT algorithm. It traverses a spatial-tree according to DFS and eliminates additional memory as it uses test-functions for encoding and LSB bits of coefficients for decoding respectively. This method yields nearly the same performance as SPIHT. This may be desirable in hardware implementation because no additional memory is required. Moreover. it exploits parallelism to process each spatial-tree that it can be applied well in real-time image compression.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

We consider a time-cost tradeoff problem with multiple milestones under a chain precedence graph. In the problem, some penalty occurs unless a milestone is completed before its appointed date. This can be avoided through compressing the processing time of the jobs with additional costs. We describe the compression cost as the convex or the concave function. The objective is to minimize the sum of the total penalty cost and the total compression cost. It has been known that the problems with the concave and the convex cost functions for the compression are NP-hard and polynomially solvable, respectively. Thus, we consider the special cases such that the cost functions or maximal compression amounts of each job are identical. When the cost functions are convex, we show that the problem with the identical costs functions can be solved in strongly polynomial time. When the cost functions are concave, we show that the problem remains NP-hard even if the cost functions are identical, and develop the strongly polynomial approach for the case with the identical maximal compression amounts.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.615-626
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• 2010

The discrete-layer model is proposed to analyze the edge-effect problem of laminates under extension and flexure. Based on three-dimensional elasticity theory, the displacement fields of each layer in a laminate have been treated discretely in terms of three displacement components across the thickness. The displacement fields at bottom and top surfaces within a layer are approximated by two-dimensional shape functions. Then two surfaces are connected by one-dimensional high order shape functions. Thus the p-convergent refinement on approximated one- and two-dimensional shape functions can be implemented independently of each other. The quality of present model is mostly determined by polynomial degrees of shape functions for given displacement fields. For nodal modes with physical meaning, the linear Lagrangian polynomials are considered. Additional modes without physical meaning, which are created by increasing nodeless degrees of shape functions, are derived from integrals of Legendre polynomials which have an orthogonality property. Also, it is assumed that mapping functions are linear in the light of shape of laminated plates. The results obtained by this proposed model are compared with those available in literatures. Especially, three-dimensional out-of-plane stresses in the interior and near the free edges are evaluated and convergence performance of the present model is established with the stress results.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.86-89
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• 1998

Multiple types of information in a multimedia service are delivered though multiple virtual connections on ATM network, while each virtual connection may be controlled independently. A multimedia service requires an associative relationship among multiple information streams to provide required harmonization. There may be required additional traffic descriptors to guarantee the required harmonization among multiple information streams in a multimedia service. For buffering of large bandwidth information stream(e.g., video), extremely large buffer size is necessary, but this approach should not be efficient way to compensate a severely delayed cells/blocks experienced at network. The best way to solve this problem will be minimization of relative-delayed-transfer of cells/blocks to application processes through ATM network control. To minimize a delayed transfer the mapping between relative delay parameter(i.e., associative Group QoS parameters) and per-VC traffic descriptor will be necessary. This paper is present additional functions and parameters to interpret the mapping between relative delay parameters(i.e., associative Group QoS parameters) and per-VC traffic descriptors in ATM API for multimedia application services.