• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

Wireless sensor networks are emerging as a solution for a wide range of data gathering applications. The most difficult challenge for the design of sensor nodes is the need for significant reductions in energy consumption. The threshold methods which filter redundant and similar data can be used to save energy. In this paper, we propose the adaptive threshold method to effectively manage the energy in wireless sensor nodes. In the adaptive threshold method, wireless sensor nodes can change the thresholds dynamically as the sensing environments vary. The simulation results show that the adaptive threshold method works very effectively even when we experience the significant volatility in the data. This scheme can be used in order to monitor the malfunction in the equipment of semiconductor manufacturing line.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.756-763
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effects of attenuation threshold on CT pulmonary vascular volume ratios in children and young adults with congenital heart disease, and to suggest an optimal attenuation threshold. Materials and Methods: CT percentages of right pulmonary vascular volume were compared and correlated with percentages calculated from nuclear medicine right lung perfusion in 52 patients with congenital heart disease. The selected patients had undergone electrocardiography-synchronized cardiothoracic CT and lung perfusion scintigraphy within a 1-year interval, but not interim surgical or transcatheter intervention. The percentages of CT right pulmonary vascular volumes were calculated with fixed (80-600 Hounsfield units [HU]) and adaptive thresholds (average pulmonary artery enhancement [PA_avg] divided by 2.50, 2.00, 1.75, 1.63, 1.50, and 1.25). The optimal threshold exhibited the smallest mean difference, the lowest p-value in statistically significant paired comparisons, and the highest Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The PA_avg value was 529.5 ± 164.8 HU (range, 250.1-956.6 HU). Results showed that fixed thresholds in the range of 320-400 HU, and adaptive thresholds of PA_avg/1.75-1.50 were optimal for quantifying CT pulmonary vascular volume ratios. The optimal thresholds demonstrated a small mean difference of ≤ 5%, no significant difference (> 0.2 for fixed thresholds, and > 0.5 for adaptive thresholds), and a high correlation coefficient (0.93 for fixed thresholds, and 0.91 for adaptive thresholds). Conclusion: The optimal fixed and adaptive thresholds for quantifying CT pulmonary vascular volume ratios appeared equally useful. However, when considering a wide range of PAavg, application of optimal adaptive thresholds may be more suitable than fixed thresholds in actual clinical practice.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2010

For the purpose of compromising hosts, attackers including infected hosts initially perform a portscan using IP addresses in order to find vulnerable hosts. Considerable research related to portscan detection has been done and many algorithms have been proposed and implemented in the network intrusion detection system (NIDS). In order to distinguish portscanners from remote hosts, most portscan detection algorithms use a fixed threshold that is manually managed by the network manager. Because the threshold is a constant, even though the network environment or the characteristics of traffic can change, many false positives and false negatives are generated by NIDS. This reduces the efficiency of NIDS and imposes a high processing burden on a network management system (NMS). In this paper, in order to address this problem, we propose an automatic portscan detection system using an fast increase slow decrease (FISD) scheme, that will automatically and adaptively set the threshold based on statistical data for traffic during prior time periods. In particular, we focus on reducing false positives rather than false negatives, while the threshold is adaptively set within a range between minimum and maximum values. We also propose a new portscan detection algorithm, rate of increase in the number of failed connection request (RINF), which is much more suitable for our system and shows better performance than other existing algorithms. In terms of the implementation, we compare our scheme with other two simple threshold estimation methods for an adaptive threshold setting scheme. Also, we compare our detection algorithm with other three existing approaches for portscan detection using a real traffic trace. In summary, we show that FISD results in less false positives than other schemes and RINF can fast and accurately detect portscanners. We also show that the proposed system, including our scheme and algorithm, provides good performance in terms of the rate of false positives.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.2331-2334
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• 2003

Generally, skin color information has been widely used at the face region extraction step of the face region recognition process. But many experimental results show that they are very sensitive to the given threshold range which is used to extract the face regions at the input image. In this paper, we propose a face region extraction algorithm based on an adaptive range decision for skin color. First we extract the pixels which are regarded as the candidate skin color pixels by using the given range for skin color extraction. Then, the ratio between the total pixels and the extracted pixels is calculated. According to the ratio, we adaptively decide the range of the skin color and extract face region. From the experiment results for the various images, the proposed algorithm shows more accurate results than the conventional algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.767-783
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• 2013

This paper aims at designing a selective demodulation scheme based on Log-likelihood Ratio threshold (SDLT) instead of the conventional adaptive demodulation (ADM) scheme, by using rateless codes. The major difference is that the Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) threshold is identified as a key factor to control the demodulation rate, while the ADM uses decision region set (DRS) to adjust the bit rate. In the 16-QAM SDLT scheme, we deduce the decision regions over an additive white Gaussian channel, corresponding to the variation of LLR threshold and channel states. We also derived the equations to calculate demodulation rate and bit error rate (BER), which could be proven by simulation results. We present an adaptation strategy for SDLT, and compare it with ADM and adaptive modulation (AM). The simulation results show that our scheme not only significantly outperforms the ADM in terms of BER, but also achieves a performance as good as the AM scheme. Moreover, the proposed scheme can support much more rate patterns over a wide range of channel states.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 웨이블릿 변환과 Haar 변환을 기반으로 적응적 문턱치와 가중치를 이용하여 의료영상의 화질을 개선하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 첫째, 화질이 저하된 의료영상에 대해 웨이블릿 변환을 수행하고 분해된 고주파 밴드에 대해 Haar 변환을 수행한다. 둘째, 고주파 각 밴드에 대해 적응적 문턱치를 이용하여 잡음을 제거한다. 셋째, 잡음이 제거된 고주파 밴드에 대해 적응적인 가중치를 이용하여 계수를 향상한 후, Haar 역변환 및 웨이블릿 역변환을 수행하여 복원영상을 얻는다. 마지막 단계에서는 복원된 영상의 화소 값의 범위가 좁아졌으므로 비선형 히스토그램 평활을 이용하여 화소 값의 범위를 조절하고 명암 대비가 좋은 향상된 영상을 얻는다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 첨두 검출기의 구조를 개선함으로써 정착시간(settling time)을 더욱 단축시킬 수 있는 적응형 기준레벨자동 발생회로를 제안했다. 제안한 기준레벨 자동 발생회로에 대해 비슷한 정착시간을 설정하였을 때에 오차전압비율이 기존 구조에 비해 절반 이하로 줄일 수 있어 정착시간을 상당량 개선할 수 있음을 해석을 통해 밝혔다. 아울러 상용 파운드리(foundry)를 이용하여 1.25G EPON 시스템용 버스트 모드기준레벨 자동 발생회로를 설계한 결과 동적 영역(dynamic range)이 40㏈인 입력신호에 대해 6㎱ 라는 매우 짧은 시간 이내에 기준 레벨을 생성해 내는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권4C호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 iCAM06의 HDR (High Dynamic Range) 영상 렌더링을 위한 적응적 표준 편차를 이용한 자동레인지 고속 양방향 필터 (auto-range fast bilateral filter, FBF)를 제안한다. 다양한 노출 시간으로 촬영한 여러영상들은 전체 다이나믹 레인지를 포함한 한 장의 HDR 영상으로 만들어진다. HDR 영상 렌더링의 대표적인 알고리즘은 iCAM06이며, 이는 국부 백색 적응 (local white point adaptation), 색 순응 (color adaptation), 및 영상 처리 변환 (image processing transformation, IPT) 같은 iCAM 구조를 기초로 한다. iCAM06의 고속 양방향 필터는 레인지 필터에서 고정 표준 편차를 사용한다. 이는 넓고 낮은 분포를 가지는 고 자극치 영역에서 불필요한 고속 양방향 필터 계산의 원인이 된다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 XYZ 각 자극치 영상을 경계값에 의해 저 자극치 영상 및 고 자극치 영상으로 나눈 후, 각 자극치 영역에 대하여 히스토그램 분포에 기초한 가변 표준 편차를 이용한다. 실험 결과에서 제안한 방법이 기존의 고속 양방향 필터보다 계산 속도가 개선되었음을 확인하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2003

Magneto-cardiogram(MCG) signals may be highly distorted by the environmental noise, such as power-line interference, broadband white noise, surrounding magnetic noise, and baseline wondering. Several kinds of digital filters and noise cancellation methods have been designed and realized by many researchers, but these methods gave some problems that the original signal may be distorted by digital filter due to the wideband characteristics of background noise. To eliminate noise effectively without distortion of MCG signals, we performed multi-level frequency decomposition using wavelet packets and local adaptive noise cancellation in each local frequency range. In addition to the proposed wavelet filter to eliminate these various non-stationary noise elements, the local adaptive filter using the least mean square(LMS) algorithm and the soft threshold do-noising method are introduced in this paper. The signal to noise ratio(SNR) and the reconstruction square error(RSE) are calculated to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compared with the results of the conventional wavelet filter and adaptive filter. The experimental results show that the proposed local adaptive filtering method is better than the conventional methods.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권9C호
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• pp.939-948
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 JPEG2000의 EBCOT에서 과다한 연산량을 요구하는 컨텍스트 추출과정의 연산량을 감소시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 웨이블릿 변환의 특성인 계수들의 트리구조와 그 계수들의 상관도를 이용하여 특정 임계값을 설정하고 그 임계값보다 작은 계수와 그 자손계수들은 컨텍스트 추출과정을 거치지 않게 하는 것이다. 이 임계값이 증가함에 따라 컨텍스트 추출을 위한 연산량과 출력 데이터양이 줄어드나 화질의 열화가 심해지는 연산량과 화질 또는 데이터량간의 상보적 관계가 성립된다. 따라서 이 임계값을 네트워크의 환경 또는 조건에 따라 설정하면 네트워크에 적응적으로 수행할 수 있는 컨텍스트 추출방법이 가능하다. 이 방법을 실험한 결과 수용할 만한 화질의 범위(30dB 이상)의 임계값은 0에서 4사이이었으며, 이 범위에서 연산량은 평균 $3\%$에서 $64\%$를 감소할 수 있고, 출력데이터는 평균 $32\%$에서 $73\%$의 감소율을 보여 수용할 만한 화질의 열화를 대가로 상당한 연산량 감소와 데이터량 감소를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 제안한 방법은 무선 환경에서 영상/비디오 데이터의 실시간 통신 등에 매우 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.