• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• 제15D권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2008

This paper evaluates software cost estimation models, and presents the most suitable model. First, we transformed a relevant model into variables to make in linear. Second, we evaluated model's performance considering how much suitable the cost data of the actual development software was. In the stage of model performance evaluation criteria, we used MMRE which is the relative error concept rather than the absolute error. Existing software cost estimation model follows Weibull, Gamma, and Rayleigh function. In this paper, Gompertz function model is suggested which is a kind of growth curve. Additionally, we verify the compatability of other different growth curves. As a result of evaluation of model's performance, Gompertz function was considered to be the most suitable for the cost estimation model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 한국건설관리학회 2004년도 제5회 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.579-583
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• 2004

A new and extendable highway should be planned and budgeted by estimating the total construction cost on the basis of the precise cost data. However, the demolition or disjointing cost could not reflect construction site condition sufficiently because it was simply estimated by multiplying the highway structure installation cost by the regular ratio($10\~70\%$) specified in the Korea Standard Estimate. The regular ratio for estimating of demolition and disjointing cost was calculated by not actual construction cost data but subjective experiences of field manager. Therefore, the reliance of the estimated demolition or disjointing cost has been declined. The primary objective of this study is to purpose the standard for estimating proper demolition or disjointing cost of relevant items through various site analysis and survey, and to investigate on the propriety of ratio-unit price method for estimating demolition and disjointing cost.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.352-361
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• 2010

Objectives: This study estimated the annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 from a societal perspective and using a cost-of-illness method. Methods: Our model employed a comprehensive set of diagnostic disease codes to define food-borne diseases with using the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) reimbursement data. This study classified the food borne illness as three types of symptoms according to the severity of the illness: mild, moderate, severe. In addition to the traditional method of assessing the cost-of-illness, the study included measures to account for the lost quality of life. We estimated the cost of the lost quality of life using quality-adjusted life years and a visual analog scale. The direct cost included medical and medication costs, and the non-medical costs included transportation costs, caregiver's cost and administration costs. The lost productivity costs included lost workdays due to illness and lost earnings due to premature death. Results: The study found the estimated annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 were 954.9 billion won (735.3 billion won-996.9 billion won). The medical cost was 73.4 -76.8% of the cost, the lost productivity cost was 22.6% and the cost of the lost quality of life was 26.0%. Conclusions: Most of the cost-of-illness studies are known to have underestimated the actual socioeconomic costs of the subjects, and these studies excluded many important social costs, such as the value of pain, suffering and functional disability. The study addressed the uncertainty related to estimating the socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease as well as the updated cost estimates. Our estimates could contribute to develop and evaluate policies for food-borne disease.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2003

Financial difficulties and claims frequently stop construction works and cause subsequent contract cancellations. However, as the criteria to assess costs have not been established, many cases of legal disputes over the assessment of cancellation costs are taking place and the concerned parties are suffering the loss of time and money. Therefore, the present research aimed at developing a rational and systematic model of cancellation cost assessment following the cancellation of contracts. The research was carried out in the following methods and scopes. 1 ) The research was focused on the assessment of fair cancellation costs from constructors' side for contracts cancelled by any causes for which the owners have liability. 2) To obtain basic materials about cancellation cost assessment methods, contracts, claims, contract cancellations and construction-related laws at home and abroad were examined. 3) A cost assessment model was developed for systematization and efficient operation of cancellation cost assessment, and the reliability and efficiency of the proposed model was verified through a case study. The conclusions drawn from the research are as follows. The importance of the cancellation cost assessment model was confirmed as, using the cancellation cost assessment model, direct cancellation cost and indirect cancellation cost could be assessed systematically, the number of disputable items could be reduced because reasonable evidences of actual spending were presented, and the loss of constructors could be minimized because systematic and rational cost assessment became possible for many disputable cases of indirect cancellation cost, which the constructors had been unable to prove so far though having spent.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2009

The quality of early cost estimates is critical to the feasibility analysis and budget allocation decisions for public capital projects. Various researches have been attempted to develop cost prediction models in the early stage of a construction project. However, existing studies are limited on its applicability to actual projects because they focus primarily on a specific phase as well as utilize restricted information while the amount of information collectable differs from one another along with the project stages. This research aims to develop two-staged cost estimation model for the schematic planning and preliminary design process of a construction projects, considering the available information of each phase. In the schematic planning stage where outlined information of a project is only available, the Case-Based Reasoning model is used for easy and rapid elicitation of a project cost based on the extensive database of more than 90 actual highway construction projects. Then, the representing quantity-based model is proposed for the preliminary design stage where more information on the quantities and unit costs are collectable based on the alternative routes and cross-sections of a highway project. Real case studies are used to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed approach. Through the two-stage cost estimation system, users are able to hold a timely prospect to presume the final cost within the budge such that feasibility study as well as budget allocation decisions are made on effectively and competitively.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

It is very important the government project should be supported by enough budget for proceeding. The insufficient budget by poor budget estimating uesd to bring about discontinuing for the project. This is originally caused by inaccuracy for cost estimating about system and evaluating for system requirements on the projet initial phase. The system requirements is technical requirements that converted the user needs and is needs for communicating between stakeholder and developer and manufacturer. Also the system requirements is the primary factor to make the project cost. The cost estimating is not easy due to complication of cost factors and an aberration between cost estimating and actual cost. Specially, on the project initial phase, shortage of detail information for project make more difficult to do cost estimating. This study proposes the architecture for validating proper system requirements by using cost estimations methodology on the project initial phase and shows the computer tool for simulating the proposed architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.576-584
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• 2011

In order to develop a launch vehicle successfully, it is important to estimate development costs accurately but it is also important to plan the annual budget. In this paper, the statistical method was utilized for cost spreading. For cost spread modeling, the suitability of the model by analyzing several statistical models was evaluated and consequently, the beta-distribution model has been selected. In this study, the validity of the annual estimation cost model was verified through the comparison of the actual development cost distribution and the estimating cost distribution of Space Shuttle Main Engine. In addition, this paper estimated the annual budget required for the development of the KSLV-II using currently allocated cost for successful development. It is anticipated that the present cost spread model can be applied to not only launch vehicle development but also other large complex system development.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• 제13D권5호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2006

The cost estimation of software is getting more important as the portion of software is increasing in acquiring weapon systems. However, the cost estimation of embedded software in a weapon system follows the cost estimation method for general purpose softwares and uses the PRICE S model as a tool. However, any validation result of the estimated cost through an evaluated software size is not well known. Hence, we propose an approach to estimate the cost through evaluating the embedded software site in weapon systems. In order to achieve our research goal, we evaluate the software size of using the line of codes and function points which are produced by the PRICE S model. Finally, we compare the estimated cost data the actual cost data provided by the production company. As a result, we propose an approach to estimate the size and the cost of embedded software in weapon systems which are not easy to estimate objectively. We also expect that the Proposed approach is used for the cost validation and negotiation in the acquisition of weapon systems in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.353-366
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• 2021

Objectives: An appropriate level of cost support is being proposed to maximize the participation rate. In addition, as the amount of support is highly concentrated at the level of the limit under the current level of supports, the level of cost support is low when the actual level of cost of measuring the working environment exceeds the limit. This paper describes the adjustment of an appropriate cost support rate. Methods: First, this paper analyzes the current cost support status using data from the KOSHA. Second, an alternative for adjusting the cost support rate is presented in consideration of the incentive aspect. Third, we present simulation results for the average cost support rate, the impact of each alternative on finance, and more. Fourth, the most desirable adjustment method is presented after comparing and analyzing the results of various alternatives. Results: In this paper, we present a new scale model. This model is a mixture of flat-rate, fixed rate, and subside cap. It is expected that the new model will not only facilitate participation in businesses with low measurement costs, but also have the effect of controlling measurement costs for institutions that incur greater costs. It is also expected that setting a cap will have the effect of considering government finances and inducing excessively costly institutions to reduce costs. Thus, the new model is likely to be superior to others. If the fourth plan is applied to new businesses and the fifth plan is applied to sustainable businesses, the average cost support rates will be 87.68 percent and 65.18 percent, respectively, and the needed finances will be 2.5 billion won, 18.8 billion won, and 21.3 billion won in total. Conclusions: It seems most desirable to introduce a new model that combines flat-rate, fixed-rate, and subsidy cap systems and achieve an appropriate cost support rate through this model.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

As climate change and environmental pollution become one of the biggest global issues today, new renewable energy, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) system, is getting great attention as a sustainable energy source. However, initial investment cost of PV system is considerable, and thus, it is crucial to predict electricity generation accurately before installation of the system. This study analyzes the loss ratio of solar photovoltaic electricity generation from the actual PV system monitoring data to predict electricity generation more accurately in advance. This study is carried out with the following five steps: (i) Data collection of actual electricity generation from PV system and the related information; (ii) Calculation of simulation-based electricity generation; (iii) Comparative analysis between actual electricity generation and simulation-based electricity generation based on the seasonality; (iv) Stochastic approach by defining probability distribution of loss ratio between actual electricity generation and simulation-based electricity generation ; and (v) Case study by conducting Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) based on the probability distribution function of loss ratio. The results of this study could be used (i) to estimate electricity generation from PV system more accurately before installation of the system, (ii) to establish the optimal maintenance strategy for the different application fields and the different season, and (iii) to conduct feasibility study on investment at the level of life cycle.