• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1983

This study was done to research the relationship between State-Trait Anxiety and Sexual activity of pregnant women. The subjects for this study were 200 pregnant women from 2 hospitals located in a urban area. The data was collected through questionnaires which was developed by Spielberger, from to, 1982. The content of the questionnaire consist of following 2 categories of Anxiety and Sexual activity; (1) State Anxiety, (2) Trait Anxiety and (3) Sexual activity included sexual drive, number of sexual intercourse, and length of sexual intercourse. Analysis of data was done by use percentage, T-test, x$^2$-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficiency. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The mean score of state Anxiety and Trait Anxiety of respondents were 43.06, 44.19, therefore Trait Anxiety was higher than state Anxiety. 2. A significant state Anxiety and Trait Anxiety were not found among general characteristics with age, education level and religion 3. In the analysis of correlation among state Anxiety, Trait anxiety and Sexual activity, the Trait Anxiety was positively correlated with the State Anxiety. (r=.3877, p=.000) It was support the fact that the higher level of Trait anxiety, the greater was the State anxiety. 4. And the state anxiety was negatively correlated with number of sexual intercourse. (r=-1518, p=.016) Therefore, the higher the state anxiety, the lower sexual activity. Or the lower sexual activity, the higher the State Anxiety. 5. Also, in the analysis of factors affecting sexual activity, only the variable of age showed a significant correlation to number of sexual intercounse. That is the younger, the higher number of sexual intercounse. (r=. -. 1380, p=.026).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.626-640
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct leisure physical activity model of middle-aged women in urban area. Methods: Data were gathered by self-report questionnaire from 211 women aged between 41 and 59 years in urban community. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program and the model was constructed using the LISREL 8.54 program. Results: Variables that have direct effects on leisure physical activity were health state, past leisure physical activity, social support, self-efficacy, and affect. Perceived leisure state and behavioral leisure attitude also influenced leisure physical activity in an indirect way. Perceived leisure state had a direct effect on self-efficacy. Behavioral leisure attitude, past leisure physical activity, and experience of exercise effect had significantly direct effects on affect Conclusion: It will provide basic information for developing strategies of programs to enhance leisure physical activity of middle-aged women in urban area.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of fatigue and its related factors in patients with breast cancer. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 62 breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Disruption of Usual Activity Scale, Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scale and Self-Care Diary Scale were employed to measure fatigue, disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom respectively. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS-PC to obtain summary statistics for the descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Result: The results are as follows. 1. The mean score of the degree of fatigue was 4.82 points indicating moderate level. 2. The mean score of the degree of disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom were 2.66, 5.00, and 4.69 points. 3. Fatigue of the subjects was significantly correlated with disruption of usual activity(r=.517, p<.01), mood state(r=.420, p<.01) and physical symptom(r=.463, p<.01). 4. With the result of stepwise multiple regression, disruption of usual activity, mood state and physical symptom being the three variables which could explain fatigue by 39.1%. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive intervention strategy for fatigue should be developed to maintain quality of life during and following chemotherapy considering these factors.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.2 s.19
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• pp.9-33
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the dialogue about the notion of advanced mathematical thinking by offering an alternative characterization for this idea, namely advancing mathematical activity. We use the term advancing (versus advanced) because we emphasize the progression and evolution of students' reasoning in relation to their previous activity. We also use the term activity, rather than thinking. This shift in language reflects our characterization of progression in mathematical thinking as acts of participation in a variety of different socially or culturally situated mathematical practices. We emphasize for these practices the changing nature of student' mathematical activity and frame the process of progression in terms of multiple layers of horizontal and vertical mathematizing.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1228-1232
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• 2005

Four compounds, including two novel macrolides, were isolated from an endophyte Streptomyces sp. Is9131 of Maytenus hookeri. Spectral data indicated that these compounds were dimeric dinactin (1), dimeric nonactin (2), cyclo-homononactic acid (3), and cyclo-nonactic acid (4). Bioassay results showed that dimeric dinactin had strong antineoplastic activity and antibacterial activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.565-571
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• 2013

This is the first report on using Catathelasma ventricosum for production of fruiting body and lignocellulosic enzymes. To improve the laccase activity and productivity of mushroom, the substrate was added with different supplements (eight aromatic compounds, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+}$). Based on the results, all these supplements can improve the laccase activity and productivity of C. ventricosum, and it seems that there is a critical value of laccase activity that affects the productivity of C. ventricosum. In addition, when Penicillium decumbens was inoculated into the substrate that had been cultivated with C. ventricosum for 20 days, the highest values of laccase activity, FPA activity, and productivity of C. ventricosum were obtained. Moreover, the laccase activity showed a positive correlation with the productivity of C. ventricosum. Finally, the effect of $Mn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and P. decumbens on laccase activity was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.188-197
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• 2004

Objective and Methods : This study was performed to evaluate the anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect of modified formulas Korean traditional medicine Cheongsinhwadam-Jeon(CSHDJ). The extract of CSHDJ was administered (p.o.) to mice for 14 days in anticonvulsant and antioxidant tests. Results : The pretreatment of CSHDJ extract prohibited pentylenetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion. In PTZ-induced convulsion, lowered level of brain ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) was restored normal state by the pretreatment of CSHDJ. Increased level of brain glutamic acid was lowered to normal state by CSHDJ, and increased activity of brain ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid transaminase(GABA-T) was reduced to normal state by CSHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased level of brain lipid peroxide was lowered to normal state by the pretreatment of CSHDJ. Increased activity of brain xanthine oxidase(XOD) was lowered by CSHDJ, and increased activity of brain aldehyde oxidase lowered to normal state by CSHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase in brain were lowered by the pretreatment of CSHDJ, whereas increased level of glutathione and increased activity of gluthathione peroxidase in brain were not changed significantly. Conclusions : Above results suggest that CSHDJ has anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect. That seems to be strongly related with the levels of GABA, glutamate, lipid peroxide and the activities of GABA-T, XOD, aldehyde oxidase, SOD, catalase in brain tissue. From these results, CSHDJ could be applied to various convulsive disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.892-900
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• 1994

A variety of important roles for branched-chain amino acids in metabolic regulation has been suggested. Branched-chain $\alpha$-keto acid dehydrogenase(BCKAD) complex is a rate limiting enzyme in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on the activity and activity state of branched-chain $\alpha$-keto acid dehydrogenase in rat hert and liver thssues. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three experimental groups : sedentary control, exercised, or exercised-rested. Submaximal exercise(running) for two hours significantly increased basal activity without a change in total activity in both tissues, with a concomitiant increase in activity state of the enzyme complex. At 10 min post-exercise, heart enzyme activity significantly decreased, though not to the control level, while liver enzyme activity remained unchanged. These data suggested that the exercise-induced increase in branched-chain $\alpha$-keto acid decarboxylation in rat tissues may not be the result of enzyme synthesis, but rather is due to increased activity of the BCKAD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.347-355
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• 2016

An exo-β-D-glucosaminidase (AorCsxA) from Aspergillus oryzae FL402 was heterologously expressed and purified. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that AorCsxA belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 2. AorCsxA digested colloid chitosan into glucosamine but not into chitosan oligosaccharides, demonstrating exo-β-D-glucosaminidase (CsxA) activity. AorCsxA exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 50℃; however, the enzyme expressed in Pichia pastoris (PpAorCsxA) showed much stronger thermostability at 50℃ than that expressed in Escherichia coli (EcAorCsxA), which may be related to glycosylation. AorCsxA activity was inhibited by EDTA and most of the tested metal ions. A single amino acid mutation (F769W) in AorCsxA significantly enhanced the specific activity and hydrolysis velocity as revealed by comparison of V_max and k_cat values with those of the wild-type enzyme. The three-dimensional structure suggested the tightened pocket at the active site of F769W enabled efficient substrate binding. The AorCsxA gene was heterologously expressed in P. pastoris, and one transformant was found to produce 222 U/ml activity during the high-cell-density fermentation. This AorCsxA-overexpressing P. pastoris strain is feasible for large-scale production of AorCsxA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.468-473
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• 2009

The antibiotic meroparamycin was produced in the free culture system of Streptomyces sp. strain MAR01. Five solid substrates (rice, wheat bran, Quaker, bread, and ground corn) were screened for their ability to support meroparamycin production in solid-state fermentation. In batch culture, wheat bran recorded the highest antibacterial activity with the lowest residual substrate values. The highest residual substrate values were recorded for both ground corn and Quaker. On the other hand, no antibacterial activity was detected for rice as a solid substrate. The use of the original strength of starch-nitrate medium in the solid-state fermentation gave a lower antibacterial activity compared with the free culture system. Doubling the strength of this medium resulted in the increase in the activity to be equivalent to the free culture. The initial pH (7.0) of the culture medium and 2 ml of spore suspension (1 ml contains $5{\times}10^{9}spores/ml$) were the optima for antibiotic production. The water was the best eluent for the extraction of the antibiotic from the solid-state culture. Ten min was enough time to extract the antibiotic using a mixer, whereas, 60 min was required when shaking was applied. Semicontinuous production of meroparamycin using a percolation method demonstrated a more or less constant antibacterial activity over 4 runs ($450-480{\mu}g/ml$). The semicontinuous production of the antibiotic was monitored in a fixed-bed bioreactor and the maximum activity was attained after the fourth run ($510{\mu}g/ml$) and the overall process continued for 85 days.