• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to measure abdominal muscle thickness when Pelvic Floor contraction (PFC) and Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver (ADIM) were separately applied and combined exercise was applied and to compare the effects of the exercise. After the pre-investigation, the subjects were given a explanation of the purpose and the method of the research and then an experiment was conducted targeting a total of 30 subjects, who voluntarily agreed with this. Thicknesses of internal oblique (IO), transverse abdominis (TrA) and external oblique (EO) were measured during a break and then three types of exercise. All the measured values of the experiment were processed using Repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni method was applied. As a result, the three types of exercise showed significant differences in thicknesses of IO, TrA and EO. In conclusion, the subjects had the thickest muscles and muscular activity increased during PFC+ADIM, compared to PFC and ADIM.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.474-483
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage via activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a VEGFR2 inhibitor, in the development of vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), treatment with RLYE blocked VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, ERK, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to suppression of VEGF-A-mediated hyper-production of NO. Treatment with RLYE also inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenic processes (migration, proliferation, and tube formation) and the hyperpermeability of HRMECs, in addition to attenuating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability in mice. The anti-vascular permeability activity of RLYE was correlated with enhanced stability and positioning of the junction proteins VE-cadherin, ${\beta}$-catenin, claudin-5, and ZO-1, critical components of the cortical actin ring structure and retinal endothelial barrier, at the boundary between HRMECs stimulated with VEGF-A. Furthermore, intravitreally injected RLYE bound to retinal microvascular endothelium and inhibited laser-induced CNV in mice. These findings suggest that RLYE has potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of CNV by preventing VEGFR2-mediated vascular leakage and angiogenesis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.164-174
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• 2021

This study confirmed the potential of Punica granatum L. extract for functional activity verification and cosmetic development. The electron-donating ability of Punica granatum L. extract was shown 60.6% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Its ABTS+ radical scavenging ability was shown 93.9% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Additionally, the inhibitive effects of elastase and collagenase inhibition effects were measured as 30% and 47.2%, respectively, at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. To determine the effect of Punica granatum L. extract on the proliferation of fibroblasts (CCD-986sk), cell viability was measured using a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. As a result, survival rates of 130% or higher at a 500 ㎍/ml concentration or less were confirmed. According to the results of Western blot with Punica granatum L. extract, the expression inhibition rates of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were decreased by 23.2%, 81.9%, and 69.2%, respectively, at a 100 ㎍/ml concentration. Based on the results above, O/W liquid crystal cream with 0.1% Punica granatum L. extract was prepared. The stabilities were tested at 4, 25, 45, and 50℃. By checking the pH, change over time, and stability by temperature, it was confirmed that all were stable for one month. Thus, Punica granatum L. extract shows potential as a natural material for cosmetics.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate muscle function and symmetry index during whole body vibration exercise using lower extremity training posture for throwing athletes. For throwing athletes in their 20s(6 males, 4 females, age: 24.60±0.92years, height: 177.90±7.40cm, weight: 92.90±22.97kg), lower extremity training postures with squat, carphrase, and lunge movements. Whole body vibration exercise training was performed using. Tensiomyography(TMG) variables Time Delay(Td), Time Contraction(Tc), Time Sustain(Ts) Time Relaxation(Tr), and Displacement Maximumal(Dm) in the lower extremity joint muscles(biceps femoris(BF), gastrocnemius lateral(GL), gastrocnemius medial(GM), rectus femoris(RF), tibialis anterior(TA), lateral vastus(LV), medial latissimus(ML)), were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and left-right symmetry. The results of the study are left RF, VL, right VM (p<.05) in Td, VM (p<.05) in Tc, GM in Ts (p<.05), left RF in Tr, and right TA (p<. 05) showed a change. Therefore, it has been proven that various whole-body vibration training is an effective exercise with changes in muscle contraction, and stability of the core is secured by symmetry of the left and right muscles. For this reason, the whole body vibration exercise will have a positive effect on rehabilitation training, and it is believed that it will be able to improve performance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.670-677
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• 2020

To prevent contamination by Campylobacter jejuni during chicken carcass processing, the effect of emulsifiers on C. jejuni inoculated on chicken skin was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Among the 8 emulsifiers (SWA-10D, L-7D, M-7D, S-1670, L-1695, P-1670, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) tested for antimicrobial activity by the paper disk method, 4 emulsifiers (L-7D, L-1695, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) were screened further. Emulsifier L-1695 showed the largest clear zone at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The 4 emulsifiers subjected to primary screening were screened for heat and pH stability. In the contact surface test, emulsifier L-1695 showed the lowest log CFU/㎠ value on both stainless steel and ceramic surfaces. When emulsifier L-1695 was applied via general and electrostatic spray methods, the number of C. jejuni entrapped inside chicken skin follicles was significantly reduced in both methods. In conclusion, the emulsifier L-1695 could be employed as a microbial detachment agent in the chicken carcass processing industry.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a complex mixture of natural substances of ginseng and baeknyeoncho on the arthritic rats. Methods : In vitro experiments were conducted to ensure the stability of the complex. After setting toxicity and concentration by MTT assay, the antioxidant effect was measured through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of the complex, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) were measured in LPS-treated macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7). We injected monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) 50 μl (60 mg/ml) into knee joints of rats to induce osteoarthritis. The rats were divided into three groups (normal (n=5), control (n=5), and OR (n=5) group). The control group consumed 2 mg/kg of physiological saline once a day for 4 weeks, and the OR group was mixed at a concentration of 416.5 mg/kg of Baengnyeoncho (O) and 208.25 mg/kg of red ginseng (R) and ingested 1 mL each 5 days a week. Results : This complex increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate. The complex decreased NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine production of macrophages. In the OR group, the secretion of cytokine in serum was decreased. In histopathological examination, the joint tissue of the composite showed less damage to the synovial membrane, cartilage, and fibrous tissue than the control group. Conclusions : As a result of this study, natural complexes have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection effects. Therefore, we expect the complex to be effective in treating osteoarthritis.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.331-339
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• 2022

The global process of transition from industrial to information society, as well as socio-economic changes taking place in Ukraine, require significant changes in many areas of state activity. It is especially connected with the reforms in the sphere of education. Today, national programs provide for the development of education on the basis of new progressive concepts, the introduction of the educational process of new pedagogical technologies and scientific achievements, the creation of a new system of information education, entrance of Ukaine into the transcontinental computer information system. Information technologies are qualitatively changing the key resources of development: this is no longer a space with fixed production, but primarily mobile finance and intelligence. They have a direct impact on the formation of personal growth, professional content and self-organization, emotional and psychological maturity and consciousness, and so on. One of the main factors in ensuring the stability and social education of the country's citizens is the culture of security, the formation and development of which is an urgent problem today. Comprehensive and systematic development of security culture will significantly increase the readiness of the population, the level of environmental, labor and patriotic education, reduce human losses, material damage from emergencies. Ecological education can be carried out more successfully only gradually and in accordance with the socio-psychological periods of one's development: kindergarten - school - college - university. The creation of such a system of environmental education should be enshrined as the basis of state environmental policy as a constitutional norm with the usage of information technology. Graduates of universities, who are the future of our country, after mastering the skills of basic environmental education must have a high level of environmental culture, which is, in turn, part of general human culture, and investigate environmental issues from the standpoint of their profession. It is known that with the help of environmental education the collective intelligence of society is formed, which can predict human activities and processes occurring in nature, and in some way to help with the elimination of crises. It is through environmental education that another system of human values is being formed, which places great emphasis on intangible wealth and solidarity, and great responsibility of humanity for the ecological state of the native country; provides a higher standard of living as a result of sustainable development, through the introduction of information technology in this system. To improve the quality of life, we need better knowledge, which must be implemented through information technology at the international level.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.189-200
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• 2023

As urbanization and industrialization increase development in downtown areas, damage due to ground settlement continues to occur. Building collapse in urban has a high risk of leading to large-scale damage to life and property. However, there has rarely been studied on measurement data analysis methods when uneven loads are applied to the excavated ground and no prior knowledge of the ground. Accordingly, it was attempted to analyze the relative settlement behavior and correlation by processing the time-series surface settlement of construction sites in the urban. In this paper, the average index of difference in settlement and average of relative difference in settlement are defined and calculated, then plotted in the coordinate system to analyze the relative settlement behavior over time. In addition, since there was no prior knowledge of the ground, a standard to classify the clusters was needed, and the observation points were classified into using k-means clustering and Dunn Index. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that all the clusters moved to the stable region as the settlement amount converges. The clusters were segmented. Based on the analysis results, it was possible to distinguish between the independent displacement area and same behavior area by analyzing the correlation between measurement points. If possible to analyze the relative settlement behavior between the stations and classify the behavior areas, it can be helpful in settlement and stability management, such as uplift of the surrounding area, prediction of ground failure area, and prevention of activity failure.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2023

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the most effective method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, but the operating temperature range of V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts is narrow (300~400℃). In this study, a new catalyst with an operating temperature range of 200~450℃ was developed. The catalyst poison, ammonium bisulfate, generated during the SCR process can be removed by heating above 350℃. To increase the number of active sites and promote the dispersion of active materials, titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) treatment was performed on the TiO₂ support with various TTIP/TiO₂ mass ratios. Among them, the 5 wt% TTIP loaded catalyst showed improved performance due to higher thermal stability caused by high W dispersion and the formation of V⁵⁺. In addition, the 5 wt% TTIP-loaded catalyst prepared by a one-step co-precipitation method showed greater V-OH and W-OH dispersion and enhanced interactions in contrast to conventional methods, resulting in higher catalytic activity at lower temperatures. This review article aims to provide an accessible explanation for researchers investigating how to improve the surface properties of TiO2 catalysts using TTIP.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2022

Purpose: The modified Broström repair (BR) technique has yielded good outcomes in patients with chronic ankle instability. This study compared clinical and radiological outcomes between two groups of patients who underwent modified BR or lateral ligament augmentation using suture tapes (ST). Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven patients (ST group [n=47], BR group [n=30]; body mass index <26.61 kg/m²; mean age, 30.7±11.0 years [range, 17~39 years]; mean follow-up, 34.0±12.0 months [range, 24~59 months]) were retrospectively reviewed between January 2014 and July 2017. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Sefton grading system were used for clinical assessment. The talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation were measured using the Telos stress device (Telos GmbH, Marburg, Germany) at 150 N for radiological evaluation. Results: FAOS, AOFAS, FAAM, and VAS scores improved in both groups at final follow-up (ST, 91.1±5.2, 93±2, 88.1±4.5, 1.5±0.7 vs. BR, 91.3±5.4, 93±3, 83.3±4.8, 1.2±0.7, respectively; p=0.854, 0.971, <0.001, 0.04, respectively). According to the FAOS, mean sports activity scores for the ST and BR groups at the final follow-up were 90.3±3.2 and 76.6±4.2, respectively, reflecting superior outcomes in the ST group (p<0.001). Sefton grading revealed satisfactory functional outcomes (ST, 91.5% vs. BR, 90.0%). There was significant improvement in the talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation in both the ST and BR groups (7.6°±1.2°, 10.5±1.8 mm vs. 4.9°±1.1°, 7.9±1.5 mm, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion: The ST group demonstrated comparable clinical but better improvement in mechanical stability and FAOS sports scores than the BR group.