• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Objective : Questionnaires completed by occupational therapists and patients in institutions conducting a "Pilot Project of Rehabilitation Medical Institutions" were used to determine whether occupational therapy was able to establish appropriate patient support systems for return to home and community. Methods : The questionnaire was completed by 293 occupational therapists from 13 institutions conducting pilot projects and 296 patients from 8 institutions who were able to respond. Results : Although the Pilot Project of Rehabilitation Medical Institutions is being implemented to enable early return of patients to activities of daily living, the most important therapeutic goal is not efficiently applied. In addition, since the health insurance systems utilized in medical institutions are applied as in the pilot project, there is no basis for evaluation and mediation of practical daily activities and vocational rehabilitation for actual return to the community. Conclusion : Through a detailed review of the pilot project, it will be necessary to improve the quality of life through the early return of patients to social activity, and to make practical improvements to reduce unnecessary societal expenditures.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2017

In order to obtain promising rice growth-promoting microbial strains that can be used as substitutes for chemical fertilizers, 172 bacterial strains were isolated from rice roots grown in Korean and Russian soils. Out of them, the strains KR076, KR083, KR181 and RRj228 showed plant growth-promoting activities on maize seedlings. Bacillus megaterium KR076 and Bacillus sp. KR083 showed both nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting activities, while Rhizobium sp. KR181 and Pseudomonas sp. RRj228 appeared to support only plant growth-promotion, but not $N_2$ fixation. Especially, RRj228 showed high growth promoting activity at low concentrations. Inoculation studies with KR083 and RRj228 revealed a high affinity to the Japonica rice variety such as Junambyeo than the Korean Tongil type variety such as Arumbyeo. Both KR083 and RRj228 strains showed rhizoplane and/or endophytic colonization in Japonica and Tongil types rice when soaked with the bacterial suspension of $1.1{\times}10^5cfu\;ml^{-1}$ for six and twelve hours. However, the total bacterial cell numbers were higher in the roots of Japonica variety than in the Tongil type. In inoculation trials with Daesanbyeo rice variety, the seedlings inoculated with KR181 and RRj228 at the rate of $2.0{\times}10^6cfu\;ml^{-1}$ showed yield increment of 35% and 33% (p < 0.01), respectively, so that they contributed to the replacement of chemical fertilizer at half doses of N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ in pots. In Junambyeo rice seedlings, the strain RRj228, when inoculated with a cell suspension of $1.8{\times}10^6cfu\;ml^{-1}$, promoted 3.4% higher yield at 70% dose than at a full dose level of N $110kg\;ha^{-1}$ in field. These results suggest that the rhizobacteria KR181 and RRj228 are prospective strains for enhancing rice performance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to compare pulsatile type(Twin Pulse Life Support; TPLS) with rotary type hemodialyzer(AK95) in order to reduce the dialysis time and to improve dialysis effect. Three healthy dogs(about 30 kg BW) were used. Experimental renal failure was induced by the ligation of bilateral renal artery. A pair of catheters were implanted in jugular vein for dialysis. Daily investigated parameters included clinical signs such as vomiting, fecal appearance and activity, and also laboratory data such as PCV, TP, BUN and creatinine. Hemodialysis was started above 90 mg/100 ml BUN level and, laboratory data were measured every an hour for 4 hours. Heparin was administered 300 IU/Kg before dialysis and 150 IU/Kg via IV route every 90 minutes during dialysis. Clinical signs after induction renal failure were shown severe vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, mucous feces, ataxia, dilated pupil and episcleral hyperemia. The average of BUN value decreased hourly $99{\pm}12.1,\;84{\pm}12.2,\;72{\pm}8.0,\;58{\pm}7.1,\;48{\pm}5.2,\;and\;39{\pm}3.2mg/100ml$ by hemodialysis. The average of creatinine value decreased $7.8{\pm}0.61,\;6.4{\pm}0.40,\;5.3{\pm}0.42,\;4.5{\pm}0.23,\;4.0{\pm}0.41,\;and\;3.4{\pm}0.42mg/100ml$ according to hemodialysis an hour. There are not significantly differences BUN, creatinine, PCV and TP values between pulsatile and rotary type hemodialysis. These results suggested that effects of hemodialysis with Pulsatile type(TPLS) are not significantly difference as compared with hemodialysis of rotary type(AK95). Further research is needed in order to estimate the influence of cardiovascular and pulmonary system in hemodialysis of pulsatile type.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.77-95
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• 2011

This paper investigates the relationship between export and economic variables such as trade insurance, world economy activity, relative price, unemployment rate, exchange rate volatility, using monthly data. I employ Johansen cointegration methodology since the model must be stationary to avoid the spurious results. The results indicate that there is a long-run relationship between export and variables. Also, the empirical analysis of cointegrating vector using the CCR, DOLS, FMOLS reveals that the increases of trade insurance has positive relations and the increases of exchange rate volatility have negative relations with export. Especially, DOLS based on Monte Carlo simulations, of this estimator being superior in small samples compared to a number of alternative estimators, as well as being able not only to accommodate higher orders of integration but also to account for possible simultaneity within regressors of a potential system. This paper also applies impulse-response functions to get the additional information regarding the responses of the export to the shocks of the variables. The result indicates that export positively to trade insurance and then decay fast compare with exchange rate volatility. Consequently, trade insurance plays the role of trade policy for export promotion in Korea. Whereas, increase of exchange risk result in reduction of export. Therefore, the support of trade insurance should be expanded and the stabilization of the foreign exchange market must be done for the export promotion.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.93-102
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• 2010

Existing web based information service system solutions show limitations in mobile information services, as well as problems such as uncertain error messages, and difficulty providing swift assistance or real time emergency support. In order to solve these deficiencies, a realtime wireless remote control system has been designed and implemented in this thesis, which is capable of managing and monitoring remote systems using mobile communication devices (Mobile Phone, PDA, Smart Phone) for realtime control. Proposed systems are applied at remote places, for instance 'office building', and a nursery school like 'kindergarten'. In the case of implemented at office building, it can be managing and controlling at real time all sorts of the sensor information that are installed at office building system environment through wire(web environment) or wireless(mobile device). In the other case at kindergarten system that are providing the real-time wireless remote control and monitoring system can be monitoring activity of kindergarten children with a mobile phone of authentication user. The security functions of proposed systems include mobile device user authentication and target system access control. The proposed systems allow real-time user authentication function and system access control function that improve the security of resource administrators and mobile device users, and provides not only uninterrupted services, but also real time mobile service environments.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-$\rho$-dioxin(TCDD) displays high toxicity in animals and has been implicated in human carcinogenesis. Although TCDD is recognized as potent carcinogens, relatively little is known about their role in the tumor promotion and carcinogenesis. It is known that TCDD can increase of cancer risk from various types of tissue by a mechanism possibly involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. In this study, effects of TCDD on cellular proliferation of normal human skin and lung fibroblasts, Detroit551 and WI38 cells were investigated. In addition, to enhance our understanding of TCDD-mediated carcinogenesis, we have investigated process in which expression of Erk1/2, cyclinD1, oncogene such as Ha-ras and c-myc, and their cognate signaling pathway. TCDD that are potent activators of AhR-mediated activity was found to induce significant increase of cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA expression, suggesting a presence of functional AhR. These results support that CYP1A1 enzyme may be involved in the generation of TCDD-induced toxicity. Moreover mitogen-activated protein kinases (MARKs) phosphorylation and cyclin D1 overexpression are induced by TCDD, which corresponded with the progression of cellular proliferation. However, TCDD did not affected Ha-ras and c-myc mRNA expression. Taken together, it seems that TCDD are could be a part of cellular proliferation in non-tumorigenic normal human cells such as Detroit551 and WI38 cells through the upregulation of MAPKs signaling pathway regulating growth of cell population. Therefore, AhR-activating TCDD could potentially contribute to tumor promotion and Detroit551 and WI38 cells have been used as a detection system of tumorigenic effects of TCDD.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.271-300
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• 2013

Human and animals are born with an intuitive ability to determine approximate numerosity. This ability is termed approximate number sense (hereafter, number sense). Evolutionarily, number sense is thought to be an essential ability for hunting, gathering and survival. According to previous research, children with mathematical learning disability have impaired number sense. On the other hand, individuals with more accurate number sense have higher mathematical achievement. These results support the hypothesis that number sense provides a basis for the development of mathematical cognition. Recently, researchers have been examining whether number sense training can lead to enhancement in mathematical achievement and changes in brain activity in relation to mathematical problem solving. Numerosity which basically represents discontinuous quantity is expected to be closely related to continuous quantity such as representations of space and time. A theory of magnitude (ATOM) states that processing of number, space and time is based on a common magnitude system in the posterior parietal cortex, especially the intraparietal sulcus. The present paper introduces current literature and future directions for the study of the common magnitude system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

With increasing interest in health promotion and quality of life, growing attention has been focused on the beneficial effects of urban green area. However, very few evidence-based approaches have been conducted on the health-related benefits of urban greenery. Therefore, this study examined the health-related benefits of green areas using physiological and psychological indices to obtain evidence-based data on these benefits. Twenty male university students were selected as subjects. Data were collected when participants viewed landscapes in a green area or an urban area for fifteen minutes. This research was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Medicine, Chungnam National University. Physiological data in the green area revealed significantly decreased heart rates, significantly increased high-frequency value of heart rate variability, an index of parasympathetic activity, and reduced salivary cortisol concentration, a stress hormone, compared to the urban area. Psychological tests showed the green area significantly reduced the negative mood state and psychological symptoms, and significantly increased the positive mood state. Our data provided evidence for the health-related benefits of green areas, and the findings of this study support that green areas can play a critical role in health promotion for urban residents, by positively affecting autonomic nervous and endocrinal activities.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-perceived benefits from singing and the quality of life of older adults aged 75 years and older. A total of 231 older adults participated in this study with 141 of them living alone and 90 of them living with others. Each participant was instructed to complete the investigator-constructed questionnaire and the Quality of Life scale. The questionnaire consisted of 49 items on demographic information, involvement in leisure activities and singing-related experiences, and perceived benefits from singing. The results showed that the amount of involvement in leisure activities and the measured quality of life were found to differ between the two subgroups of older adults living with and without others. The number of older adults who had singing-related experiences was also differed between the groups. A positive correlation was found between the amount of self-perceived benefit from singing and quality of life. These results indicate that self-perceived benefits from singing could be an important factor for the quality of life of older adults. This study supports the potential benefits of incorporating singing as an active leisure activity into interventions for older adults, expanding the research that has been extensively based on listening-based interventions. Also, it presents clinical implications for how singing interventions and programs could be designed and suggested to support this population to better cope with their life issues and enhance the quality of life.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.232-243
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• 2018

The construction, development and maintenance of an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable campus involves the integration of measuring tools and technical information that invites and encourages the community to know the actual state to generate positive actions for reducing the negative impacts over the local environment. At the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Campus $Bogot{\acute{a}}$, a public area with daily traffic of more than 25000 people, the Environmental Management Bureau has committed with the monitoring of the noise pollution and air quality, as support to the campaigns aiming to reduce the pollutant emissions associated to the student's activities and campus operation. The target of this study is based in the implementation of mobile air quality and sonometry monitoring equipment, the mapping of the actual air quality and noise pollution inside the university campus as a novel methodology for a sub-area inside a megacity. This results and mapping are proposed as planning tool for the institution administrative sections. A mobile Kunak$^{(R)}$ Air & OPC air monitoring station with the capability to measure particulate matter $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, Ozone ($O_3$), Sulfur Oxide ($SO_2$), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide ($NO_2$) as well as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Latitude and Longitude coordinates for the data georeferenciation; and a sonometer Cirrus$^{(R)}$ 162B Class 2 were used to perform the measurements. The measurements took place in conditions of academic activity and without it, with the aim of identify the impacts generated by the campus operation. Using the free code geographical information software QGIS$^{(R)}$ 2.18, the maps of each variable measured were developed, and the impacts generated by the operation of the campus were identified qualitative and quantitively. For the measured variables, an increase of around 21% for the $L_{Aeq}$ noise level and around 80% to 90% for air pollution were detected during the operation period.