• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the different condition of leg support surface on the upper extremity and core muscle activity during the push-up exercise. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects that were practicable push-ups were recruited in this study. Subjects were instructed the push-up exercise in the different condition of the leg support surface. Each condition of support surface was set to the high and lower, and the unstable and stable condition. Muscle activation was measured by using the surface electromyography (EMG), and recorded from the triceps brachii, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, abdominal external oblique, and erector spinea muscle. Results: In the results of experiments, there was no significant difference of muscle activation in upper extremity between the high unstable and high stable support surface. By contrast, muscle activation of the rectus abdominis and abdominal external oblique was significantly higher in the low unstable support surface, compared with those of the low stable support surface. It is well known that the core muscle was important to stabilization of trunk stability. Conclusion: This result demonstrates that the low and unstable support surface for the lower extremity was suited for training of core muscle for trunk stabilization during the push-up exercise.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.493-499
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• 2023

Objectives: This study sought to identify dental hygiene students' adult attachment, interpersonal competence, self-respect, and sociable support, and to identify factors that affect interpersonal competence. Method: A self-administered survey was conducted on 180 students attending dental hygiene schools nationwide from 14 February to 30 May, 2023. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression analys were used, as determined by the SPSS 26.0 program. Results: Dental hygiene students' interpersonal competence measured 3.61 points, adult attachment measured 3.44 points, self-respect measured 3.44 points, and sociable support measured 4.00 points. In terms of general characteristics, significant differences were found in satisfaction with college life and club membership. Interpersonal competence was positively correlated with adult attachment, self-respect, and sociable support. The factor that had the greatest impact on interpersonal competence of dental hygiene students was sociable support, with an explanatory power of 37.3%. Conclusions: In order to improve the sociable support for dental hygiene students, a social activity support network within and outside of school is needed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.29-52
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• 2004

Social welfare has transformed from a provider-centered welfare into a user-centered welfare. This trend have to increase the right to welfare and convenience for users. If the goal of social welfare guaranteed the respecting man's life and dignity, we had not regarded service users as the weak in the welfare system. The reinforcement of service users as the reconfirmation of welfare user's identity, mistreatment and violation of another's rights, self-determination must have the advocacy system. The advocacy for social welfare is the activity for benefit of individual, group, and community, and, protection, guarantee and maintenance of client's right. However, the client is hard to realization of right. therefore We have to support the activity for advocacy. The advocacy take aim the basic need of life and need the system for life support and safeguard client's rights. The mission of the advocacy for welfare service user is to advance the dignity, equality, self-determination, and expressed choices of individuals. We promote, expand, protect and seek to ensure the human and legal rights of individuals through the provision of information and advocacy. The advocacy system will carry out this mission in partnership with welfare service users. The goals for the advocacy system are organized into the following focus areas, which are not listed in order of priority: the majority guardian system and the support activity for service users, a predicament solution activity, service assessment, informed concent system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.714-722
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• 2019

Catalysts were prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation method with 17 wt% Ni on a support ($SiO_2-Y_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2-ZrO_2$, $SiO_2$, $TiO_2$, MgO) and the catalytic activity in the reductive amination of ethanol with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen was compared and evaluated. The catalysts used before and after the reaction were characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, ethanol-temperature programmed desorption (EtOH-TPD), isopropanol-temperature programmed desorption (IPA-TPD), and hydrogen chemisorption etc. In the case of preparing $ZrO_2$ and $Y_2O_3$ supports, the small amount of Si dissolution from the Pyrex reactor surface provoked the formation of mixed oxides $SiO_2-ZrO_2$ and $SiO_2-Y_2O_3$. Among the catalysts used, $Ni/SiO_2-Y_2O_3$ catalyst showed the best activity, and this good activity was closely related to the highest nickel dispersion, and low desorption temperature in EtOH-TPD and IPA-TPD. The low catalytic activity on Ni/MgO catalysts showed low activity due to the formation of NiO-MgO solid-solutions. In the case of $Ni/TiO_2$, the reactivity was low due to the low nickel metal phase due to strong metal-support interaction. In the case of using a support as $SiO_2-Y_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2-ZrO_2$, and $SiO_2$, the selectivities of ethylamines and acetonitrile were not significantly different at similar ethanol conversion.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2001

The purposes of this study was to determine the effect of exercise in stroke patients and to define to strategy to promote their activity of daily living, decrease to their depression. The experiemental design was designed nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The study method had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionaire on 60 patients who had been in patient department in D University hospital and K University hospital in Busan from November 5th, 2000 to the end of February 28th, 2001. Exercise was conducted by the researcher and was carried out experimental group once per day for 20 minutes for daily fourteen days. ADL check List tool by Kang and Center of Epideilogic Studies-Depression (CES-D) were used for measurement in this study. The data was analyzed by means of freqency, percentage, $mean{\pm}SD$, t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA with SPSS/PC. The results were summarized as follow; 1. The experimental group which received exercise should be higher in activity of daily living than the control group was supported (t=2.70, P=.009). 2. The experimental group which received exercise should be lower in depression than the control group was not support(t=-1.120, P=.267) but experimental group post-pre depression score support(t=7.247, P=.000). 3. Factors influencing the activity of daily living measured are payer of medical expenses (F=3.98, P=.018) and complications(t=3.97, P=.056). 4. Factors influencing the depression measured are economic status(F=5.71, P=.009) and caregivers (F=3.09, P=.045). In conclusion, the exercise incresed the activity of daily living and effect on depression of stroke patiens. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the nurses who take care of stroke patients such as exercise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.780-788
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• 2019

This study is intended to analyze flipped classroom learning activities, which have recently been spotlighted as a learner-centered teaching method in universities, from the perspective of cultural and historical activity theory. A survey and some participation observations were conducted with one professor and the students who participated in Educational Methods and Technology courses at A university. The components of the flipped classroom learning activities were analyzed based on the model of the activity system, and contradictions that appeared in the interactions between components were analyzed. Four implications were proposed for a more advanced flipped classroom learning activity system: the professor's and the learners' true identity recognition and role performance, strengthening the organic link between online and offline activities, support for alleviating the burden of teaching and learning preparation, and readjusting the system to support its smooth operation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters and muscle activity of the lower extremities between forward walking on sand (FWS) and backward walking on sand (BWS) in normal adults. Methods: This study was conducted on 13 healthy adults. Subjects performed FWS and BWS and the spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters of stride time, stride length, velocity, cadence, step length, stance, swing, double support, and hip range of motion (ROM), knee ROM were measured by a wearable inertial measurement unit system. In addition, the muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GA) was measured. Results: The stride length, stride velocity, cadence, and step length in the BWS were significantly lower than FWS (p<0.05), and stride time was significantly greater (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio of stance, swing, and double support between the two (p>0.05). The kinematic gait parameters, including hip and knee joint range of motion in BWS, were significantly lower than FWS (p<0.05). The muscle activity of the RF in BWS was significantly higher than FWS (p<0.05), but the muscle activity of the BF, TA, GA did not show any significant differences between the two movements (p>0.05). Conclusion: A strategy to increase stability by changing the gait parameters is used in BWS, and this study confirmed that BWS was a safe and effective movement to increase RF muscle activity without straining the joints. Therefore, BWS can be recommended for effective activation of the RF.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2022

Co/Al₂O₃ nanopowder was used as a catalyst to investigate the effect of catalyst support, reduction temperature, sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) concentration, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, and reaction temperature on the characteristics of NaBH₄ hydrolysis. The Co/Al₂O₃ nanopowder showed a high catalytic activity among various catalysts. Catalyst reduction at 250℃ exhibited a relatively good activity. The activity decreased with an increase in the NaBH₄ concentration. Conversely, the activity increased and then decreased with an increase in the NaOH concentration. Additionally, the activity increased with an increase in the reaction temperature. The value of apparent activation energy was 40.81 kJ/mol, which was lower than the other Co-based catalysts. Thus, Co/Al₂O₃ nanopowder catalyst can be widely used for NaBH₄ hydrolysis owing to its superior catalytic activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1989

Natural killer (NK) cells are a heteroguneous subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously exhibit cytotoxic activity against various virus-Infected and neoplastic target cells without prior exposure to a specific antigen. It was thought that NK calls play an important role in immunosurvrillanre against viral agents and tumors, and in prevention of metastasis. Recently, several reports have indicated evidence that ginseng extracts show a significant stimulatory effect on the humoral and cellular immune responses. This evidence gives support to the suggestion that the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng may be due to the effect of ginseng on the immunological system. Treatment with total, diol, and triol saponin resulted in an increase in NK cytotoxic activity, but no enhancement of the lytic activity due to the natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF). Therefore, these results suggest that the augmentation of NK activity by ginseng saponin fractions may not be due to the activation of NKCF lytic activity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1411-1426
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• 2000

A nursing activity classification for hospitalized patients was performed based on an article review regarding nursing definition and nursing activity classification system. The study was conducted as follows: 1) Taxonomy was developed by the research team through the Delphi process and review article. The taxonomy consists of four nursing processes, (assessment, diagnosis, intervention and evaluation) and twelve nursing activity domains space (resperation, nutrition, elimination, exercise/alignment maintenance, comfort, hygiene, safety, spiritual support, counseling/ education, medication, communication, patient and information management). 2) First, nursing activities of the intervention process were listed and then classified by the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. The list consists of twelve nursing activity domains and 136 nursing activities. 3) A pilot study was conducted in two hospitals to verify validity and appropriateness of nursing activities. 4) The content validity index, which was calculated by 6 clinical practice experts, was 0.95. Also, a nursing activity classification system should also be developed in the department of community nursing and home health care nursing.