• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.832-842
• /
• 1996

TAME synthesis was studied in a fixed bed reactor with 3 different types of exchanged resins i.e, Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) and Amberlyst XN-1010. Amberlyst-15 has highest activity, presumably due to the higher reaction participation of the inner active sites of gel shape microparticular resin structure. The optimum reaction conditions for TAME synthesis were found as follows ; reaction temperature of $135^{\circ}C$, molar ratio(MeOH/I.A.A) of 1.0~4.0 and W/F of 2.0~4.0 gr.-cat. hr/gr.-mole. The cross-linking bond of styrene divinyl benzene was observed at $2{\theta}=20$ in XRD pattern. The DSC analysis showed that the thermal stability was in order of Amberlyst-15>Amberlyst-15(wet)>Amberlyst XN-1010. The apparent activation energies of TAME synthesis reaction with Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) and Amberlyst XN-1010 were 12.36, 12.46 and 14.72 kcal/mole, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2011

The elderly is a target group for health functional foods (HFFs). We surveyed 825 Korean elderly (71.4- years-of-age) for HFF use and significant variables for HFF use including demographic characteristics, health related variables, and nutritional beliefs. The prevalence of HFF use was 48.7%, and among all types of HFF, red ginseng products were eaten most frequently, followed by ginseng products, nutritional supplements, and mushroom products. The mean age of users of HFFs was lower than nonusers (p<.01). HFFs were eaten more frequently by subjects from families living with a spouse or unmarried children (p<.01) and those with higher levels of monthly pocket money (p<.001). HFFs were also eaten more frequently by subjects or their spouses with a higher education level (p<.001). The social activity participation ratio (p<.01) of subjects and the HFF usage ratio by the spouse (p<.001) were higher in users of HFF than in nonusers. Dietary assessment scores were not different between the two groups, and users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefits of HFFs than did nonusers (p<.001). Most users of HFF ate HFFs "when they were healthy" (52.2%) and experienced some effect through HFF use (45.8%). Most users of HFFs received information on HFFs through their families or relatives (38.1%) and most purchased HFFs at the pharmacy or oriental medicine clinic (44.8%). HFF users preferred multivitamin- and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin and mineral supplements belonged to HFFs. The above results show that HFF use is widely spread among subjects, and that use of HFF is influenced by various factors. Thus, practical guidelines for HFF use should be provided for the elderly through elderly focused-nutrition education based upon significant variables and consumption behaviors for their HFF use of present study.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.11-35
• /
• 2001

Many teachers report familiarity with and adherence to reform ideas, but their actual teaching practices do not reflect a deep understanding of reform. Given the challenges in implementing reform, this study intended to explore the breakdown that may occur between teachers' adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals. To this end, this study compared and contrasted the classroom social norms and sociomathematical norms of two United States second-grade teachers who aspired to implement reform. This study is an exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study. This study uses the grounded theory methodology based on the constant comparative analysis for which the primary data sources were classroom video recordings and transcripts. The two classrooms established similar social norms including an open and permissive learning environment, stressing group cooperation, employing enjoyable activity formats for students, and orchestrating individual or small group session followed by whole group discussion. Despite these similar social participation structures, the two classes were remarkably different in terms of sociomathematical norms. In one class, the students were involved in mathematical processes by which being accurate or automatic was evaluated as a more important contribution to the classroom community than being insightful or creative. In the other class, the students were continually engaged in significant mathematical processes by which they could develop an appreciation of characteristically mathematical ways of thinking, communi-eating, arguing, proving, and valuing. It was apparent from this study that sociomathematical norms are an important construct reflecting the quality of students' mathematical engagement and anticipating their conceptual learning opportunities. A re-theorization of sociomathematical norms was offered so as to highlight the importance of this construct in the analysis of reform-oriented classrooms.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2003

This study suggest the development and application of the Interactive Design Toolkit as a participatory design method for general customer who are non-expert on design activity to participate in design process of mass customization. In order to let general customers to express their design needs, we have to make a familiar and direct communication method for them. And, customer's design needs should be transformed into digital media. This study define the Interactive Design Toolkit as a design tool for customer participation by direct manipulation of computer system for simulation of design needs by customer themselves. The Interactive Design Toolkit is based on a PC-based image perception system and its application. User can make virtual models in virtual space by manipulating physical objects in real world. And, The toolkit can be used in the field of participatory design for deliverer side customization, especially in system kitchen which is manufactured and distributed in modular system. More improved design toolkit for manipulating 3 dimensional shape is needed for consumer product design and car styling.

• CRM연구
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 2009

This research focused on the moderating role of the influence an expectation exerts on a performance by a regional festival and the experience to get visitor's feeling and satisfaction. A survey design was used for the last analysis targeted for the respondent who experienced an experience directly targeted for the regional where a regional festival is promoted actively targeted for the visitor. Results are show a positive influence on the expectation exerts on a performance of festival. In addition, it was confirmed that festival experience activity the role important to feeling and satisfaction of a visitor. We suggest, therefore, that it has to raise the efficiency of the strengthening of an experience program to raise an performance of festival participants and the festival manage to draw out the various feeling formation and satisfaction through participation customers' segmentation.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.107-128
• /
• 2000

Many Countries in the world are struggling to foster the industry of international convention while attracting various international convention on the politics, economy society, culture, religion and sports. The needs of international conventiones are increasing now becourse of the expansion of international visitors exchanges and it affect on the promotion of national economy development of tour industry internal and overseas public relation of the countries. The important point in this situation is to make a consensus between public organization in eluding goverment related civil industry and academic society and set up and process the long term and short-term strategy basis on the consensus. First related facilities should be enlarged and inproved and maketing activities to hold the conventions that are propec to their facilities should be fostered. Second it is imporment to try to hold the international convention through in troducing our related abilities and facilies if the world and through Positive public realations and marketing activities in the world. Third to perform the inducde international conventions successfully the gualities of related personnel should be improved and the experts such as conventions Planner and simultaneous interprefec should be nurtured. Fourth related enterpries should be supported step by step by goverment level to foster their activifies on holding and operating the international conventions. Fifth the tourism effect can b promoted by harmonizing the tourism and international convention through building large scale convention centers in the cities. Therefore to develop the international conventions industry more positively and effectively publicity work and activity to hold of the goverment posifive and creative effort of related enterprise and people's active participation are all needed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.516-523
• /
• 2008

Recently, the Web has been constructed based on collective intel1igence and growing up quickly. User created contents have been made the mainstream in this environments. So it's required to make an efficient technique of searching for the contents. The current searching technique mainly is achieved by key words. Semantic Web based on similarity and relationship of a language and using user tags in web2.0 also have been researched with activity. Generally, the web of the participation architecture has a lot of user created contents, various forms and classification. Therefore, it is necessary to classify and to efficiently search for a lot of user created contents. In this paper, we propose a depth searching technique considering the relationship among the tags that descript user contents. It is expected that the proposed depth searching techniques can reduce the time taken to search for the unwanted contents and the increase the efficiency of the contents searching using a service of suggestion words in tags groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

Recently, the central and local government support various improvement projects on existing public buildings and areas. Improving public use and environment of these areas is adequate because financial condition of local city is not enough to build new infrastructures. As one of the projects, Geochang-Eup(Geochang-Gun, Gyeongnam Province) is selected as the project site since most of the public buildings and areas of the city are located close each other in downtown but not streamlined in function and use nor easily accessible. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of decline in local city and to present strategies to vitalize the city through improving environment of public areas. And we analyzed the problems by discussion with local officer, field investigation on the site and paper survey. The analysis shows that public infrastructures are grouped by function: administration, education, life support, culture, health, etc, but not well-connected, easily accessible, adequately located, various in use nor enough in quantity. This study summarized the problems into five categories: Access&Linkage, Safe&Comfort, Identity&Image, Usage&Activity and Ownership&Management and proposes strategy in three phases. The first phase is to improve functions and design of public places per each area: more consistent design on public buildings, better civil facilities and better accessibility to public areas. The second is to vitalize of the areas and to improve efficiency in use through linking each other physically and sharing uses. The third is to encourage citizen's participation and by developing civil programs to streamline public areas each other.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Korean Standard Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (KCF), a useful tool for a comprehensive consideration of the health-related overall implications, might be also promising way to validate the effectiveness of Korean medicine. This study reports the change of pre- and post-hospitalization using the KCF in a patient with spinal cord infarction who underwent rehabilitation plus Korean medicine treatment. This study aims to apply the KCF to this case, evaluate its applicability, and review its expected benefits and obstacles in the clinical practice of Korean medicine. Methods: The changes in the overall health status of the patient were assessed by the KCF as well as the chief complaints, diagnosis, neurological deficits, and activities of daily living (ADL), impairment scale etc. before and after admission to a Korean medicine hospital were investigated. Results: Most of the chief complaints of the patient were improved enough to perform her daily routine activities independently. These improvements were reflected in the neurological function and ADL scores, but could not change the diagnosis according to the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases nor the impairment scale. The KCF, on the other hand, was able to grasp the changes of the patient in various aspects in terms of body function, body structure, activity and participation, and environmental factors. Conclusions: Through this case, we found the applicability of the KCF in clinical practice of Korean medicine and the possibility that the KCF can be a promising tool to show the effectiveness and benefits of Korean medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.351-357
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate level of functioning in patients with stroke using Modified Bathel Index (MBI), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and ICF core-set for stroke. Methods: Sixty-four patients with stroke were recruited for this study from nine medical institutes. The ICF core-set for stroke, WHODAS 2.0, and MBI were used to collect subjects' functional levels. ICF core-set was employed here as a standard frame to observe multi-dimension of functioning, that is physiological bodily function, activity and participation (AP) in daily life, and current environmental factors (EF) in patients with stroke. WHODAS 2.0 and MBI were also used in order to have a specific functioning level for subjects. The linkage of each item in WHODAS 2.0 and MBI into the ICF core-set for stroke was examined. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analysis of their relationships. Results: Functioning level of participants showed moderate resulting from MBI and WHODAS 2.0 ($73.48{\pm}22.27$ and $35.55{\pm}12.53$, respectively). Strong relationship was observed between ICF core-set and WHODAS 2.0, and with MBI. Each item of disability scales was obtained its linkage into ICF in the domain of AP. However, lack of correlation between MBI and ICF in the domain of EF was found due to absence of related factors. Conclusion: MBI was found to be linked mainly into ICF in the domain of AP and to have limited linkage into EF. Therefore, it should be suggested that the ICF concept frame should be used as a multi-dimensional approach to patients with stroke.