• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

Modern GPU can execute general purpose computation on the graphic processing unit, and provide high performance by exploiting many core on GPU. To run AES algorithm efficiently, parallel computational resources are required. However, computational resource of CPU architecture are not enough to cryptographic algorithm such as AES whereas GPU architecture has mass parallel computation resources. Therefore, this paper reduce the time to execute AES by employing parallel computational resource on GPGPU. Unfortunately, AES cannot utilize computational resource on GPGPU since it isn't suitable to GPGPU architecture. In this paper, IPC based dynamic SM management technique are proposed to efficiently execute AES on GPGPU. IPC based dynamic SM management can increase and decrease the number of active SMs by using IPC in run-time. According to simulation results, proposed technique improve the performance by increasing resource utilization compared to baseline GPGPU architecture. The results show that AES improve the performance by 41.2% on average.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.101-105
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• 1999

Electronic Toll Collection(ETC) System makes the telecommunication possible between the Beacon and the On Board Unit(OBU) in vehicle at the highway. In this paper, the propagation path of microwave is modelled and the induced voltage of receiving antenna is analyzed numerically according to multi-path fading effort. In this modelling, we consider the weather condition, polarization and antenna radiation pattern. Also, we suggest the diversity technique in order to re duce the fading effect. In the result, the lading effort is reduced significantly in case of the vertical polarization at the rain condition. The circular polarization is the most desirable in this application. The antenna which has the high directivity, is also desirable. Using the space diversity technique at the Beaten, the fading effect is reduced as the distance increases between the Beacon and OBU. These results are presented at the graphs whose axes are related to the magnitude of received voltage(dB) and the distance of the beacon and a vehicle.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5773-5778
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• 2011

Results regarding the anti-oxidative, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of lotus leaf and dandelion have been reported through active research on the medical effects of medicine prepared from crude drugs. This paper aimed to examine the anti-bacterial effect of lotus leaf and dandelion extracts on S. mutans by evaluating the colony forming unit and growth curve. In accordance with the growth inhibition rate of S. mutans according to the addition of lotus leaf and dandelion extracts, the higher the extract concentration was, the higher the growth inhibition rate of S. mutans was. This paper therefore verifies that lotus leaf and dandelion extracts have an effect in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2007

Transformed hairy roots were induced from in vitro grown plantlets of Trichosanthes kirilowii by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC15834. Transformed hairy roots exhibited active growth with high branching of roots on plant growth regulators-free medium. Cloned line (TR-03) of hairy root was tested for its growth and extracellular protein accumulation in medium under various culture conditions. Among the culture media tested, a full-strength MS medium had a pronounced effect on root biomass and extracelluar protein accumulation in medium. The maximum root biomass (2.4 g DRW/flask) and extracellular total protein contents $(28.3ug/m\ell)$ in medium was obtained at inoculum size of 2 g (FRW) and in MS medium supplemented with 4% sucrose. In addition, the optimal shaking speed for root growth and extracellular protein accumulation in medium were 100 rpm. The total extracellualr protein concentration reached a maximum of $28.3ug/m\ell$ at 4 weeks and decreased thereafter. Protein translation inhibitory activity was observed in culture broths and reached levels of 21.3 unit. These studies demonstrate that the transformed hairy roots can be utilized for the in vitro production of ribosome-inactivating proteins.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

Recently, there has been active researches about building an artificial intelligence agent that can learn how to play a game by using re-enforcement learning. The performance of the learning can be diverse according to what kinds of deep learning activation functions they used when they train the agent. This paper compares the activation functions when we train our agent for learning how to play a 2D shooting game by using re-enforcement learning. We defined performance metrics to analyze the results and plotted them along a training time. As a result, we found ELU (Exponential Linear Unit) with a parameter 1.0 achieved best rewards than other activation functions. There was 23.6% gap between the best activation function and the worst activation function.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2021

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to explore the performance, nurses' perception, and influencing contexts of intentional rounding (IR), and to identify the factors influencing the performance of IR. Methods: 498 questionnaire responses were collected from clinical nurses with more than six months of work experiences in general wards performing IR in a general hospital. Results: The mean scores of the performance, nurses' perception, and influencing contexts of IR were 3.81(±0.68), 3.46(±0.42), and 3.79(±0.51) out of 5.00, respectively. There were significant differences in performance (F=20.51, p<.001) and nurses' perception (F=4.96, p=.001) based on the work department. There were significant differences in the influencing contexts based on age (F=6.02, p=.003) and the length of clinical experience in the ward (F=3.36, p=.010). Performance and nurses' perception(r=.42, p<.001), performance and influencing contexts (r=.46, p<.001), and nurses' perception and influencing contexts (r=.58, p<.001) showed a statistically positive correlation. Work unit (F=10.45, p<.001), nurses' perception of the benefits to patients (F=-2.46, p=.014) and to nurses (F=4.34, p<.001), and influencing contexts at the individual (F=7.77, p<.001) and department levels (F=2.99, p=.003) were found to be significant factors on the performance of IR. Conclusion: It is necessary to support the education programs and active participation of nurses in their role as leaders to raise their awareness regarding the benefits of IR. Furthermore, there is a need to adapt the IR protocol according to the unique characteristics of each unit and evaluate the effectiveness.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2022

Background: Medical therapy is the standard treatment for uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD), but there is little evidence of the need for intensive care unit (ICU) management. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ICU treatment on uncomplicated ATBAD. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with uncomplicated ATBAD who were medically treated between January 2010 and July 2020. Patients were divided into short-term ICU stay (SIS) and long-term ICU stay (LIS) groups, according to a 48-hour cutoff of ICU stay duration. The incidence of pneumonia and delirium, rate of aortic events, hospital mortality, and survival rate were compared. Results: Fifty-five patients were treated for uncomplicated ATBAD (n=29 for SIS and n=26 for LIS). The incidence of pneumonia (3.6% vs. 7.7%) and delirium (14.3% vs. 34.6%) was higher in the LIS group than in the SIS group, but the differences were not statistically significant. The survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were not different between the two groups (SIS: 96.4%, 92.2%, and 75.5% vs. LIS: 96.2%, 88.0%, and 54.2%, respectively; p=0.102). Multivariate Cox regression analysis for aortic events showed that using a calcium channel blocker lowered the risk of aortic events. Conclusion: Long-term ICU treatment is unlikely to be necessary for the treatment of uncomplicated ATBAD. Active use of antihypertensive agents, such as calcium channel blockers, may be needed during the follow-up period.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.56-70
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the effects of a multifaceted pediatric delirium education program for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses on their delirium knowledge, confidence in delirium nursing, and delirium evaluation accuracy. Methods : This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 50 nurses in two units of the PICU at S General Hospital in Seoul. All participants took a 1-hour lecture with case-based practice for the first two weeks, and received feedback as they applied the program to clinical practice over the next two weeks. Test measures were completed before and after the four week intervention period for all participants. The delirium evaluation accuracy was measured using the Korean version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and paired t-tests. Results : After the Pediatric Delirium Education Program, nurses' delirium knowledge (x²=11.65, p =.001), confidence in delirium nursing (t=9.71, p<.001), and delirium evaluation accuracy (t=6.07, p<.001) improved significantly. Conclusions : Pediatric delirium education programs for PICU nurses were effective. For active application of the program in clinical practice in the future, various cases of childhood delirium and specific strategies for each subject must be developed. To achieve this, long-term intervention and research for multiple organizations are required.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purpose : Sleep disturbances in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are related to health problems after discharge. Therefore, active prevention and management are required. Hence, identification of the factors that affect sleep in patients who are critically ill is necessary. Methods : The PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched. Selection criteria were observational and experimental studies that assessed sleep as an outcome, included adult patients admitted to the ICU, and published between November 2015 and April 2022. Results : A total of 21,136 articles were identified through search engines and manual searches, and 42 articles were selected. From these, 22 influencing factors and 11 interventions were identified. Individual factors included disease severity, age, pain, delirium, comorbidities, alcohol consumption, sex, sleep disturbance before hospitalization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low hemoglobin (Hb), and low respiratory rate (RR). Environmental factors included light level, noise level, and temperature. Furthermore, treatment-related factors included use of sedatives, melatonin administration, sleep management guidelines, ventilator application, nursing treatment, and length of ICU stay. Regarding sleep interventions, massage, eye mask and earplugs, quiet time and multicomponent protocols, aromatherapy, acupressure, sounds of the sea, adaptive intervention, circulation lighting, and single occupation in a room were identified. Conclusion : Based on these results, we propose the development and application of various interventions to improve sleep quality in patients who are critically ill.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.160-170
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• 2016

The increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has raised the interest in alternative antimicrobial treatments. In our study, the functionally active gram-negative bacterium bacteriophage CP933 endolysin was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by a combination of transient expression and vacuole targeting strategies, and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. Expression of the cp933 gene in E. coli led to growth inhibition and lysis of the host cells or production of trace amounts of CP933. Cytoplasmic expression of the cp933 gene in plants using Potato virus X-based transient expression vectors (pP2C2S and pGR107) resulted in death of the apical portion of experimental plants. To protect plants against the toxic effects of the CP933 protein, the cp933 coding region was fused at its Nterminus to an N-terminal signal peptide from the potato proteinase inhibitor I to direct CP933 to the delta-type vacuoles. Plants producing the CP933 fusion protein did not exhibit the severe toxic effects seen with the unfused protein and the level of expression was 0.16 mg/g of plant tissue. Antimicrobial assays revealed that, in contrast to gram-negative bacterium E. coli (BL21(DE3)), the gram-positive plant pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis was more susceptible to the plant-produced CP933, showing 18% growth inhibition. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the combination of transient expression and protein targeting to the delta vacuoles is a promising approach to produce functionally active proteins that exhibit toxicity when expressed in plant cells.