• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.12 s.214
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a comprehensive program for improving obese children's living habits such as wearing clothing and eating, and their self-esteem. Thirteen obese elementary school children, six boys and seven girls in the 4th to 6th grade, voluntarily participated in a ten-week intervention program. During the program, the obese children filled out a checklist consisted of daily ambient temperature inside the house, weight of clothing, meal diary, time taken for physical exercise, time taken for watching TV, etc. After carrying out the program, its effect was testified and evaluated. Percent body fat of the children measured using a body composition analyzer was reduced by $1.9\%$ after the program (p<.01). Wearing behavior of clothing was positively changed in view of the high correlation between ambient temperature and clothing weight (r=-.917, p<.01). Ability of dietary self control was improved and eating time was lengthened. Self-esteem was improved in global self-worth, athletic competence, and behavior/conduct. It was suggested that active interest of the family would be helpful and that an intervention program over longer than ten week would be necessary to improve childhood obesity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2010

We reported previously that the administration of Korean red ginseng water extract (KRG-WE) protected the guinea pig testis against damage induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (a potent endocrine disruptor). We also found that crude saponin from ginseng was the active ingredient responsible for this protection. Here, we examined the biological role of KRG-WE in an animal model of age-induced dysfunction of spermatogenesis. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (six 2-month-old and eighteen 12-month-old) rats were used. The young and old control groups received only vehicle. The ginseng saponin (GS)- and KRG-WE-treated groups received GS (40 mg/kg body weight/day) and KRG-WE (200 mg/kg body weight/day), respectively, for 4 months. The number of cells, Sertoli cell index, Johnsen's score, and sex hormone levels decreased significantly with age. However, the administration of KRG-WE and GS markedly improved the number of germ cells, seminiferous tubular size, and Johnsen's score in the old rats. Ginseng produced a distinct testicular histological improvement in old rats. KRG-WE and GS elevated testosterone levels, while attenuating the aberrant increase in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. Sperm kinematics evaluated by a computer-assisted sperm analyzer demonstrated improvement in the percentage of motile sperm, progressive sperm motility, and curvilinear velocity associated with sperm quality, supporting the beneficial role of red ginseng in senile spermatogenesis. Overall, the total water extract had a more potent effect than the corresponding saponin fraction. In conclusion, Korean red ginseng rejuvenated age-induced testicular dysfunction. Additionally, the total water extract was more potent than the corresponding saponin fraction.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.171-177
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• 2003

Previously we have reported that administration of Korean red ginseng water extract (KRG-WE) plays both preventive and therapeutic roles in testicular toxicity of guinea pigs exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Further study was carried out to verify the beneficial role of Korean red ginseng in TCDD-induced testicular toxicity with different animal species by different route of administration. Korean red ginseng crude saponin (KRG-CS) was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography. One hundred twenty rats (Sprauge Dawley, 200${\pm}$10 g) were divided into 6 groups. The normal control group (NC) received vehicle (i.p.) and saline (p.o.). Predetermined dosage of TCDD (40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg b.w., i.p.) was administered to single TCDD-treated (TT) and test (CS) groups. KRG-CS was admin-istered (p.o.) at daily doses of 5 (CS5), 10 (CS10),20 (CS2O) and/or 40 mg/kg b.w. (CS40) for 5 weeks, starting 1 week before the TCDD-exposure. Body weight gain, organ weights, and sperm quality were investigated. Decrease in body weight gain induced by TCDD was greatly attenuated by KRG-CS in a dose-dependent manner. Testicular weight, sperm head counts and ratio of sperm with progressive movement in TT group decreased significantly but those parameters were improved by the treatment of KRG-CS in a dose-dependent manner. This result led us to conclude that crude saponin might be the active ingredient of Korean red ginseng that attenuates the testicular toxicity induced by TCDD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.626-632
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• 2004

Of hot- water extracts prepared from 30 kinds of herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus (75.6% inhibition of control), Atractylodes macrocephale (71.3%), Panax ginseng (70.0%), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (66.3%) and Angelica acutiloba (63.1%) showed the potent tumor metastasis inhibition activity against colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma at 2.5 mg/kg body weight, whereas the other extracts had a little activity, except for Pueraria thunbergiana (58.6%) and C. leticulata (54.9%) having the intermediate activity. We also found that Citrus leticulata (1.80-fold of control), A. macrocephale (1.73-fold), A. senticosus and G. uralensis (1.64-fold) enhanced on Peyer's patch cells mediated-hematopoietic response at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. In addition, these active herbal medicines were prepared into steam distillates to improve the food rheology as beverage, and to remove the inactive components. Among these steam distillates, A. macrocephale, G. uralensis and A. senticosus showed the significant tumor metastasis inhibition activity at 2.5 mg/kg body weight (58.7%, 50.3% and 41.9%, respectively), and A. macrocephale had the potent activity even at 0,25 mg/kg body weight (49.7%). In treatments of steam distillates with Peyer's patch cells, A. macrocephale and A. senticosus significantly increased the bone marrow cell proliferation even at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL (1.49- and 1.28-fold of control). Although steam distillates had lower activity than hot-water extracts, herbal medicines, such as A. macrocephale and A. senticosus, showed the high immunostimulating activity in hot-water extracts as well as steam distillates. Therefore, these results assumed the possibility that steam distillates from herbal medicines might be utilized to food industry for beverage.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2003

We performed this study to determine the late biological effect of gamma radiation and effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, on radiation-induced late biological effect (survival, hematological change, carcinogenesis) of mice irradiated with 3 Gy of gamma-radiation. There were little difference in body weights between normal and irradiated mice. Survival rate were decreased in irradiated mice and the survival rate and mean survival time of the groups treated with BZYQT were far better than the irradiation control group. A significant elevation of total leukocyte or lymphocyte counts was seen at week 4 and 12 of the group treated with BZYQT. Stimulated recovery by the extract from BZYQT was also observed in thrombocyte. Main gross findings of irradiated mice were appeared as enlargement of spleen, thymus and liver, tumorous nodules of lung and cyst or mass of ovary. Microscopically, there were various findings including hematopoietic and lymphoid tumor, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and cancer of other lesions. BZYQT reduced the incidence of tumor development. Further studies are needed to characterize better the protective nature of ingredients and active compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

Biped robot requires that an energy source and a control part should be installed on the body to realize active system. So, we choose the DC motor having high torque in compact size in this study. In the DC motor serve system, we choose power amplifier with analog configuration, developed the module combined the controller and the driver. We applied this module to robot actuator and studied the response characteristics in an action and a return. Main controller with serve system, loading PIC micro controller, can be load on the robot with light weight.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.901-906
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• 2013

We examined the availability of the lacZ gene (${\beta}$-galactosidase gene) as a reporter of foreign gene transfer in the cysts of Artemia franciscana (A. franciscana) to conduct a risk assessment of living genetically modified organisms (LMOs) in the marine ecosystem. The LacZ gene was transferred to decapsulated cysts by particle bombardment, and its insertion and expression were assessed by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and X-gal staining. X-gal staining indicated lacZ expression in all A. franciscana examined (including the control group), which exhibited not only negative but also positive PCR amplification. Endogenous ${\beta}$-galactosidase is highly active in the whole body of A. franciscana during all stages of the life cycle. Thus, the lacZ gene is unsuitable as a reporter for foreign gene transfer in A. franciscana cysts, because it is difficult to discriminate between exogenous and endogenous ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.349-361
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• 2018

Purpose: This ethnography was performed to explore patterns and meanings of healthy life among aged women using senior centers. Methods: The informants were 21 individuals aged 65 years and older at 2 community-based senior centers. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork through in-depth interviews and participant observations and analyzed using text analysis and taxonomic methods developed by Spradley. Field notes were used with follow-up interviews and dialogue between authors to enhance interpretation. Results: Patterns of healthy life among aged women using senior centers were categorized by age groups within the context of the four cultural elements of taking care of the body, relationality, temporality, and spatiality: active and passive control, maintenance of interdependence and individuality, expansion and maintenance of the daily routine, unity of peer relations and sustenance of family relations, spending time productively and tediously, and complementary and alternative space of the family relations. Conclusion: The informants in this study demonstrated healthy life by maintaining and strengthening continuous relationships developed in the senior centers without being isolated from the family and society. Patterns of their healthy life differed across age groups within the socio-cultural context. Therefore, interventions should be tailored to address age groups and community needs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Red Ginseng Saponins on 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicities in guinea pigs ($200{\pm}10$ g). Normal control (NC) group guinea pigs ($200{\pm}10$ g) received vehicle and saline, while the TCDD-treated (TT) group was given water-extract (WE), saponin fraction (SF) and non-saponin fraction (NSF). Korean red ginseng fractions were administered from 1 week before TCDD-exposure for 4 weeks. Body weight loss and deteriorated clinical parameters related to sugar metabolism and liver function such as lipase and AST, respectively, these were significantly reduced by both saponin and non-saponin fractions. However, increase of lipase was attenuated by the saponin fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Only AST was affected by the saponin fraction. The results suggest that saponins are active substances in the Korean red ginseng water extract against TCDD induced toxicities in Guinea pigs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.184-190
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• 2001

Industrial structure is more developed, the economical value of human resources and the cases which risks worker's Health & Safety is expended. The Safety & Health issues are focused on elements of control for management activity simultaneously with work environment as well as the risk elements which risks worker's life and body. The activity for combination of basic management System and Safety & Health management is progressing with active discussion in ILO, BS 8800 is specified the guidance of Occupational Safety & Health Management System in UK. 1996. This research refers to BS 8800:1996, specification as a basic model, and introduce of the result of certification development result in Occupational Safety & Health management System with in ISO 14001 Environmental System Standards & ISO 9001 Quality Management System Standards and Systemic Factors. Through this applicability and efficiency evaluation, we make an effort to support and to improve the specification. Also applicability evaluation of Occupational Safety & Health management System and the specification developed for the purpose of the third party certification is applied with expending in industry, and the method is presented through the case which is required to support for method review and activities.