• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1984

미역에서의 알진산 추출조건과 그 추출잔사의 아미노산 조성을 검토하였다. 알진산의 추출에 있어서는 시료중량의 60배량의 1.0% $Na_{2}CO_{3}$용액을 추출제로 사용하여 $80^{\circ}C$에서 추출하는 것이 가장 수율이 높았으며, 추출시간은 3시간 이상이 적합하였다. 또한 알진용액에서 알진산겔을 석출하는 과정에서 용액의 pH를 2.0으로 조절할 때 가장 수율이 높았으며, 이때 석출제로서 10% $H_{2}SO_{4}$를 사용할 경우가 10% HCl의 경우보다 높은 수율을 보였다. 알진용액을 분리한 후 잔유되는 추출잔사의 성분을 분석한 결과 조단백질이 51.5%(건물기준)였으며, 아미노산 조성에 있어서는 제한아미노산이 lysine으로서 단백가는 41.5였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1116-1123
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• 2020

Velvet antler (VA) is a historically traditional medicinal supplement and is well known in Asian countries for its pharmaceutical and health benefits. The objectives for this study were to optimize the hot water extraction (HWE) of VA for the Korean VA industry, and to determine the most effective pretreatment method among microwave (MW), ultrasonication (US), and enzymatic (EZ) techniques. Using response surface methodology, optimum extraction temperatures and times were determined by central composite design configuration based on extraction yield and sialic acid content. Various quality parameters of VA extract including yield, soluble solid, protein, and sialic acid contents were also compared with the conjunction of HWE and pretreatment. The yield and sialic acid content of VA extract were determined to be 40% and 0.73 mg/g, respectively, under an optimum temperature of 100℃ at 24 h of extraction time. The yields from VA extracts pretreated with MW, US, and EZ were 17.42%, 19.73%, and 29.15%, respectively. Among the tested commercial enzymes, pepsin was the most effective proteolytic enzyme and led to the highest yield (47.65%), soluble solids (4.03 °brix), protein (1.12 mg/ml), and sialic acid (3.04 mg/ml) contents from VA extract.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1994

회분식 추출기를 이용하여 구연산-초산 혼합수용액-n-butylacetate계에서 2급 아민 추출제인 DITDA와 용매화 추출제인 MOHPO를 이용 추출시 물질전달계수에 미치는 교반속도의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 실험결과 본 추출장치에서 교반속도가 커질수록 추출도는 증가하였고, 교반속도가 200rpm, 교반시간 30분 정도가 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 또한 구연산-초산 혼합수용액에서 추출제로 2급 아민인 DITDA을 사용했을 경우 추출도가 더 높았다. 물질전달계수는 추출도와 비례함을 알았고, 구연산을 DITDA로 추출시 추잔상측 물질전달계수와 Re수와는 $K_r=1.254{\times}10^{-3}Re^{0.536}$이었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Chaenomeles sinensis as a content of protocatechuic acid and physiological activities. The analyzed the content of protocatechuic acid of Chaenomeles sinensis water extract (CSW) according to different extract temperature and time for extraction. It was analyzed as 0.14±0.00 mg/g in the extract at 100℃ for 3 h. Protocatechuic acid content increased as extraction time and temperature increased. The activity of the CSW at 100℃ for 3 h was measured. As a result of measuring DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and SOD activity, antioxidant activity was found and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Cell viability was shown for RAW 264.7 cells, and NO (nitric oxide) production was also inhibited. Finally, content of protocatechuic acid increased with increasing extraction time and extraction temperature, and exhibited antioxidant activity, inhibition of NO production, and anti-diabetic activity. It is believed that the Chaenomeles sinensis is likely to be developed as a functional material.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 1991

Systematic study on the extraction of ion pair by the use of picric acid (PCA) as an ion pair forming reagent to the aliphatic amines has not be done by spectrophotometric method. The extraction of ion pair by the use of PCA and 23 kinds of the aliphatic amines was examined. The procedure is as follows; Elving's buffer solution (pH 1.3~10, ionic strength 0.5) each amine solution, and PCA solution were taken into a test tube. The mixture was shaken mechanically with chlorform. The organic phase was filtered through a filter paper to remove water droplets. The absorbance was examined at $\lambda_{max}$ against a reagent blank. Primary and secondary whose carbon number were more than 7 or 6, respectively, are extractable as ion pairs with PCA, while tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts are also extractable without the correlation of carbon number. It was considered that the ion pair extraction of primary and secondary amines was affected by the number of carbon of amines, but its extraction of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium salts was affected by kind of aliphatic amines rather than pKa values or carbon number of amines.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1993

A spectrophotomertic method is proposed for the determination of antihistamines. The method is based on solvent extraction of the ion pair formed between antihistamines and colored picric acid into chloroform. The binding state of antihistamines-picric acid complexes were presumed by IR and $^{1}$H-NMR spectra as intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This method was applicable to the determination of antihistamines in the pharamaceutical preparations.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

용매추출법에서 희토류 금속을 효과적으로 분리하기 위해 추출제만 사용하는 것이 아니라 crown ether와 같은 첨가제를 이용하는 연구를 하였다. Host-guest 화합물인 macrocyclic ligand는 금속과 착화물을 형성하는데, 이 때 crown ether의 cavity 크기와 비슷한 크기의 금속 이온들과 안정한 착화물을 형성한다. 이전 연구에서 europium과 yttrium을 분리하기 위해 여러 사슬 길이의 지방산 추출제를 이용한 추출실험을 행하였었다. 이를 토대로 분리효율이 좋지 않았던 hexanoic acid에 크기가 다른 crown ether (18-crown-6 ether, 15-crown-5 ether, 12-crown-4 ether)를 첨가하여 분리효과가 증가하는 것을 연구하였다. hexanoic acid의 농도별로 분리효율을 본 후 가장 분리 효율이 좋은 농도에서 crown ether를 종류와 농도를 다르게 하여 첨가하였다. 그 결과 0.05 M hexanoic acid에서 분리능이 1.72으로 가장 높게 나타났고, crown ether를 첨가하였을 시 분리능이 0.002 M 15-crown-5 ether에서 가장 높게 나왔으며 기존의 분리능보다 2배 이상 더 높았다. 또한 crown ether를 첨가하였을 때 두 금속이 $MLR_3{\cdot}3RH$의 형태로 추출되는 것도 확인 할 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2004

Woody plant tissues contain great amounts of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. These substances inhibit the activation of reverse transcriptase and/or Taq polymerase in RT-PCR. The commonly used multiple-step protocols using several additives to diminish polyphenolic compounds during nucleic acid extraction are time consuming and laborious. In this study, sodium sulfite was evaluated as an additive for nucleic acid extraction from woody plants and the efficiency of RT-PCR assay of commercial nucleic acid extraction kits and small-scale dsRNA extraction was compared. Sodium sulfite was used as an inhibitor against polyphenolic oxidases and its effects were compared in RNA extraction by commercial extraction kit and small-scale double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction method for RT-PCR. During nucleic acid extraction, addition of 0.5%-1.5%(w/v) of sodium sulfite to lysis buffer or STE buffer resulted in lighter browning by oxidation than extracts without sodium sulfite and improved the RT-PCR detection. When commercial RNA extraction kit was used, optimal concentrations of sodium sulfite were variable according to the tested plant. However, with dsRNA as RT-PCR template, sodium sulfite 1.5% in STE buffer improved the detection efficiency of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) in fruit trees, and reduced the unspecific amplifications signi-ficantly. Furthermore, when viruses existed at low titers in host plant, small-scale dsRNA extractions were very reliable.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.870-877
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• 2018

Cyanex 272 shows the highest separation factor for the rare earth elements from hydrochloric acid solution among the organophosporus acidic extractants, D2EHPA and PC 88A. Solvent extraction of Tb(III) from weak hydrochloric acid solution with an initial pH 3 to 6 was compared with Cyanex 272, its mixture with Alamine 336, and ionic liquid with Aliquat 336. The solvent extraction reaction of Tb(III) using Cyanex 272 was the same as that of light rare earth elements. Synergism was observed for the extraction of Tb(III) by the mixture with Alamine 336 when the initial concentration ratio of Cyanex 272 to Alamine 336 was higher than 5. Use of the ionic liquid led to a great increase in the extraction percentage of Tb(III) from the same initial extraction conditions. While the equilibrium pH of the mixture was always lower than the initial pH, under some conditions extraction with the ionic liquid resulted in a higher equilibrium pH than the initial pH. The loading capacity of the mixture and the ionic liquid was the same and 2.6 times larger than that using Cyanex 272 alone. Ionic liquid was recommended as a suitable extractant for the extraction of Tb(III) from hydrochloric acid solution based on the ease of handling and higher extraction percentage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 1990

건조오정어의 추요 유기산생분올 조사하고 이들 성분의 추출용매와 추출시간에 따른 함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 건조오징어의 주요 유기산 성분은 lactic acid, pyroglutamic acid, succinic acid 및 citric acid였고 이들중 lactic acid와 pyrogluta­-mic acid가 전체 유기산의 85% 이상을 차지 하였다. 물로써 추출했을 때 추출 2시간에 310.1mg%로 가장 높았고 70% 에탄올로 추출했을 때 동일 추출시간에서 347.6mg%로 까장 높게 냐타났으며 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향올 보였다. 한편 추출시간의 경과에 따라 천채척언 유기산의 총량은 다소 차이가 있었으나 개별 유기산의 조성비는 큰 차이가 없었다.