• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
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• pp.343-346
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• 2003

A systematic study of Cu CMP in terms of the effect of slurry chemicals(oxidizer, corrosion inhibitor, complexing agent) on the process characteristics has been performed. In acidic media, a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole(BTA) and tolytriazol(TTA) was used to control the removal rate and avoid isotropic etching. When complexing agent is added with $H_2O_2$ 2wt% in the slurry, a corrosion rate was presented very good. Most of in, it was appeared that BTA is possible to be replaced by TTA. The tartaric acid was distinguished for the effect among complexing agents. n we apply this results to copper CMP process, it is thought that we will be able to obtain better yield.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2003

Copper CMP in terms of the effect of slurry chemicals (oxidizer, corrosion inhibitor, complexing agent) on the process characteristics has been performed. Corrosion inhibitors, benzotriazole (BTA) and tolytriazol (TTA) were used to control the removal rate and avoid isotropic etching. When complexing agent is added with H$_2$O$_2$ 2 wt% in the slurry, the corrosion rate was presented very well. In the case of complexing agent, it was estimated that the proper concentration is 1 wt%, because the addition of tartaric acid to alumina slurry causes low pH and the slurry dispersion stability become unstable. There was not much change of the removal rate. It was assumed that BTA 0.05 wt% is suitable. Most of all, it was appeared that BTA is possible to be replaced by TTA. TTA was distinguished for the effect among complexing agents.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.635-641
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• 1996

This study was designed to evaluate the anti cariogenic effect of F in primers, bonding agents, composite resins or glass ionomer cements in enamel. Twenty-five extracted teeth were selected and a cavity was prepared on either the buccal or the lingual surface of each tooth. After pumicing and etching, the samples were divided into 5 groups. In group A, the samples were primed, bonded and filled with ART bond and Brilliant Enamel (Coltene, Switzerland). Group B composed of Optibond and Herculited XRV (Kerr, USA), group C composed of Syntac and Tetric(Vivadent, Lichtenstein), and group D composed of Scotch-bond Multipurpose and Z 100 (3M, YSA). In group E, the samples were filled with glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC, Japan), All surfaces except the 2mm beyond the cavosurface margin of the sample were protected, and samples were then put into an acid buffer for 3 days to develop the initial caries. The samples were then sectioned through the filling body into thin wafers and then examined with a polarizing microscope under water imbibition. The fluoride in primer, bonding agent, or composite filling material did not prevent the initial caries in the enamel area adjacent to the filling body whereas the fluoride in the glass ionomer did prevent the initial stage caries.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2022

치과에서 사용하는 재료들의 물성의 발달로 인하여 브라켓과 치아 사이의 결합 능력도 크게 향상되었다. 그러나 소아치과 영역에서와 같이 환자의 협조를 기대하기 어렵거나, 수분 격리가 제대로 이루어지지 않을 경우 기대하는 효과에 미치지 못하는 결합강도를 보여 줄 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 세 가지의 접착 술식을 비교하여 브라켓의 전단 접착 강도를 평가하고, 임상적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하는지 비교하는 것이다. 우식증이나 수복물이 없는 상, 하악 소구치 60개 치아를 대상으로 하였다. Group I은 대조군으로서 기존의 3 step 접착 방식에 따라 브라켓을 부착하였고, Group II는 self-etching primer system을 이용하여 부착하였다. Group III는 self-priming adhesive를 이용하여 브라켓을 부착하였다. 각 group의 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 접착제 잔류지수(ARI)를 기록하였다. 각 group I, II, III의 평균 전단 결합 강도는 14.69 MPa, 11.21 MPa 그리고 12.21 MPa로 측정되었다. Group I과 II, group I과 III에서만 유의한 차이가 존재하였으며(p < 0.05), ARI 값은 모든 group에서 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2015

Objectives: This study determined the effect of the air-stream application time and the bonding technique on the dentin bond strength of adhesives with different solvents. Furthermore, the content and volatilization rate of the solvents contained in the adhesives were also evaluated. Materials and Methods:Three adhesive systems with different solvents (Stae, SDI, acetone; XP Bond, Dentsply De Trey, butanol; Ambar, FGM, ethanol) were evaluated. The concentrations and evaporation rates of each adhesive were measured using an analytical balance. After acid-etching and rinsing, medium occlusal dentin surfaces of human molars were kept moist (conventional) or were treated with 10% sodium hypochlorite for deproteinization. After applying adhesives over the dentin, slight air-stream was applied for 10, 30 or 60 sec. Composite cylinders were built up and submitted to shear testing. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Stae showed the highest solvent content and Ambar the lowest. Acetone presented the highest evaporation rate, followed by butanol. Shear bond strengths were significantly affected only by the factors of 'adhesive' and 'bonding technique' (p < 0.05), while the factor 'duration of air-stream' was not significant. Deproteinization of dentin increased the bond strength (p < 0.05). Stae showed the lowest bond strength values (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between XP Bond and Ambar. Conclusions: Despite the differences in content and evaporation rate of the solvents, the duration of air-stream application did not affect the bond strength to dentin irrespective of the bonding technique.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

텍스쳐링에 의해 실리콘 웨이퍼의 표면반사율을 감소시키는 것은 실리콘 태양전지의 효율향상을 위해 매우 중요한 공정이다. 본 연구에서는 에칭속도 제어를 위해 촉매제를 포함한 산 용액으로 텍스쳐링 처리한 웨이퍼의 표면효과와 그 태양전지 특성을 평가 고찰하였다. 텍스쳐링 전 $HNO_3-H_2O_2-H_2O$ 용액의 전처리는 표면반사율의 초기 저감효과를 가져왔다. 이는 산화특성에 의해 유기 불순물이 제거되고 텍스쳐링을 위한 핵의 생성에 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 이후 공정에서 불산/질산 용액에 인산 및 초산과 같은 완충제를 첨가한 혼합용액을 제조하고, 적정 농도 조합과 그 처리시간의 최적화를 통해 개선된 텍스쳐링 효과를 얻을 수 있었으며 이 효과는 표면반사율 감소를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 이렇게 제조된 실리콘 웨이퍼에 반사방지막 코팅 후 태양전지를 제작하여 그 변환효율을 측정한 결과 16.4%의 양호한 특성을 나타냈다. 이는 개선된 텍스쳐링 처리에 의해 저감된 표면특성에 의한 단락전류의 증가에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.561-578
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• 1999

The goal of periodontal therapy is the periodontal regeneration by the removal of microorganisms and their toxic products from the periodontally diseased root surface. To achieve periodontal regeneration, root conditioning as an adjunct to root planing has been done. There are low pH etchants such as citric acid, tetracycline-HCl, and EDTA solution which is a neutral chelating agent. The purpose of present study was to examine the effect of root conditioning by citric acid, tetracycline HCl, and EDTA. Total 35 root specimens(6${\times}$3${\times}$2mm) were prepared from the periodontally diseased teeth, scaled and root planed. The specimens were treated with normal saline for 1 minute, saturated citric acid(pH 1) for 3 minutes, 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCl(pH 2) for 5 minutes, 15% EDTA(pH 7) for 5 minutes using rubbing technique. The specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy at 1000, and 3000 magnification. On the microphotographs taken at 1000 magnification, the numbers of opened and patent dentinal tubules per unit area(10,640${\mu}m^2$) were counted. And the diameters of opened dentinal tubules per unit are (10,640${\mu}m^2$) were measured. The differences of number and diameter among all groups were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis Test. The results were as follows; 1. In the specimens applied with normal saline(control group), the root surface was finely cracked, and was covered by irregular smear layer. Neither exposed dentinal tubules nor any patent dentinal tubules could be seen. 2. In the specimens applied with saturated citric acid(experimental 1 group), the globular collagen fibers were exposed around the peritubular space, and many dentinal tubules were revealed. 3. In the specimens applied with tetracycline-HCl(experimental 2 group), the process-like collagen fibers were exposed around the peritubular space, and some dentinal tubules were revealed. 4. In the specimens applied with 15% EDTA(experimental 3 group), the root surface was covered by the collagenous fibrillar network, and many dentinal tubules were revealed. 5. The numbers of opened and patent dentinal tubules were significantly more in exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group than in exp. 2 group(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group. In control group, the number of opened and patent dentinal tubules could not be counted because any dentinal tubules couldn't be seen. 6 . The diameter of opened dentinal tubules was significantly smaller in exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group than in exp. 2 group(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group. In control group, the diameter of opened dentinal tubules could not be measured because any dentinal tubules couldn't be seen. The results demonstrate that root conditioning with citric acid, tetracycline- HCl, and EDTA is more effective in periodontal healing than only root planing, and 15% EDTA solution can replace low pH etching agents such as citric acid, tetracycline-HCl for root conditioning.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.426-437
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• 2005

Statement of problem : Although zirconium oxide ceramics are more and more commonly used in restorative dentistry, for many clinical applications only limited data can be found in the literature. However it is quite clear that hydrofluoric acid etching is impossible with zirconia ceramics. Therefore, other bonding techniques are required in order to lute these materials adhesively. Purpose : The purpose or this study was to evaluate the effects of surface treatments on shear bond strengths between two resin cements and a zirconia ceramic. Materials and methods : Experimental industrially manufactured yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia ceramic discs (Adens, Korea) were used for this study. The ceramic specimens divided into five experimental groups and a control group (as received). Five surface treatments were studied 1) sandblasting with 110$\mu$m $Al_2O_3$ at 3 bars pressure 13 seconds at a distance of 10 mm, 2) flame-treated with the Silano-Pen for 5 $s/cm^3$, 3) grinding with a diamond bur. 4) sandblasting + Silano-Pen treatment, 5) diamond bur preparation + Silano-Pen treatment. Acrylic plastic tube (5 mm in height and 3 mm in diameter) were filled with composite to fabricate composite cylinders The composite cylinders were bonded to the ceramic specimens with either Superbond C&B or Panavia F resin luting agents. All cemented specimens were tested under shear loading until fracture on universal testing machine at a crosshead speed 1mm/min; the maximum load at fracture was recorded. Sheat bond strength data were analyzed with oneway analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (P<.05). Treated ceramic surfaces and fracture surfaces after shear testing were examined morphologically using scanning electron microscope. Results: Ceramic surface treatment with Silano-Pen after sandblasting improved the bond strength of Superbond C&B resin cement. Supevbond C& B resin cement at Silano-Pen aiker sandblasting($27.4{\pm}3.8MPa$) showed statistically higher shear bond strength than the others. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, Superbond C& &B resin cement are suitable for cementation of zirconia ceramics and flame-treated with the Silano-Pen after sandblasting is required to enhance the bond strength.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2002

IPS Empress 2의 산 부식 후 표면 처리재와 레진 시멘트 종류에 따른 전단 결합 강도를 비교 분석하기 위해서 실란 처리, 실리카 코팅 그리고 Targis link 처리군으로 분류하고 Panavia F, Variolink II와 Rely-X ARC 레진 시멘트 세종류를 이용해서 9개군에 각 군당 30개의 시편을 제작하였다. 그리고 구강환경에서의 변화를 알아보기 위해서 구강환경과 유사한 조건으로 $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 24시간 수중침지, $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 5주간 수중 침지, 그리고 5주간 수중침지 중 매주 2000회씩 10,000회의 열 순환을 한 다음 각 시편의 전단결합강도를 측정하고 파절면을 주사 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 표면처리에 따른 전단결합강도는 모든 군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 실란 처리, 실리카 코팅, 그리고 Targis link의 순으로 유의한 결합력의 감소를 보였다(p<0.001). 2. 레진 시멘트의 종류에 따른 차이를 비교한 결과에서 Targis link 도포한 군만 제외하고 나머지 군에서는 레진 시멘트의 종류에 따른 결합강도의 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 수중 침지 시간에 따른 전단 결합강도는 모든 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았지만 실란을 처리 후 Panavia를 사용한 군, 실리카 코팅 처리 후 Variolink를 사용한 군, Targis link 처리 후 Rely-X ARC와 Variolink를 사용한 군에서는 결합력의 감소를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 4. 열 순환 시행시에는 실란과 실리카 코팅 처리후 Rely-X ARC를 사용한 군과 실리카 코팅 처리후 Panavia F를 사용한 군만 제외하고 나머지는 유의한 결합력의 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 5. 파절 시험 후 시편에 대한 주사 전자 현미경 관찰결과 모든 군에서 복합성 파절 양상을 보였다.