• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2023

연구목적: 건설공사 발주처 중 공공기관의 안전관리 현황을 파악하여 문제점을 발굴하고 개선안을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법:전체 건설공사 대비 공공기관의 재해 현황을 비교하여 재해 발생률이 높은 공공기관의 안전 활동 수준 평가 결과와 실제 컨설팅했던 결과를 바탕으로 분석해보았다. 연구결과: 공공기관의 안전관리 현황을 비교분석을 해본 결과 재해율이 높은 공공기관의 안전관리 현황 및 문제점은 유사하게 발굴되었다. 안전관리 조직, 안전관리 체계, 위험성평가 활동에 대해 조직의 규모 및 특성을 반영하지 않은 채 운영하고 있으므로 해당 분야에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 결론: 건설공사 발주 규모를 고려한 안전 관련 전문인력 및 조직을 구성하고 책임과 권한을 명확히 부여해야 한다. 위험성평가는 안전보건대장을 작성하기 위해 형식적으로 실시하고 있으므로 실제 해당 공사에 대한 안전사고를 예방하기 위해 실효성 있는 위험요인 도출이 필요하다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2024

최근 급격한 변화를 주고 있는 산업 현장 제조공장에서 매일 발생하는 위험작업을 종류별로 구분하고 일일안전관리 방법 중 이동형 CCTV (Closed Circuit Television)가 안전사고에 미치는 영향성을 분석하였다. 연구의 대상은 아산시에 소재하고 있는 디스플레이 제조공정에 가스, 용수, 전기 등 유틸리티 공급하기 위해 근로자 약 3,000명이 인프라 시설 부문을 관리하고 있으며 2019년부터 2022년까지 일일 위험작업 내용을 기반으로 연구하였으며 본 시점 연구 기간에도 현장에서는 건설 및 제조공정의 신규 투자, 증설 등 많은 공사가 발생하고 있다. 이에 따른 안전 사고율 및 위험 노출이 확대되어 안전사고도 점점 증가 추세이며 안전사고 대부분은 기본을 지키지 않은 부문과 현장의 안전 조치를 이행하지 않아서 일어났다. 본 논문에서는 작업 중대성에 따라 분류한 위험작업 등급과 이동형 CCTV 촬영률 관계에 따라 사고 감소 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 제조공장 현장의 특성을 고려하여 앞으로의 새로운 안전관리 문화 도입 확대를 기반으로 안전사고 예방을 위한 기초자료의 역할을 위해 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-137
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• 2009

Recently, intelligent traffic information systems have enabled people to forecast traffic conditions before hitting the road. These convenient systems operate on the basis of data reflecting current road and traffic conditions as well as distance-based data between locations. Thanks to the rapid development of ubiquitous computing, tremendous context data have become readily available making vehicle route planning easier than ever. Previous research in relation to optimization of vehicle route planning merely focused on finding the optimal distance between locations. Contexts reflecting the road and traffic conditions were then not seriously treated as a way to resolve the optimal routing problems based on distance-based route planning, because this kind of information does not have much significant impact on traffic routing until a a complex traffic situation arises. Further, it was also not easy to take into full account the traffic contexts for resolving optimal routing problems because predicting the dynamic traffic situations was regarded a daunting task. However, with rapid increase in traffic complexity the importance of developing contexts reflecting data related to moving costs has emerged. Hence, this research proposes a framework designed to resolve an optimal route planning problem by taking full account of additional moving cost such as road traffic cost and weather cost, among others. Recent technological development particularly in the ubiquitous computing environment has facilitated the collection of such data. This framework is based on the contexts of time, traffic, and environment, which addresses the following issues. First, we clarify and classify the diverse contexts that affect a vehicle's velocity and estimates the optimization of moving cost based on dynamic programming that accounts for the context cost according to the variance of contexts. Second, the velocity reduction rate is applied to find the optimal route (shortest path) using the context data on the current traffic condition. The velocity reduction rate infers to the degree of possible velocity including moving vehicles' considerable road and traffic contexts, indicating the statistical or experimental data. Knowledge generated in this papercan be referenced by several organizations which deal with road and traffic data. Third, in experimentation, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed context-based optimal route (shortest path) between locations by comparing it to the previously used distance-based shortest path. A vehicles' optimal route might change due to its diverse velocity caused by unexpected but potential dynamic situations depending on the road condition. This study includes such context variables as 'road congestion', 'work', 'accident', and 'weather' which can alter the traffic condition. The contexts can affect moving vehicle's velocity on the road. Since these context variables except for 'weather' are related to road conditions, relevant data were provided by the Korea Expressway Corporation. The 'weather'-related data were attained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The aware contexts are classified contexts causing reduction of vehicles' velocity which determines the velocity reduction rate. To find the optimal route (shortest path), we introduced the velocity reduction rate in the context for calculating a vehicle's velocity reflecting composite contexts when one event synchronizes with another. We then proposed a context-based optimal route (shortest path) algorithm based on the dynamic programming. The algorithm is composed of three steps. In the first initialization step, departure and destination locations are given, and the path step is initialized as 0. In the second step, moving costs including composite contexts into account between locations on path are estimated using the velocity reduction rate by context as increasing path steps. In the third step, the optimal route (shortest path) is retrieved through back-tracking. In the provided research model, we designed a framework to account for context awareness, moving cost estimation (taking both composite and single contexts into account), and optimal route (shortest path) algorithm (based on dynamic programming). Through illustrative experimentation using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, we proved that context-based route planning is much more effective than distance-based route planning., In addition, we found that the optimal solution (shortest paths) through the distance-based route planning might not be optimized in real situation because road condition is very dynamic and unpredictable while affecting most vehicles' moving costs. For further study, while more information is needed for a more accurate estimation of moving vehicles' costs, this study still stands viable in the applications to reduce moving costs by effective route planning. For instance, it could be applied to deliverers' decision making to enhance their decision satisfaction when they meet unpredictable dynamic situations in moving vehicles on the road. Overall, we conclude that taking into account the contexts as a part of costs is a meaningful and sensible approach to in resolving the optimal route problem.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.787-792
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• 2004

급성 사지 허혈증은 다양한 치료방법의 발전에도 불구하고 사지절단과 생명에 위협적인 질환이다. 저자들은 경험한 환자들을 대상으로 증상, 동반질환, 합병증 등을 조사하여 급성 동맥 허혈증의 중단기 수술 성적을 알아보고자 하였다 대상 및 방법: 1996년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 성균관의 대 마산삼성병원 흉부외과에서 급성 동맥혈전 또는 급성 동맥색전에 의한 급성 사지 허혈증으로 진단 받고 일차적인 치료로 혈전색전 제거술을 시행한 54명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 성별은 남자 43명, 여자 11명이었고 평균연령은 67.2세였다. 증상발견 이후 내원 시까지 경과한 시간은 33예에서 24시간 이내였다. 급성사지 허혈증의 원인은 색전성 폐색(27.8%), 원동맥 혈전(66.7%), 회로 조성술 후 이식편 혈전(5.6%)이었다. 폐색부위는 대동맥-장골동맥 8예(14.8%), 대퇴동맥 이하 43예(79.6%), 상완동맥 3예(5.6%)였으며 치료는 전 예에서 혈전색전 제거술을 시행하였다. 동반질환은 심질환(72.2%), 고혈압(33.3%), 뇌혈관질환(16.7%), 당뇨(18.5%)였다. 96.3%에서 흡연의 기왕력이 있었다. 급성 사지 허혈증에 따른 임상증상은 grade I이 64.8%, IIa 24.1%, IIb 7.4%, III 3.7%였다. 수술 후 사망률은 5.6%였고 5예를 절단하여 9.3%의 사지 절단율을 보였다. 1년 사지 생존율은 93.62%였으며 수술후의 합병증은 상처감염이 1예, 위장관 출혈이 1예, 급성신부전 3예, 구획증후군이 1예였다. 기능적증상의 호전 정도를 1997년에 개정된 Recommended scale for gauging changes in clinical status의 기준으로 분류해 보면, 현저한 호전이 68.5%, 중등도 호전이 9.3%, 경도 호전이 7.4%, 무변화는 0%, 경도의 악화 5.6%, 중등도 악화 3.7%, 현저한 악화 5.6%였다 결론: 저자들의 조사 결과 급성사지 허혈증은 5.6%의 사망률, 9.3%의 사지 절단율을 나타내었다 저자들은 조기진단과 조기 수술을 시행함으로써 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 결과를 향상시키기 위해서는 조기진단과 원인질환의 파악, 신속한 처치 및 수술이 중요하다고 생각한다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

도로를 건설하는 궁극적인 목적은 운전자의 편의성을 고려해야 함에도 불구하고 지금까지의 도로선형설계시 도로 이용자인 운전자를 고려하지 않고 있는 실정이다. 운전자의 편의성은 시간적 측면에서 정시성 및 신속성을 고려하고 있지만, 더불어 부가적으로 고려되어야 할 요소로서 사고에 대한 안전성을 감안해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 지방부 일반국도 4차선 단곡선부의 1차로를 대상으로 입체선형의 주행속도특성을 고려한 편경사 안전율을 산정하고자 한다. 첫째, 기하구조의 영향을 분석하기 위해 선행차에 의해 영향을 받지 않은 승용차의 주행속도를 조사하였다. 둘째, 종단선형의 영향과 평면선형의 영향을 조합하여 6개 구간, 즉 12개 지점에서 주행속도를 측정하여 주행속도 특성을 기초 통계 분석하였다. 섯째, 기초 통계 분석 결과를 바탕으로 최대편경사를 새로운 안전율(${\alpha}$)개념을 도입하여 주행속도를 고려한 편경사값을 산정하였다. 연구결과, 입체선형에서 승용차의 주행특성을 알 수 있었고, 이를 고려한 안전율을 제시할 수 있었다. 최대편경사를 산정함에 있어 본 연구의 결과인 3차원적 입체선형을 고려한 안전율을 적용한다면 도로설계시 운전자의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 더불어, 본 연구의 범위를 확장하여 다양한 기하구조를 가진 도로구간에 대한 수집 분석한 후, 3차원적 입체선형을 고려한 모델이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1987

It is widely recognized that primary health care in the community is one of the most important and effective health measures in these days. However, it is reality that unsatisfactory health care system, ineffective utilization of health care by the community people in the rural area are hampering better understanding for primary health care. Therefore promoting health for the rural people and increasing understanding about primary health care, the baseline survey in the community focused in examination for safe community water supply was carried out. The survey was conducted through August 25-31, 1986 in order to find out health problems and relevant factors and to define the demographic characteristics of $^*$Sanpuk village, Kumsa-Myun, Yuju-Gun, Kyunggi-Do, Korea. Household survey was carried out for every home by trained interviewers. The major results are found out as follows : 1) 84.2%(400 houses) of total households were surveyed because 15.8%(75 houses) were unable to survey due to either refusal against interview or absence of family. These 400 households were composed of 1,697 residents(male:830, female 867). Educational level of respondents showed 34.1% as elementary school graduated. Religion distribution showed Buddism(23.8%) as the most dominant. 50.7% of respondents married in the area. 2) Most households(91.5%) have lived in their own house in Sanpuk area. Average family size showed 4.3. More than half of residents(64.2%) have used public supplied water tap. Only 1.5% of the households had a flush toliet. The rest of households have still used primitive insanitary latrines. 3) 32.5% of residents have used gas burner for cooking and for heating in the house, and the coal briquet were used for boiler. Lack of convenient public transportation was the chief complaint for their day life. 4) Each household occupied 1,990 pyungs of rice paddy and 1,170 pyungs of ordinary field in average. Beside farming products, mushroom was the highest product. 5) Sixth percent of households in the survey area regularly participated in community meeting one hand and on the other hand 39.5% never participated. Most of respondents closely contacted with their neighbours and they seemed very friendly each other. 6) The prevalence rate of illness and injury during recent 15 days showed 48.3 per 1,000. The prevalence rate of chronic illnesses during the past one year showed 74 per 1,000. Injury and accident lead the higher portion(22.0%) in the former and in the latter pain(arthritis, back-pain) showed 27.0% as the dominant sickness. 87.8% of the ill residents in the former received medical treatment. As the most frequently utilized medical facility, the clinic or hospital were counted. Among the residents suffering from chronic illnesses, 77.3% in Sanpuk area get some kind of medical treatments and they rarely utilized the clinic or hospital. The reason why the patient did not receive any medical care was found out the fact that symptoms of illness was light or mild and economic problems was serious. 7) Average age of marriage showed 21.6 years old in the women and the average duration of marital period was shown for 15.1 years. The married woman in reproductive age in Sanpuk area had experienced pregnancies 4 times in the aver-age including 0.7 time of pregnancy in average were interrupted by induced abortion and 0.3 time by spontaneous abortion respectively. The practicing rate of the family planning of the married woman during reproductive ages showed 70.7% and the tuballigation was found out as the most frequently used contraceptives. 8) Among woman who has children under 2 years old, 70.0% had received the prenatal care for the last pregnancy. However, the average number of prenatal care visitis per woman showed 3.3 times. Fifty-two % of woman who received the postnatal care for the last delivery showed only 37.5%. 9) Immunization rate of the children under 2 years old showed relatively high and looked successful. The breast feeding for these children showed dominantly in the most. Most of the mothers in Sanpuk area had started the supplementary diet during weaning period of their infants of 6th and 7th month after birth. * : Sanpuk area is a demstration area for community development which has been supported by the Community Development Foundation during the part 10 years. The village is relatively closer to urban area such as Seoul, However, it has a similar characteristics shown as a remote village because of geographical location and inconvenient transportation at present.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1992

This research was carried out on 1,017 production workers for four months from May to August, 1991, to search more effective management method of their health by grasping their knowledge and attitude on industrial health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. As for general characteristics, 74.2% were male and 25.8% were female among the 1,017 workers. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 38.7%. As for education level, graduation from high school was 58.6%, 61.2% were married, 35.9% owned their house, and workers who worked more than 1 year less than 5 years was 52.9%, workers who worked 8 hours a day was 46.7%, the largest group income level was 60~69 thousand won 21.2%, and the degree of satisfaction with work was ordinary, 45.6%. 2. The degree of recognition concerning occupational diseases was 92.5% at a very high rate. Causes of occupational diseases under the present work field were in order of noise, dust, heavy metal. The largest group of the counterplan for prevention was an improvement of working environment, 62.0%. 3. The major cause that threatens worker's health was poor working environment, 31.4%. As the best method for workers' health management, working environment management was pointed. 4. As for health examination result, the response that it is of use to health management was 53.8%. As for examination method and result, 42.7% responded that they are formal. The practice period was more than once every six months as the largest group, and the highest desire for improvement was that they wants an exact information of the result. 5. 49.3% of the respondents know about the measurement of working environment an the response that the measurement is necessary to improve working environment was 57.9%, and that the results from the measurement were reflected on improvement an management 57.5%. Appropriate period to take a measurement was more than once per six months, 40.2% and per three months, 29.1%. 6. As for safety and halth instruction, 34.5% were educated for both, 38.2% for only safety education and just 4.6% for only health education. 51.9% responded that they had never been educated out of work place. The period of its practice was more than once a month, 39.5% and every three months, 21.3%. 7. The importance of safety and health showed that the one is equal to the other, 59.8%, that the one is more important, 29.6%, and that other is more important, 7.6%. 67.7% said the necessity of a safety and health manager. 8. In spite of more or less health obstacle of work environment, 14.9% of the respondents wanted to overwork to gain an allowance for over-time work, 39.9% didn't, and 40.2% according to condition and state. 9. As the most important cause of industrial accident, 40.2% indicated unsafe behavior. As for the individual protective instrument, 66.1% of all the respondents said they have worn it to protect industrial diseases. 10. As for the degree of understanding of the contents in Industrial Safety and Health Law and Industrial Law of Accident Insurance, an affirmative response was respectively 49.3% and 50.8% and the sources of safety-health information were televisions and radios, 28.0%. Therefore, it is necessary that we do positive working environmental improvement, continuous management and health education's inforcement to increase their health and prevent occupational diseases.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.257-270
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the intent of using home nursing of chronic disease patients who got out of a university hospital. For the purpose, the study selected 153 patients who were hospitalized and left K university hospital with diagnoses of cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cerebral vascular accident and ordered to be discharged and performed interviews with them and surveys on their medical records to obtain the following results. For this study a direct-interview survey and medical record review was conducted from June 28 to Aug. 30, 1998. The frequency and mean values were computed to find the characteristics of the study subjects, and $X^2$-test, t-test, factor analysis and multiple logistic regession analysis were applied for the analysis of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) When characteristics of the subjects were examined, men and women occupied for 58.8% and 41.2%, respectively. The subjects were 41.3 years old in aver age and had the monthly aver age earning of 0.99 million won or below, which was the most out of the total subjects at 34.6%. Among the total, 87.6% resided in cities and 12.4 in counties. The most left the hospital with diagnosis of cancer at 51.6%, followed by hyper tension at 24.2%, diabetes at 13.7% and cerebral vascular accident at 7.2%. 2) 93.5% of the selected patients had the intent of using home nursing and 6.5%, didn't. Among those patients having the intent, 85.6% had the intent of paying for home nursing and 14.4%, didn't. The subjects expected that the nursing would be paid 9,143 won in aver age and 47.7% of them preferred national authorities as the main servers. 86.3% of the subjects thought that home nursing business had the main advantage of making it possible to learn nursing methods at home and thereby contributing to improving the ability of patients and their facilities to solve health problems. 3) Relations between the intent of use and characteristics of the subjects such as demography-related social, home environment, disease and physical function characteristics did not show statistically significant differences among one another. Compared to those who had no intent of using home nursing, the group having the intent had more cases of male patients, the age of 39 or below, residence in cities, 5 family member s or more, no existence of home nursing servers, leaving the hospital from a non-hospitalized building, disease development for five months or below, hospitalization for ten days or more, non-hospitalization with in the recent one month, two times or over of hospitalization, leaving the hospital with no demand of special treatment, operation underwent, poor results of treatment, leaving the hospital with demand of rehabilitation services, physical disablement and high evaluation point of daily life. 4) Among those patients having the intent of using home nursing, 47.6% demanded technical nursing and 55.9%, supportive nursing. As technical nursing,' inject into a blood vessel ' and 'treat pustule and teach basic prevention methods occupied for 57.4%, respectively, topping the list. Among demands of supportive nursing, 'observe patients 'status and refer them to hospitals or community resources as available, if necessary' was the most with percent age point of 59.5. Regarding the intent of paying for home nursing, 39.2% of those patients wishing to use the nursing responded paying for technical services and 20.2, supportive services. In detail, 70.0% wanted to pay for a service stated as 'inject into a blood vessel', highest among the former services and 30.7%, a service referred to as 'teaching exercises needed to make the body of patients move', highest among the latter. When this was analyzed in terms of a relation between the need(the need for home nursing) and the demand(the intent of paying for home nursing), The rate of the need to the demand was found two or three times higher in technical nursing(0.82) than in supportive nursing(0.35). In aspects of tech ical nursing, muscle injection(1.26, the 1st rank) was highest in the rate while among aspects of supportive nursing, a service referred to as 'teach exercises needed for making patients move their bodies normally'(0.58, the 1st rank). 5) factors I(satisfaction with hospital services), II(recognition of disease state), III(economy) and IV(period of disease) occupied for 34.4, 13.8, 11.9 and 9.2 percents, respectively among factors related to the intent by the subjects of using home nursing, totaled 59.3%. In conclusion, most of chronic disease patients have the intent of using hospital-based home nursing and satisfaction with hospital services is a factor affecting the intent most. Thus a post-management system is needed to continue providing health management to those patients after they leave the hospital. Further, supportive services should be provided in order that those who are satisfied with hospital services return to their community and live their in dependent lives. Based on these results, the researcher would make the following recommendation. 1) Because home nursing becomes more and more needed due to a sharp increase in chronic disease patients and elderly people, related rules and regulations should be made and implemented. 2) Hospital nurses specializing in home nursing should be cultivated.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

경제수준의 향상에 따른 자동차보급율의 급격한 증가는 공동주택단지의 주차공간 부족현상을 심화시키고 있다. 준공 당시에는 주차장 설치기준을 만족하였겠지만, 현재의 법규나 주민의 요구를 만족시키지 못하는 실정이다. 노후 공동주택은 건물구조체의 내구성에 문제가 없음에도 불구하고, 설비의 노후화와 주차공간의 부족으로 기존의 건물을 철거하고 재건축하는 방법을 채택하는 경우도 있다. 이로 인한 국가적 차원의 자원낭비와 자원의 재활용 및 재사용 측면에서 문제가 많다. 또한 주차난으로 인한 화재 사망사고도 발생한 사례가 있다. 공동주택의 주차난은 단순한 불편함이 아닌 안전에 관계된 심각한 문제이다. 단지 전체의 리모델링이 아닌 주차장 확장만을 위한 리모델링이 필요하다. 본 연구는 주민들이 이주를 하지 않고 거주하는 중에 지하주차장 확대를 위한 흙막이 공법선정 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 흙막이공법 선정시 영향요인을 분석하고, AHP기법을 적용하여 가중치를 산정하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 흙막이공법의 적용성 평가를 실시하여 거주중에 적용 가능한 흙막이공법 선정방안을 제시하고 민감도분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 공법선정 평가방법은 거주중 지하공사 흙막이공법 선정시 의사결정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2192-2204
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• 2011

최근 정부는 지속가능한 녹색성장을 위하여 도로 중심의 교통체계에서 친환경 고효율의 교통수단인 철도중심의 교통체계로의 전환을 적극 추진하고 있다. 철도망을 통해 국토를 통합 다핵 개방형 구조로 재편하고자 철도부문 최상위 계획인 제2차 국가철도망구축계획을 고시('11.4)하였으며, 전국 주요거점을 일상 통근시간대인 1시간 30분대로 연결하여 하나의 도시권으로 통합하고자 하고 있다. 그러나, SOC사업의 타당성분석을 위한 비용편익분석방법론에는 철도사업의 특성이 반영되지 않아 철도사업이 도로사업에 비해 불리한 실정이었다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 철도시설공단에서는 철도투자 평가체계 개선방안 연구를 시행하였으며, 기획재정부에서는 철도투자평가체계 개선방안에 대한 많은 내용을 도입하여 철도부문 예비타당성조사에 대한 개선사항을 예타지침에 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 철도투자 평가체계 개선방안에서 주요하게 논의된 사항인, 분석기간, 할인율, 통행시간절감편익, 교통사고절감편익, 차량대체 투자비 및 고속철도 운영유지보수비 부분에 대한 고찰을 하였으며, 아울러, 추가로 연구되어야할 부분에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 이러한 개선 방안들이 향후 철도부문 타당성평가 방법론에 반영됨으로써 합리적 객관적인 철도투자 평가체계 구축이 가능할 것이며, 또한 선순환적인 철도투자가 이루어질 수 있을 것이다.