• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (AE) against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups in order to receive the following experimental diets with intraperitoneal injection of $CCl_4$ (2.0 mL/kg body weight, 20% solution 0.65 mL) for eight weeks (n = 8 per group): $CCl_4$ control (CON), $CCl_4$ + AE 1% (AE1), $CCl_4$ + AE 3% (AE3), or $CCl_4$ + acanthoic acid 0.037%, which is equivalent to AE 3% (AA). Results: Highest serum ALT activity and albumin level were observed in the $CCL_4$ control group, but showed a significant decrease by either AE or AA supplementation in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.0063 and 0.0076, respectively). Both hemotoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's staining indicated remarkable prevention of $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in the AE3 group. $TNF{\alpha}$ and IL-6 production were significantly lowered in the AE treated groups, but not in the AA group (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0002, respectively). The effects of AE3 were greater than those of AA for inflammation and liver toxicity biomarkers. Conclusion: Taken together, the results suggested that ethanolic extract of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai provided hepatoprotective effects, leading to the reduction of inflammatory response. In addition, the effect of AE was superior to that of single compound AA.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.435-436
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• 2010

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.362-365
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• 2000

Changes in eleutherosides by havest time and part of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai were investigated. Eleutherosides contents in stem root and leaf of Acanthopanax koreanum harvested at September were 549.2 ppm 483.2 ppm and 255.9 ppm, respectively. Eleutheroside E content in stem was 653.1 ppm, which was higher than that in root, but it was not detected in leaf. As the trees were grown eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E contents were increased gradually. Eleutheroside B content of 5 year's age tree was 567.3 ppm, which was 1.6 times higher than that of 1 year's age tree.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.460-465
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• 2013

The hepatoprotective activity of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai extract (AE) was investigated against D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced liver failure rats compared with that of acanthoic acid (AA) isolated from AE. Although D-GalN/LPS (250 mg/kg body weight/$10{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, i.p.) induced hepatic damage, pretreatments with AE (1 and 3% AE/g day) and AA (0.037% AA, equivalent to 3% AE/g day) alleviated the hepatic damage. This effect was the result of a significant decrease in the activity of alanine transaminase. Concomitantly, both the nitric oxide and IL-6 levels in the plasma were significantly decreased by high-dose AE (AE3) treatment compared to the GalN/LPS control (AE0). This response resulted from the regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling via a decrease in TLR4 and CD14 mRNA levels in the liver. While a high degree of necrosis and hemorrhage were observed in the AE0, pretreatment with AE3 and AA reduced the extent of hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrates compared to the AE0. In conclusion, these results suggest that especially high-dose AE are capable of alleviating D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury by decreasing hepatic toxicity, thereby mitigating the TLR 4-dependent cytokine release. The anti-inflammatory effect of AE could be contributing to that of AA and AE is better than AA.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation for mass production of Acanthopanax koreanum NAKAI utilized for health food and medicine material. Germination rate of A. koreanum seeds were 64% when seeds were stored at 15 for 60 days and then were treated with 50 ppm of kinetin and dormancy were broken at 5 for 60 days. Rooting rates of green-wood cuttings treated with IBA 100 ppm, NAA 50 ppm, and IAA 100 ppm were 61.7, 56.7, and 60.0%, respectively. Rooting rates of greenwood cuttings treated with Rooton in scoria + horticulture media and volcanic ash were 76.7 and 66.7%, respectively. Survival rate of seedlings planted on Aug. 10 was highest (96%) under 75% shading net while shoot growth was best under 55% shading net. Survival rate of seedlings planted on May 2 was highest (91%) 55% shading net, and shoot growth was also best 55% under shading net.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.353-358
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• 2012

This study was conducted to enhance the propagation of Acanthopanax divaricatus and Acanthopanax koreanum through different cutting practices. For propagation by cuttings, scions were taken on September 1. This already has hard skin and showed much higher values in terms of root length, root number, rooting ratio and root weight than those taken on June 30 and August 1. Regardless of cutting date, 50% shading resulted to the highest root length, root number, root ratio and root weight. Meanwhile, 95% shading significantly reduced these parameters compared with no shading. These results suggest that over-shading may inhibit root growth. Two growth regulators, IBA (concentration of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 ppm) and Rootone-F (0.4%) were also tested of its effect to the cuttings. Rootone-F was found to be more effective than IBA. Cutting treated with Rootone-F had slightly higher root length and root number. A. koreanum which grows well in hot climatic condition showed better rooting ability than A. divaricatus.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to investigate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai. Antimutagenic study on extract of A. koreanum was studied using the test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98. And mutagenicity study was studied using the test with S. typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvr A. A. koreanum was negative in Ames test with S. typhimurium and E. coli with or without S-9 mixture. Test substances of $5000\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, $2500\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ and $600\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of A. koreanum extracts were chosen via toxicity test. Ames test was performed on positive control group, experimental group and negative control group in the presence of the metabolic activation system and metabolic non-activation system. As a result, there was no coherent increase and reverse mutation in all concentrations. Therefore, A. koreanum does not cause reverse mutation. In addition, A. koreanum showed strong antimutagenic activities in S. typhimurim TA100 and TA98. In conclusion, A. koreanum root may be an excellent antimutagenic agent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2000

In order to determine the optimum harvest time of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai, free sugars, organic acids, amino acids and minerals were investigated. Ash, crude fat and crude protein of 4-age's tree of Acanthopanax koreanum were $2.98%{\sim}3.90%,\;1.93%{\sim}2.34%,\;3.52%{\sim}4.23%$, respectively. Minerals were 835.9 mg/100g of K, 971.3 mg/100g of Ca, 168.7 mg/100g of Mg, 38.8 mg/100g, of Na, 18.6 mg/100g of Fe, and 8.5 mg/100g of Cu on average, respectively. Calcium content was increased distinguishably as late as harvest time, especially in stem and root. Glucose, fructose and sucrose content of stem were $0.71{\sim}0.75%,\;0.31{\sim}0.03%,\;and\;0.16{\sim}0.21%$, respectively. Organic acid was $381.0\;mg/100g{\sim}504.9\;mg/100g$, and was mainly consisted of succinic acid, citric acid and malic acid. Twelve kinds of free amino acids were detected. Total amino acids was $33.56\;mg/100g{\sim}48.60\;mg/100g$, and it was the highest on samples harvested at September. Arginine, phenylalanine and glutamic acid were the main free amino acids of stems.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.1 s.144
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• pp.16-20
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• 2006

The protective effects of the aqueous MeOH extracts of stem and root Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai against oxidative stress were investigated. Anti-oxidant activity of the stem extract of A. koreanum was observed in the DPPH free radical scavenging $(IC_{50}=58.7\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and the SOD test $(IC_{50}=17.52\;{\mu}g/ml)$. According to data analysis of cell survival ratio of normal fibroblasts, the skin irritation by both extracts from A. koreanum was concerned. However, in the skin primary parch test, both extracts obtained Grade I, which means that there was no skin irritation. After induction of oxidative irritation, cell survival ratio of normal fibroblasts was also monitored and it turned out that stress-inducing group with both extracts had more increased cell survival ratio. The cell extension of the stress-inducing group treated with the stem extract was most dominant in morphological study. Based on these results, the stem extract of A. koreanum showed the protective effect against oxidative stress on normal fibroblast.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.81.1-81
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text