• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 2008

Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added Yakju was manufactured and then fermentation and quality characteristics of Yakju were examined. Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added Yakju showed totally similar characteristics with the non-extract added Yakju of control groups. The pH showed almost no change to pH 4.0 after 6 days of fermentation and it was decreased only once in only fermentation time of 3 days. The acidity of Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added group showed no difference to the control group. The sugar obrix and reducing sugar content showed decrease in all two groups in the initial fermentation stage; however, it showed slow decrease as the late fermentation stage. The Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added Yakju showed less alcohol content than the control group in the initial fermentation stage. However, after 6 days of fermentation, the Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added Yakju showed more alcohol contents and constant increase till the final fermentation day. The pH, acidity, reducing sugar and alcohol content showed rapid changes between fermentation days 0 through 3. Therefore, it means that the Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added Yakju fermentation actively takes place between the days 0 through 3. Organic acids detected in Yakju were acetic, lactic, oxalic, malic and succinic acids. The acetic acid was the highest among the total acid contents. Eleutheroside E and chlorogenic acid, known as the effective components of Acanthopanacis cortex, showed stable status without changes in component content till stage two fermentation. The contents of eleutheroside E and chlorogenic acid were $7.61\pm0.39{\mu}g/mL$ and $3.63\pm0.18{\mu}g/mL$ on the final fermentation day, respectively. The fusel oil was slightly detected in both groups with values of $0.08\pm0.001{\sim}0.86\pm0.03mg%$ in n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol content. The Acanthopanacis cortex extracts added group was similar to the control group in the overall sensory test.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

The effect of water extract composed of panax ginseng radix rubra, acanthopanacis cortex, and cordyceps (PAC) on diabetic animal models were investigated in two different diabetic animal models. FAC water extract significantly reduced the plasma glucose levels on day 30 as compared with the diabetic control group in $KKA^Y$ obese, hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic mice, and also reduced the plasma glucose levels as well as total cholesterol in multiple low dose (MLD) strep tozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats. PAC water extract also showed an inhibitory effect on reduction of body weight and on development of MLD STZ-induced diabetic state. Elevated kidney hypertrophy, which is a characteristic feature shown in early stage of diabetic nephropathy and calculated as the ratio of kidney mass (g) relative to the body weight (g), was also markedly improved in PAC water extract- treated group as compared to the diabetic control group. Taken together, these data suggest that PAC water extract may have a potential as a antidiabetic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.668-673
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• 2006

The effects of Acanthopanacis cortex water extract on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in Sprague-Dawley male rats treated with 2.5% 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the dorsal skin were evaluated. The concentration of TBARS in plasma and liver was increased in ACD rats and was significantly decreased in Acanthopanacis cortex fed group (ACFG) compared to CG (control group). Serum Ig E level was significantly increased in CG compared to normal group, while that of ACFG was significantly decreased. The epidermal thickness of CG was significantly increased compared to that of normal group, while that of ACFG was significantly decreased compared to that of CG These results indicated that the Acanthopanacis cortex water extract administration improved lipid preoxidation, antioxidative activity, serum Ig E level and epidermal thickness in rats with ACD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects SMTG on the skin inflammatory reactions. Among the herbal ingredients of SMTG, ethanol extracts of Paeoniae obovata Radix and Acanthopanacis Cortex showed potent radical scavenging activity, more than 90$\%$ at a concnentration of 0.01$\%$, tested by DPPH(1,l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hyrazyl) method. And ethanol extract of Saururi Herba Seu Rhizoma inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of nitric oxide(NO), 94$\%$ at 50 ㎍／㎖, by the macrophage RAW 246.7 cells. In addition, the ethanol extract of Acanthopanacis Cortex showed antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus that was reported to cause impetigo and atopic disease. Taken together, I expect that SMTG may be used as a drug for treatment on skin inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2016

When inflammatory reaction is in progress, the macrophages release inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and product inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We conducted this study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy on each water extract of Acanthopanacis cortex, Achyranthes radix, and Eucommiae cortex, and to investigate whether they inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Acanthopanacis cortex, Achyranthes radix, and Eucommiae cortex were extracted with water and freeze-dried. Acanthoside D, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and pinoresinol diglucoside as an index material were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to ensure that the components of each extracts were extracted well. RAW 264.7 cell line, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to cause an inflammatory response, was treated with each water extract at various concentrations to determine the anti-inflammatory efficacy. Then, the anti-inflammatory efficacy was confirmed by a nitric oxide (NO) assay, and the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by real time PCR. As a result, the indicator materials were detected from each extract, and Acanthopanacis cortex water extract (ACWE) and Achyranthes radix water extract (ARWE) were shown to have a high activity than Eucommiae cortex water extract (ECWE) in NO assay. In Korea, traditionally it prescribed a combination of medicinal herbs. This study confirmed the anti-inflammatory response of these medicinal plants in arthritis and its synergistic effect when used in combination with western medicine.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2007

Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC) has been popularly used as an herbal medicine for medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, insomnia, impotence and diabetes. Here, we investigated immunostimulating effects of the aqueous extract of AC on macrophage. We studied nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ release in response to AC treatment, as they are important secretory products of macrophage. AC alone induce the NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ production. AC increase c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but does not p38 activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Also AC resulted in the enhanced cell-surface expression of CD80 and CD14. In addition, AC resulted in enhanced T cell-stimulatory capacity and increased T cell secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma. After feeding with AC to mouse for 10 days, the change of $CD28^+$ and $CD40^+$ population was analyzed. AC increased $CD28^+$ population in splenocytes in vivo. These studies indicate that AC induces macrophage activation and suggest the possible use of AC in macrophage-based immunotherapies.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1201-1209
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• 2007

The present study was designed to examine whether water extract of Acanthopanacis cortex(AC) has an effect on renal functional parameters in association with the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats. Polyuria caused by down-regulation of renal AQP 2 in the ischemia-induced ARF rats was markedly restored by administration of AC (200 mg/kg, p.o.) with restoring expression of AQP 2 in the kidney. Administration of AC lowered the renal expression of HO-1, which was upregulated in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF. The renal functional parameters including creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, urinary osmolality, and solute-free reabsorption were also markedly restored in ischemia-ARF rats by administration of AC. Histological study also showed that renal damages in the ARF rats were abrogated by administration of AC. Taken together, the present data indicate that AC ameliorates renal defects in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.389-397
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• 2005

This experimental Study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex Extract(ACE) on the immunity, anti-cancer and obesity in mice. The results were as follows; ACE was significantly increased in the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in normal mice. ACE was significantly increased in the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly decreased in the proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly inhibited body weight and tumor weight in S-180 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly increased in the mean survival days in S-180 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly decreased in the body weight in rats fed high fat diet. ACE was significantly decreased in the serum total cholesterol level, free fatty acid level, total lipid level, phospholipid level in rats fed high fat diet. According to above results, the authors suggest that ACE is able to be used for the herb of physiological-action.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1997

It was claimed that the herbal medicine with the function of strengthening the body resistance exerts to enhance the immunity. And the medicine with the effect of eliminating the pathogenic factor is stated to inhibit the immune response. To evaluate the the effects of the herbal medicine on the immune response, the mice were administrated with the herbal medicine for 2 weeks. And the responses were analyzed. As the result, water extract of Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Semen Coicis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae, and Radix Sophorae increased the ROI production, while Radix Tripterygia inhibited it. Phagocytic activity was increased after administration of Radix Astragal, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae and Radix Sophorae. NK cell activity was also significantly inhibited by Radix Tripterygia. Administration of Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae and Semen Coicis enhanced the antibodies(hemagglutinin and hemolysin) formation and the appearance of rosette forming cells of the spleen, while Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia decreased it. Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia also decreased the allogenic immune response and mixed-lymphocyte reaction. And all the experimental herbs decreased contact hypersensitivity against dinitroflurobenzene. These results show Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Spica Prunellae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Semen Coicis and Herba Ecliptae enhanced innate immunity, humoral and cellular immune responses. However Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia exert imunosuppressive action. Also these results indicate that the medicine with the action of the strengthening the body resistance enhances the immunity. And the the some of drugs belonging to the eliminating the pathogenic factor also increase the immune responses.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.533-564
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• 1998

In order to know the effect of proliferation and differentiation on edipocyte 3T3-L1 by prescriptions and herbs, Taeyangin(太陽人)'s Okapijangcheok-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Mihudeungsikjangtang Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) and Taeumin(太陰人)'s Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯) Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Cheongpaesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) Galkeunbupyong-tang(葛根浮萍湯) Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Mori Cortex(桑白皮) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Holotrichia Vermiculus Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根), were used and had some effects. 1. The proliferation effect of edipocyte 1) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs, Okapijangcheok-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Mihudeungsikjang-tang Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) have a control effect at the boiling water-extract and ethyl alcohol-extract. Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) have a control effect at the ethyl alcohol-extract. 2) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs, Taeumjowi-tang(太陰調胃湯) Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Cheongpaesagan-tang(淸肺瀉肝湯) Galkeunbupyong-tang(葛根浮萍湯) have a control effect at the boiling water-extract and ethyl alcohol-extract. Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Morl Cortex(桑白皮) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) · Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of the boiling water-extract, Holotrichia Vermiculus Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect on edipocytes. Rhei Undulati Rhizoma(大黃) Ulmi Cortex(楡根白皮) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of high-density have a cyto-toxicity. 2. The differentiation effect of edipocyte 1) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs during the natural differentiation, Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) of the boiling water-extract, Okapijangchek-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) of the ethyl alcohol-extract have a cyto-toxicity on the first-differentiation. 2) At the Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs during the natural differentiation, Ulmi Cortex (楡根白皮) Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of the boiling water-extract have a cyto-toxicity on the first-differentiation. Cheongsimyonja-tang(淸心蓮子湯) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect on the redifferentiation. 3) At the Taeyangin(太陽人)'s prescriptions and herbs on the first-differentiation during the induced differentiation, Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) of ethyl alcohol-extract has a control effect. Okapijangchek-tang(五加皮壯脊湯) Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮) Phragmitis Rhizoma(蘆根) of the boiling water-extract have a cyto-toxicity. 4) At the Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs on the first-differentiation during the induced differentiation, Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根) of the boiling water-extract and Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) of the ethyl alcohol-extract have a control effect. Kalopanaxii Cortex(海桐皮) of the boiling water-extract and the ethyl alcohol-extract has a cyto-toxicity. Considering this result, the Taeyangin(太陽人) Taeumin(太陰人)'s prescriptions and herbs have a control effect on edipocytes during the proliferation. Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁) Ephedrae Herba(麻黃) Imperatae Rhizoma(白茅根) have a control effect on edipocytes during the induced differentiation. In the future, for treating a obesity need a vivo assay and hope this study to help to know the mechanisms of obesity.