• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

Position encoding is a method of applying weights according to position of words that appear in a sentence. Pointer networks is a deep learning model that outputs corresponding index with an input sequence. This model can be applied to coreference resolution using attribute. However, the pointer networks has a problem in that its performance is degraded when the length of input sequence is long. To solve this problem, we proposed two contributions to resolve the coreference. First, we applied position encoding and dynamic position encoding to pointer networks. Second, we stack deeply layers of encoder to make high-level abstraction. As results, the position encoding based stacked pointer networks model proposed in this paper had a CoNLL F1 performance of 71.78%, which was improved by 6.01% compared to vanilla pointer networks.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.8
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• pp.69-96
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• 1981

We all know that we can not keep a proper social life without language. Yet language is so much a part of our environment that we hardly realize it is there. The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of the linguistical aspect of communication process in order to carry out a successful human relations in the operation of libraries. Human development rests upon man's capacity to digest large quantities of knowledge and it is language which allows facts to be communicated, stored, and disseminated. An attempt was made in this study to illustrate the elementary meaning-of-words aspect of communication. In order to share the most commonly agreed meanings in interpersonal communication, a careful study of semantic noises is important. In a constant struggle to meet client needs, staff and administrators, librarian must understand communication dialogues, their messages and be able to read all level of meanings. In order to perform a successful function of the librarian, to act as a link-man or communicator and to cope with its ever growing information, it is suggested that the deep understanding of the following linguistical aspect of communication elements is essential. 1. Characteristics of Language: (1) Words have different meanings to different people. (2) Words vary in the degree of abstraction. (3) Language is incomplete by its nature. (4) Language reflects not only the personality of the individual but also the culture of man's society. 2. Noises in transmitting meanings: (1) Mechanical or Technical noises. (2) Semantic Noises (3) Noises caused by the psychological factors a. attention b. perception, sensation, cognition and perceptual field. 3. Linguistic Stratum Languages differ considerably in vocabulary by the physical and cultural environment setting as well as situation of individual living. There are seven different language stratum which reflects different region, sex, age, profession, special social stratum, academic and tabooed words.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.953-962
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• 2016

Model-based testing is a technique for performing the test by using a model that represents the behavior of the system as a system specification. Industrial domains such as automotive, military/aerospace, medical, railway and nuclear power generation require model-based testing and code coverage-based testing to improve the quality of software. Despite the fact that both model-based testing and code coverage-based testing are required, difficulty in achieving a high coverage using model-based testing caused by the abstraction level difference between the test model and the source code, results in the need for performing model-based testing separately. In this study, to overcome the limitations of the existing model-based testing, we proposed the state machine transformation method to effectively improve the code coverage using the protocol state machine, one of the typical modeling methods is used as the test model in model-based testing, as the test model. In addition, we performed a case study of both systems and analyzed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2010

Education is an intentional and planned change process for achieving the objective. Thus, an educational objects sets is very important in elementary and secondary instructional practice. Bloom created the original taxonomy of the cognitive, affective, psychomotor domain for categorizing level of abstraction of questions that commonly occur in educational settings in 1956. During the 1990, Anderson & Krathwohl, Marzano led a new educational taxonomy which met for the purpose of updating the Bloom's taxonomy, hoping to add relevance for 21st century teaching and learning. The educational taxonomy with information literacy process is relationship. The purpose of this study is restructure of information literacy process based on educational object taxonomy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.370-381
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• 2012

Multi-criteria result extraction is crucial in many scientific applications that support real-time stream processing, such as habitat research and disaster monitoring. Skyline evaluation is computational intensive especially over continuous time-interval data streams where each object has its own customized expiration time. In this work, we propose TI-Sky - a continuous skyline evaluation framework. To ensure correctness, the result space needs to be continuously maintained as new objects arrive and older objects expire. TI-Sky strikes a perfect balance between the costs of continuously maintaining the result space and the costs of computing the final skyline result from this space whenever a pull-based user query is received. Our key principle is to incrementally maintain a partially precomputed skyline result space - however doing so efficiently by working at a higher level of abstraction. TI-Sky's algorithms for insertion, deletion, purging and result retrieval exploit both layers of granularity. Our experimental study demonstrates the superiority of TI-Sky over existing techniques to handle a wide variety of data sets.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.7 s.103
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• pp.1071-1078
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• 2005

Use case modeling is a widely used technique for functional requirements analysis of business system but it is difficult to identify a use cases at the right level and use case specifications are too long and confusing. It is also hard to determine a functional decomposition Phases·s of use cases. Therefore customer doesn't understand the use cases. This paper is defining concept of the Information Structure Modeling(ISM) and analyzing business system for the customer's perspective. ISM is an efficient mechanism for analyzing user requirements and for Identifying objects in a business system using Attribute Structure Diagram which is a major tool of the ISM that describes user event. This paper is also to show how the classes are classified and derived as event-asset-transaction type in ISM. It provides a user-friendly approach to visually representing business model.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2011

As a system becomes more complex, a design relies more heavily on a methodology based on high-level abstraction and functional verification. SystemVerilog includes characteristics of hardware design language and verification language in the form of extensions to the Verilog HDL. However, the OOP of System Veri log does not allow multiple inheritance. In this paper, we propose adoption of SystemC to introduce multiple inheritance. After being created, a SystemC unit is combined with a SystemVerilog-based verification environment using SystemVerilog DPI and ModelSim macro. Employing multiple inheritance of SystemC makes a design of a verification environment simple and easy through source code reuse. Moreover, a verification environment including SysemC unit has a benefit of reconfigurability due to OOP.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.837-845
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• 2002

Based on ab initio calculations at the MP2(FULL)/6-31+G**//RHF/6-31G** level, we compare the energetic and mechanistic features of a model reaction for catalytic action of Δ?-3-ketosteroid isomerase (KSL,E.C.5.3,3.1) with those of a corresponding nonenzymatic reaction in aqueous solution. The results show that the two catalytic acid residues,Tyr14 and Asp99, can lower the free energy of activation by 8.6kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the experimentally predicted~9 kcal/mol,contribution of electrophilic catalyses to the whole enzymatic rate enhancement. The dienolate intermediate formed by proton transfer from the substrate carbon acid to the catalytic base residue (Asp38) ins predicted to be stabilized by 12.0 kcal/mol in the enzymatic reaction, making its formation thermodynamically favorable. It has been argued that enzymes catalyzing the reactions of carbon acids should resolve the thermodynamic problem of stabilizing the enolate intermediate as well as the kinetic porblem of lowering the free energy of activation for porton abstraction. We find that KSI can successfully overcome the thermodynamic difficulty ingerent in the nonenzymatic reaction through the electrophilic catalyses of the two acid residues. Owing to the stabilization of dienolate intermediate, the reketonization step could influence the overall reaction rate more significantly in the KSI- catalyzed reaction than in the nonenzymatic reaction, further supporting the previous experimental findings. However, the electrophilic catalyses alone cannot account for the whole catalygic capability (12-13 kcal/mol), confiming the earlier experimental implications for the invement of additional catalytic components. The present computational study indicates clearly how catalytic residues of KSI resolve the fundamental problems associated with the entropic penalty for forming the rate-limiting transition state and its destabilization in the bulk solvation environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-128
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• 1996

The maintenance cost accounts for over a half of all software costs. Maintenance tools can be used to reduce It. All other maintenance techniques. reverse engineering Is a process of analyzing source code to extract design information and to create representation of it In another form or at the higher level of abstraction. In this thesis. we propose a method to extract the call relationships among programs. the logic structure In program and the data flow of programs iron COBOL source Programs using reverse engineering. We also present a method to generate the structure chart of programs and modules. The structure chart generated from source code provides very important information to understand programs In details. The structure chart modified will be more helpful the maintainer to understand programs when he analyzes them later or others analyze them.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2004

The recent research has been focused on fusion of audio and visual features for reliable speech recognition in noisy environments. In this paper, we propose a neural network based model of robust speech recognition by integrating audio, visual, and contextual information. Bimodal Neural Network(BMNN) is a multi-layer perception of 4 layers, each of which performs a certain level of abstraction of input features. In BMNN the third layer combines audio md visual features of speech to compensate loss of audio information caused by noise. In order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition in noisy environments, we also propose a post-processing based on contextual information which are sequential patterns of words spoken by a user. Our experimental results show that our model outperforms any single mode models. Particularly, when we use the contextual information, we can obtain over 90% recognition accuracy even in noisy environments, which is a significant improvement compared with the state of art in speech recognition. Our research demonstrates that diverse sources of information need to be integrated to improve the accuracy of speech recognition particularly in noisy environments.