• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.170-180
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• 2010

Among the various fields of Earth Science, especially in Astronomy, we often deal with the change of space-time in an abstract way. Thus, making use of 'Concept Sketches'-simplified sketches that represent the main features, principles, processes and interrelationships of the learning content by using some concise explanations, signs and terms could help the students efficiently learn the phenomena of Astronomy. This study's aim was to check its effects and analyze the results of the lessons that included concept sketches and a discussion about the field of Earth Science in high school. The control group took traditional lessons, while the experimental group did a small-group discussion that used the concept sketches. After the lesson, some students were chosen to answer a questionnaire and go through an in-depth interview. The result of the data shows that the small-group discussion lesson that used the concept sketches helped both the high-ranking and low-ranking students to build concepts and was able to attract students' attention. Moreover, the students produced long-term memories of the content learned through the class discussion, which allowed them to exchange their own thoughts and opinions with other students. Most of all, drawing pictures, a familiar activity, appealed to the students, so they took part in the class eagerly.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2008

The current study was conducted to produce basic data for the policy establishment to improve the life satisfaction of residents in regional communities. The study subjected total 1,400 residents living in youngnam province in our nation for the survey by using convenience sampling. The survey took about 4 months started from March 1, 2007 to June 30, 2007. The abstract and conclusion of the result could be summarized as in below. 1. In subjective health status, 45.4% responded as normal, and the health status scored $2.68{\pm}0.67$ in 5 point scale(53.6 in 100 point scale). 2. The level of life satisfaction was found to show the score of $19.57{\pm}3.39$ in 30 point scale(65.2 in 100 point scale). Characteristically, the highest score was found in male in both age groups younger than 19 and in 20s, but lowest score was found in the age group in 40s(p<0.001). In the level of life satisfaction, 29.6% responded as satisfactory and 11.9% responded as not satisfactory. 3. In reviewing the life satisfaction by the health related characteristics, 65.7% of whom responded as very healthy answered satisfactory in life, and the life satisfaction was significantly high in peoples who do not smoke. However, the level was significantly higher in alcohol drinker than no alcohol drinker. People who have enough sleep tended to satisfy in their life, and the life satisfaction level of whom have leisure turned out to show superiorly high satisfaction level. 4. As the variables affecting on the life satisfaction, sex, age, education level, marital status, health status, stress level, life satisfaction level, healthy life activities and depression level were found, and the influence of these variables was 19.6%. As the above results demonstrate, the life satisfaction of residents in regional community was proportional to health status and highly affected by daily health life. So, the more attentions have to be made on health management and the self effort should not be neglected. Especially, since stress, depression level and leisure life did have effects on life satisfaction, more attentions have to be made on stress solving and on the development of leisure life programs. For the goal, the governments, related private organizations and specialized workforces have to make integrated efforts along with the health improvement project in large perspectives.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2002

this paper, we propose a flexible, reusable, and extensible HL7 encoding and decoding framework using a Message Object Model (MOM) and Message Definition Repository (MDR). The MOM provides an abstract HL7 message form represented by a group of objects and their relationships. It reflects logical relationships among the standard HL7 message elements such as segments, fields, and components, while enforcing the key structural constraints imposed by the standard. Since the MOM completely eliminates the dependency of the HL7 encoder and decoder on platform-specific data formats, it makes it possible to build the encoder and decoder as reusable standalone software components, enabling the interconnection of arbitrary heterogeneous hospital information systems(HISs) with little effort. Moreover, the MDR, an external database of key definitions for HL7 messages, helps make the encoder and decoder as resilient as possible to future modifications of the standard HL7 message formats. It is also used by the encoder and decoder to perform a well formedness check for their respective inputs (i. e., HL7 message objects expressed in the MOM and encoded HL7 message strings). Although we implemented a prototype version of the encoder and decoder using JAVA, they can be easily packaged and delivered as standalone components using the standard component frameworks like ActiveX, JAVABEAN, or CORBA component.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Recent research trend of North Korean mining and rock engineering in the past 10 years was analyzed by a literature review of mining and rock engineering papers published in North Korean major mining journals, 'mining engineering', 'geological and geographical science' and 'technology innovation' published in 2008-2017. Basic database was established by organizing bibliographic information and abstract data of research papers in each journal. For each journal, paper submission trend classified by research field was analyzed using the basic database. And further study was conducted to the papers which showed distinguishing methodology and result, to analyze the trend of North Korean mining and rock engineering. The literature study showed a recent trend of quantification and automation in mining and rock engineering researches in North Korea, which seems due to recent changes in North Korea's science and technology policy and deterioration of the mining conditions. The results of this study can be applied in the feasibility studies of North Korea's mineral resource development projects. Future inter-Korean technical cooperation and site survey on North Korean field can secure complement the reliability of this study.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 1999

A Abstract Yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) thin films were synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. $Zr[TMHD]_4$ $Y[TMHD]_3$ precursors and oxygen were used with the deposition temperature of $425^{\circ}C$ and rf power ranging 0-100 watt. Effects of the deposition parameters were studied by X-ray diffraction and thickness anal­ysis. YSZ thin films have cubic crystal structure with (200) orientation. From the results of EDX analysis, the converte ed content of TEX>$Y_2O_3$ was determined to be 0-36%, and the film thickness was increased with bubbling temperature which is considered to be due to increasing TEX>$Y_2O_3$ flux. The depth profiles of Zr, Y and 0 appeared relatively $\infty$nstant through film thickness. Columnar grains of $1000~2000\AA$ grew vertical to the substrate surface for the case of Ar carri­er gas. In case of He carrier gas, the grain size was observed to be about $1000~2000\AA$. X-ray diffraction data showed the increase of lattice constant with TEX>$Y_2O_3$ content. It was that the presence of the cracks formed during film deposition, partially released the stress generated by the increase of lattice constant.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.52-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of modern Korean men's pants design from 1962 to 1998 by reviewing fashion magazine advertisements and pictorials. For theoretical study, the characteristics and the importance of apparel advertisements and the changes of modern Korean men's fashion trend were reviewed. For sample selection, first, 932 pictorials of men';s wear designs from Joongang Magazine, Shin Dong-A, Bokjangwolbo, Meot, Men's Life, WWD, and SFAA's photograph album, published from 1962 to 1998 were selected and then excluded some samples that could not clearly identify the pants design. Content analysis method was used to analyze the content of magazines and pictorials. The final samples are classified into pattern, color, length, silhouette, and existence or non-existence of turn-up. Frequency and $x^2$-test were conducted using a SAS statistics package to analyse the data. The results were as follows. ; (1) Solid pattern was the most prevailed throughout the last four decades and followed by stripe, check, the others, abstract, dot and floral. There is no significant difference in the type of men's pants pattern between each decade. (2) It showed a significant difference in colors of men's pants between decades. The colors in men's wear are divided into nine categories and the order of occurrence are as follows; multi-color is the most frequently shown and followed by brown, gray, blue, black, green, pink, yellow, and red. More various colors appeared over the period, however, multi color was the most popular in all decades but in the 60s. (3) Full length of pants style occupied more than 96% throughout all four decades. Due to the popularity of sports wear in men's fashion during the 90s, the shorts style appeared not only in sports wear and casual wear but also in suit style. (4) There is a significant difference in silhouette of men's pants between decades. The silhouette of men's pants were divided into four types and their order of occurrence are as follows; basic, baggy, fitted, and loose silhouette. Basic silhouette was the most prevailed throughout the whole four decades. (5) A significant difference was shown in the existence or non-existence of turn-up of men's pants between decades. Non-existence of turn-up of men's pants was the most prevailed throughout the whole four decades.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1372-1380
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 자연언어 문장의 객관적 정량적인 질 측정 방법의 구축에 대해 설명하고, 이를 문장 퇴고 시스템의 사례에 적용해 본다. 문장의 질을 평가한다는 것은 본질적으로 주관적이고 정량화가 어려운 작업이기 때문에, 이 과정에서 질의 객관적 계량화가 가능한지 여부가 가장 중요한 문제가 된다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 진화적 접근 방법을 통해 객관적이고 정량적인 질의 측정 공식을 유도하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 이 논문에서 제시한 방법론의 핵심은 간단히 말해서 사람이 행하는 정성적인 판단을, 이에 가장 근접하는 정량적 측정 체계로 전환시키는 것이라고 보면 된다. 이것을 위해 정량화 문제를 문장의 단순 언어 특징들의 변화값을 이용한 최적화 문제로 환원시키고, 다시 이 최적화 문제를 유전자 알고리즘을 이용해 해결함으로써 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있었다. 실험 결과를 보면, 본 논문에서 제시한 최적화 방법은 주어진 훈련용 예제와 검증용 예제 중 각각 99.84%, 99.88%를 만족시키는 해를 찾아내었으므로 정량적 질 평가 공식의 유도에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 도출된 측정 공식을 이용해서 실제 퇴고 시스템 평가에 적용한 결과 문장 질의 측정에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 질의 정량적 평가가 가능하다는 사실이 갖는 또 한가지 중요한 의미는 최종 사용자의 구매 의사나 개발자의 공학적 의사 결정을 위한 객관적 성능 평가 자료의 제공에 이 방법이 유용하게 사용될 수 있다는 점이다.Abstract This paper describes a method of building a quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences, particularly produced by document revision systems. Evaluating the quality of natural language sentences is intrinsically subjective, so what is most important as to the evaluation is whether the quality can be measured objectively. To solve such problem of objective measurability, genetic algorithm, an evolutionary learning method, is employed in this paper. The underlying standpoint of this approach is that building the quality measures is a task of constructing a formulae that produces as close results as can to the qualitative decisions made by humans. For doing this, the problem of measurability has been simply reduced to an optimization problem using the change of the values of simple linguistic parameters found in sentences, and the reduced problem has been solved effectively by the genetic algorithm. Experimental result shows that the optimization task satisfied 99.84% and 99.88% of the given objectives for training and validation samples, respectively, which means the method is quite effective in constructing the quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences. The actual evaluation result of a revision system shows that the measure is useful to quantize the quality of sentences. Another important contribution of this measure would be to provide an objective performance evaluation data of natural language systems on a basis of which end-users and developers can make their decision to fit their own needs.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the intention of the inquirer from the single text type question in Goal-oriented dialogue. Goal-Oriented Dialogue system means a dialogue system that satisfies the user's specific needs via text or voice. The intention analysis process is a step of analysing the user's intention of inquiry prior to the answer generation, and has a great influence on the performance of the entire Goal-Oriented Dialogue system. The proposed model was used for a daily chemical products domain and Korean text data related to the domain was used. The analysis is divided into a speech-act which means independent on a specific field concept-sequence and which means depend on a specific field. We propose a classification method using the word embedding model and the CNN as a method for analyzing speech-act and concept-sequence. The semantic information of the word is abstracted through the word embedding model, and concept-sequence and speech-act classification are performed through the CNN based on the semantic information of the abstract word.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.50-59
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• 2021

To understand the research trends of English education in Korea for the last 20 years from 2000 to 2019, 12 major academic journals in Korea in the field of English education were selected, and bibliographic information of 7,329 articles published in these journals were collected and analyzed. The total number of articles increased from the 2000s to the first half of the 2010s, but decreased somewhat in the late 2010s and the number of publications by journal has become similar. These results show that the overall influence of English education journals has decreased and then leveled in terms of quantity. Next, 34 topics were extracted by applying latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling using the English abstract of the articles. Teacher, word, culture/media, and grammar appeared as topics that were highly studied. Topics such as word, vocabulary, and testing and evaluation appeared through unique keywords, and various topics related to learner factors emerged, becoming topics of interest in English education research. Then, topics were analyzed to determine which ones were rising or falling in frequency. As a result of this analysis, qualitative research, vocabulary, learner factor, and testing were found to be rising topics, while falling topics included CALL, language, teaching, and grammar. This change in research topics shows that research interests in the field of English education are shifting from static research topics to data-driven and dynamic research topics.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

The standing plaster figure entitled is an early work from Choi Man Lin's 'Eve' series. It reflects the aesthetics of abstract sculpture in the period following Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule. Modern and contemporary sculptures can be made from a wide variety of materials, so the particular selection of materials and expressive techniques are indicative of both the artist's intentions and the zeitgeist of the moment. In this regard, the materials and production techniques used in provide important basic data for the chronological study of Choi's artistic development. In this study, scientific analysis was conducted to reveal the production techniques used in the work. The scope of appropriate conservation treatment was decided through consultation between several people with decision-making authority. First, the internal structure was inspected using X-CT scanning, and a material analysis was conducted to identify the formal characteristics, materials, and production techniques found in the work. As the analyses revealed the work to be in a relatively stable state, only minimal conservation treatment was applied based on the opinions expressed by the institution housing the work, by a former assistant of the artist, and in an interview granted by the artist during his lifetime.