• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1514-1517
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• 2000

In chicken, exogenous genes introduced into germinal crescent region (GCR) of the early developmental stage, where primordial germ cells (PGCs) were concentrated, were successfully transferred to the gonads via PGCs. The foreign genes were also confirmed to be successfully incorporated into F1 and F2 generations. We tried to incorporate the exogenous genes into PGCs by lipofection, then the DNA mixture was injected into GCR at stage 3-5 or 9-11 of embryonic development (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951). The manipulated eggs were incubated, and hatched chicks were reared until sexual maturation. F1 generation was obtained from the DNA-treated chicken (DNA-chicken) mated with normal birds. Furthermore, F2 generation was also obtained from the F1 chicken mated with normal birds. The transfer of introduced foreign genes were confirmed by marker gene detection methods and PCR analysis in the hatched chicks, F1 and F2 generations. However, in our experiments, DNA-chickens showed abnormal characteristics such as low egg production rate, abnormal appearance and decreased number of spermatozoa. In the case of F1 chicken, low egg production and the deterioration of sperm capacity for insemination in male chicken were observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.305-308
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the indications of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and its overtreatment rates for the see and treat and three step strategies in cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined cytology (ASC-US) and low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGSIL) cytology. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed colposcopy directed biopsy (CDB) and LEEP results of 176 paients with ASC-US or LGSIL cytologies who underwent colposcopic examination. Results: Initial cytologies were ASCUS in 120 women and LGSIL in 56. According to the see and treat approach immediate LEEP was performed for38 women. Among the remaining 138 women, LEEP was performed for 32 whose CDB results revealed CIN2/3 lesions. In the see and treat group the recognition of CIN2/3 was found to be 39.4%. The overtreatment rate was 60% as compared to 25% in the three step group. In CDB group detection of CIN 2 or greater lesions increased with 3 or more biopsies. Conclusions: In patients with ASC-US/LGSIL cytologies CDB should be performed before LEEP to prevent overtreatment, with attention to all suspected areas and more than 2 biopsies taken.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.2123-2135
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• 1997

고집적 SRAM을 구성하고 있는 일반적인 메모리 셀을 이용하여 저항성 단락을 MOSFET의 게이트-소오스, 게이트-드레인, 소오스-드레인에 적용시키고, 각 단자에서 발생 가능한 개방 결함을 고려하여 그 영향에 따른 메모리의 자장노드의 전압과 VDD에서의 정전류를 PSPICE 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 해석 결과를 고려하여 메모리의 기능성과 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해 기능 테스트와 IDDQ 테스트에 동시에 적용할 수 있는 O(N)의 복잡도를 갖는 테스트 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 테스트의 질과 효율을 좀 더 향상시키기 위해 메모리에서 발생되는 고장을 검출하는 BIST 회로와 정전류의 비정상적인 전류의 흐름을 발생시키는 결함을 검출하는 BICS를 설계하였다. 또한 구현한 BIST/BICS 회로는 고장 메모리의 수리를 위해 고장 및 결함의 위치를 검출할 수 있다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2004

Evaluation of dementia in patients with early symptoms of cognitive decline is clinically challenging, but the need for early, accurate diagnosis has become more crucial, since several medication for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer' disease are available. Many neurodegenerative diseases produce significant brain function alteration even when structural imaging (CT or MRI) reveal no specific abnormalities. The role of PET and SPECT brain imaging in the initial assessment and differential diagnosis of dementia is beginning to evolve vapidly and growing evidence indicates that appropriate incorporation of PET into the clinical work up can improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy with respect to Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia in the geriatric population. in the fast few years, studios comparing neuropathologic examination with PET have established reliable and consistent accuracy for diagnostic evaluations using PET - accuracies substantially exceeding those of comparable studies of diagnostic value of SPECT or of both modalities assessed side by side, or of clinical evaluations done without nuclear imaging. This review deals the role of functional brain imaging techniques in the evaluation of dementias and the role of nuclear neuroimaging in the early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.792-796
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• 2008

소아청소년기에 뼈의 통증은 일차진료에서 흔히 접할 수 있는 문제이다. 대부분은 성장통이나 스포츠 활동과 관련된 물리적인 원인에 의한 것이지만 급성 림프구성 백혈병, 신경모세포종, 원발성 골종양 등의 악성종양이 뼈의 통증으로 발현하는 경우도 있다. 뼈의 통증을 호소하는 소아청소년 중 악성종양으로 진단 받는 환자는 1% 미만으로 그 빈도가 매우 낮지만 진단과 적절한 치료가 지체되면 환아의 예후에 악영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 어떠한 경우에 악성종양을 의심해야 하는지 숙지해야 한다. 환아가 잠을 잘 수 없을 정도로 심한 뼈의 통증을 2주 이상 호소하며, 발열, 피로감, 야간발한 등의 전신증상이 동반되거나 림프절 비대, 간비장 비대, 사지 혹은 배가 부어 보이고 덩어리가 만져지면 CBC with differential count, 말초혈액 바른검사, CRP, ESR, 단순 방사선 촬영을 시행해야 한다. 위의 검사결과 이상소견이 발견되면 즉시 소아청소년 혈액종양 전문의에게 의뢰를 해야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.853-857
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• 2013

Objectives: Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Breast screening in normal and/or asymptomatic women is essential to reduce the burden of breast malignancies. Our study aimed to identify possible risk- and/or co-factors associated with breast screening in North Indian women. Methods: A public health research survey was conducted among 100 women of North Indian ethnicity during clinic visits in a 6-month timeline (April-October 2012). Demographic and clinical data, including mammography screening, were recorded in the questionnaire-based proforma after conducting a 10 minute interview. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Results: The mean age of the participants was $32.2{\pm}9.9$ years. Out of 100 women, 6% had family history of breast disease. Breast-related complaints/malignancy, including galactorrhoea, mastitis, axillary lump, fibrocystic disease, fibroadenosis and adenocarcinoma were observed in 41% participants; age stratification revealed that 82.9% of this group (n=41) were <30 years, while 9.7% and 7.3% were >30 years and 30 years of age, respectively. 32% participants underwent mammography screening and 8% had breast ultrasound imaging. Age stratification in the mammography screening group demonstrated that 24 women were <40 years, while 7 women were >40 years. Conclusions: Our pilot study identified possible co-factors affecting breast screening in North Indian women. These findings may be beneficial in early detection of breast abnormalities, including malignancies in women susceptible to breast cancer, and thus aid in future design of cost-effective screening strategies to reduce the increasing burden of breast carcinoma in women worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2000

Nowadays, there are a lot of evidence that mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is one of the most common genetic abnormalities in neoplastic progression. In this study, we analyzed 20 specimens of oral tumors(squamous cell carcinoma 14 cases, ameloblastoma 3 cases, adenoid cystic carcinoma 2 cases, malignant schwannoma 1 case)using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing which used an automated DNA sequencer and software for detection of mutations. Polymerase chain reactions were performed with 4 sets of primers encompassing exon 5, 6, 7, 8, and direct sequencing method was employed. The results were as followings. 1. We detected 10 point mutations out of 20 specimens (50%). 2. The genetic alterations included 7 mis-sense mutations resulting in single amino acid subtitutions, 2 silent mutations, 1 non-sense mutations encoding a stop codon. 3. Mutations were mostly in exon 7(7 out of 10 mutations, 70%) and involved codons 225, 234, 235, 236, 238, 247. 4. Therse were 4 cases of $T{\rightarrow}A$ transversion, 2 cases of $C{\rightarrow}A$ transversion, $A{\rightarrow}G$ transition, 1 case of $C{\rightarrow}G$, $T{\rightarrow}G$ transversion respectively. 5. We could find out point mutations more conveniently using PCR - Automated Direct Sequencing method.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2020

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments, patients with ASD frequently manifest atypical sensory behaviors. Recently, atypical sensory perception in ASD has received much attention, yet little is known about its cause or neurobiology. Herein, we review the findings from neuroimaging studies related to visual perception in ASD. Specifically, we examined the neural underpinnings of visual detection, motion perception, and face processing in ASD. Results from neuroimaging studies indicate that atypical visual perception in ASD may be influenced by attention or higher order cognitive mechanisms, and atypical face perception may be affected by disrupted social brain network. However, there is considerable evidence for atypical early visual processing in ASD. It is likely that visual perceptual abnormalities are independent of deficits of social functions or cognition. Importantly, atypical visual perception in ASD may enhance difficulties in dealing with complex and subtle social stimuli, or improve outstanding abilities in certain fields in individuals with Savant syndrome. Thus, future research is required to elucidate the characteristics and neurobiology of autistic visual perception to effectively apply these findings in the interventions of ASD.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1986

A chromosomal study was performed in a total of 162 urological patients during past 2$2{\frac{1}{2}}$ years (Feb. 1984 - Aug. 1986). Of these 78(48%) patients had abnormal chromosome complements. Among all patients with chromosome abnormalities, 88% (69/78) had aberrations of chromosome number, 8% (6/78) had aberrations of chromosome structure and 4% (3/78) had aberrations of both. 90% (65/72) of numerical abnormality was Klinefelter's syndrome and the structural abnormality rate (5.6%, 9/162) was less than that (6.99%) of general population. The chromosomal study was mandatory for the detection of intersex in small testes or hypospadias with cryptorchism or clitoromegaly or bilateral cryptorchism. But unilateral cryptochism or hypospadias with normal scrotal testes was not thought to be indication of the chromosomal study if the external genitalia are otherwise quite normal.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.440-443
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• 2009

Cleidocranial dysplasia(CCD) is a rare syndrome usually caused by an autosomal dominant gene or no apparent genetic cause. The skull is large and short with marked bossing of the frontal bone. Closure on the fontanelles and sutures is delayed. The clavicle may be unilaterally or bilaterally aplastic. Oral manifestations include multiple impacted permanent teeth, prolonged retention of primary teeth and multiple supernumerary teeth. There are many difficulties in the early diagnosis of CCD because a majority of the craniofacial abnormalities becomes obvious only during adolescence. Late diagnosis produce occlusional & psychological problem. Therefore early detection and treatment of CCD can reduce the period and the extent of orthodontic and surgical interventions. We experienced CCD patient with multiple supernumerary teeth and will report it with the literature review.